1、Designation: F2164 10An American National StandardStandard Practice forField Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Pressure PipingSystems Using Hydrostatic Pressure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice provides information on apparatus, safety,pre-test pre
3、paration, and procedures for conducting field testsof polyethylene pressure piping systems by filling with a liquidand applying pressure to determine if leaks exist in the system.1.2 This practice does not address leak testing using apressurized gas (pneumatic testing). For safety reasons, somemanuf
4、acturers prohibit or restrict pneumatic pressure testing oftheir products. Failure during a pressure leak test can beexplosive, violent, and dangerous, especially if a compressedgas is used. In a compressed gas test, both the pressure stresson the system and the energy used to compress the gas arere
5、leased at a failure. Contact component manufacturers forinformation about testing with gas under pressure.1.3 This practice does not apply to leak testing of non-pressure, gravity-flow, negative pressure (vacuum), or non-thermoplastic piping systems. For field-testing of plastic grav-ity flow sewer
6、lines, see Test Method F1417.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
7、safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Additional safetyinformation is presented in Section 7 and throughout
8、thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1417 Test Method for Installation Acceptance of PlasticGravity Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air2.2 Other Documents:PPI TR-4-PPI Lis
9、ting of Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB),Pressure Design Bases (PDB) and Minimum RequiredStrength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Mate-rials33. Terminology3.1 Abbreviations and terms are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600 and Terminology F412 unless otherwise indi-cated.3.2 Definitions of Te
10、rms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 authority having jurisdiction, nthe organization,office, or individual responsible for “approving” equipmentand installation, or a procedure.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe term “authority having jurisdic-tion” is used in this practice in a broad manner since jurisdic-tions
11、 and “approval” agencies vary, as do their responsibilities.Where public safety is concerned, the “authority havingjurisdiction” may be a federal, state, local, or other regionaldepartment or individual such as a Fire Chief, Fire Marshall,chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, building
12、official, or others having statutory authority. For insurancepurposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, orother insurance company representative may be the “authorityhaving jurisdiction.” In many circumstances, the propertyowner or his authorized engineer or agent assumes the role
13、ofthe “authority having jurisdiction”; at government installations,the commanding officer or departmental official may be the“authority having jurisdiction.”3.2.2 approved, vtacceptable to the authority having ju-risdiction.3.2.3 pressure piping system, na piping system where allcomponents in the sy
14、stem are pressure rated and intended forconveying a fluid under continuous internal pressure. (See alsoTerminology F412, pressure pipe and non-pressure pipe.) Toverify suitability for pressure service, consult the componentmanufacturer.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 o
15、n PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F216402(2007). DOI:10.1520/F2164-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
16、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http
17、:/www.plasticpipe.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 1PPI TR-4 provides information about stress ratings for someplastic materials and products.3
18、.2.4 restraint, ntemporary or permanent structural mea-sures or devices which restrict, guide, prevent, or safely limitdisjoining or movement of piping system components whilethe system is under pressure during testing or service condi-tions. Restraint may include backfill, anchors, thrust blocks,ex
19、ternal clamps and tie rods (joint restraints), pipe guides, andso forth. Restraint means that if violent separation or failureoccurs during the test, any movement of components or parts issufficiently constrained such that damage or injury is pre-vented.3.2.5 system design pressure, nthe limiting co
20、ntinuousinternal pressure specified by the piping system designer.System design pressure may be less than the pressure ratings ofcomponents in the system. System design pressure may belimited by component pressure ratings, by code or applicationrequirements, or by other restrictions.3.2.6 visible le
21、akage, nthe visible escape (drip, spray,stream, flow, and so forth.) of test liquid from the test sectionthrough components, joints, connections, appurtenances, andthe like in the test section.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The section of the piping system to be tested is isolatedfrom other parts of the
22、system and restrained against movementto prevent catastrophic failure. Components that are not to besubjected to test pressure or could be damaged by test pressureare isolated or removed as necessary. Isolated components arevented to atmosphere. The test section is filled with the testingliquid, rai
23、sed to the test pressure, and allowed to stabilize. Thesystem is inspected or monitored for leakage, and then testpressure is relieved. If repairs or corrections are necessary, theyare performed only when the test section is depressurized. Ifnecessary, a retest is performed after a relaxation period
24、.At theconclusion of an acceptable test, the test section may be placedin service. Purging and disposal of the test liquid from the testsection may be necessary.4.2 Acceptance is determined by the approval of the author-ity having jurisdiction.4.3 The authority having jurisdiction may specify proce-
25、dures or requirements for test liquid disposal or erosioncontrol.5. Significance and Use5.1 If required by the authority having jurisdiction, hydro-static pressure leak testing may be conducted to discover andcorrect leaks or faults in a newly constructed or modifiedpolyethylene pressure piping syst
26、em before placing the systemin service. Leakage or faults usually occur at connections,joints, and mechanical seals where sealing under pressure isrequired. (WarningSafety is of paramount importance whenconducting hydrostatic pressure leak tests because testingunder pressure may cause sudden violent
27、 rupture or failure.)5.2 This practice uses a pressurized liquid to test for leaks.It does not verify if a piping material or a piping system designis suitable for pressure service. The suitability of a pipingsystem for pressure service and its pressure rating or operatingpressure is determined sole
28、ly by its design and its installedcomponents.5.3 Systems that are not suitable for pressure testing shouldnot be pressure tested. Such systems may contain lowerpressure rated or non-pressure rated components that cannot beisolated from test pressure, or temporary caps or closures maynot be practical
29、. In these systems, leak inspections should beconducted during and after installation. Inspections typicallyinclude visual examination of joint appearance, mechanicalchecks of bolt or joint tightness, and other relevant examina-tions. See also Test Method F1417.5.4 Leakage AllowanceThere is no leaka
30、ge allowance fora section of heat-fusion joined polyethylene piping, becauseproperly made heat fusion joints do not leak. See 7.6.1.5.4.1 Other types of joints or connections in the system mayhave a leakage allowance. Contact the joint or connectionmanufacturer for information.5.5 Expansion Allowanc
31、eWhen test pressure is applied,polyethylene pipe will expand slightly due to elasticity andPoisson effects. To compensate for expansion, make-up wateris added during the initial expansion phase. The amount ofmake-up water (expansion allowance) will vary because ex-pansion is not linear. This procedu
32、re compensates for expan-sion with an initial expansion phase, followed by a test phase.In the test phase, expansion is suspended by slightly reducingtest pressure. See 9.6.5.6 Poisson EffectWhen test pressure is applied to plasticpiping systems that have fully restrained joints (joints such asheat
33、fusion, electrofusion, bolted flanges, and so forth.),diametrical expansion of the pipe may reduce the overall lengthof the fully restrained section. Poisson-effect length reductionmay affect or cause disjoining in other contiguous sections thathave partially restrained or non-restrained joints, suc
34、h asbell-and-spigot joints, when such joints are in-line with the testsection. To prevent Poisson-effect disjoining, take measuressuch as the installation of external joint restraints (diametricalclamps and tie-rods) on in-line non-restrained joints, installingin-line thrust anchors at the ends of t
35、he fully restrained section,or isolating the fully restrained test section from piping withnon-restrained or partially restrained joints.NOTE 2When a tensile stress is applied to a material, it will elongatein the direction of the applied stress, and will decrease in dimension atright angles to the
36、direction of the applied stress. The ratio of decrease toelongation is the Poisson ratio. Under test pressure, piping materials willexpand slightly in diameter and contract in length slightly according to thePoisson ratio of the material.6. Apparatus and Equipment for Hydrostatic Procedures6.1 Gener
37、alComponents such as caps, valves, blindflanges, manual or automatic air release devices, vents, andother devices that are used to isolate the test section from otherparts of the system, to purge air from the system, and to isolatecomponents that are not to be subjected to test pressure aregenerally
38、 needed.6.1.1 Test section isolation and closure components are tobe rated for pressures equal to or greater than the test pressureapplied to the test section.F2164 1026.1.2 Although section isolation and closure componentsmay only be connected to the test section for the duration of thetest, the jo
39、int between the test section and a closure or isolationcomponent should be at least as strong as joints in the testsection. Additional restraint may be required.6.1.3 Air release devices should be located at all high pointsalong the test section.6.1.4 Excessively worn or deteriorated equipment is un
40、suit-able and is not to be used.6.2 Test LiquidAn adequate supply of a safe test liquid,such as water, is necessary. The test liquid should be ofappropriate safety and quality so that the environment, system,test equipment, and disposal (if necessary) are not adverselyaffected.6.2.1 Where an existin
41、g water supply is used to supply testwater, protect the existing water supply from backflow con-tamination in accordance with local codes or as required by theauthority having jurisdiction. Remove backflow protection andisolate the test section from the existing water supply beforetesting.6.2.2 Excl
42、uding retesting (if necessary), the quantity ofliquid needed to fill the internal volume of the pipe test sectionand accommodate test section expansion and possible leakageat non-fusion joints and seals is estimated using:Vgal5 1.015 3 0.04 3 IDin.!23 Lft(1)Vm3 51.015 3 0.785 3 10263 IDmm!23 Lmwhere
43、:Vgal= pipe section volume, U.S. gal,IDin.= pipe inside diameter, in.,Lft= test section length, ft,Vm3 = pipe section volume, m3,IDmm= pipe inside diameter, mm, andLm= test section length, m.6.3 Filling and Pressurizing EquipmentLiquid filling andpressurizing equipment such as pumps, and pressure re
44、gulatingdevices will usually be necessary. Filling equipment should becapable of filling the test section in a reasonable time againstany elevation head pressure that may be present. Pressurizingequipment should be able to maintain the necessary testpressure in the test section and provide sufficien
45、t quantities ofmake-up test liquid for the duration of the test. Pressureregulating equipment should be capable of maintaining testpressure for the duration of the test.6.3.1 Filling equipment and pressurizing equipment do notneed to be the same equipment.6.4 Pressure MonitoringUse at least one cali
46、brated pres-sure gage or sensor accurate to within two percent (2 %) of fullscale. It is preferred that the gage or sensor full scale value notbe more than twice the test pressure, and that scale graduationsbe no greater than two percent (2 %) of the full scale value.Using a valved tee, a gage cock
47、for bleeding, a pressuresnubber, and a duplicate, back-up pressure gage are recom-mended. A continuous pressure-recording device may be re-quired.6.4.1 Locate the test pressure gage or sensor to monitor testpressure at the lowest point in the test section. Pressure may bemonitored at other points in
48、 the test section as well.NOTE 3Test pressure is a combination of pump pressure and theheight (head) of liquid in the pipeline. Therefore, test pressure is alwaysmonitored at the lowest elevation point in the section where pressure ishighest. Test pressure will be lower at higher points in the secti
49、on. If aminimum test pressure at higher elevations must also be met, select testsections so that the minimum test pressure is met at the higher elevation,but do not increase test pressure at the lowest point. Excessive testpressure can cause damage or pipeline failure.6.5 Other equipment to connect the pump(s) to the testsection and the test liquid supply, control the flow of test liquid,power the pump(s), connect the pressure gage(s) or sensor(s) tothe test section, monitor pressure, and drain or purge the testliquid from the test section may also be necessary.7
