1、Designation: F2164 101F2164 13 An American National StandardStandard Practice forField Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) and CrosslinkedPolyethylene (PEX) Pressure Piping Systems UsingHydrostatic Pressure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2164; the number immediately following the
2、 designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTESection 9.7 was editorially cor
3、rected in September 2012.1. Scope*1.1 This practice provides information on apparatus, safety, pre-test preparation, and procedures for conducting field tests ofpolyethylene and crosslinked polyethylene pressure piping systems by filling with a liquid and applying pressure to determine ifleaks exist
4、 in the system.1.2 This practice does not address leak testing using a pressurized gas (pneumatic testing). For safety reasons, somemanufacturers prohibit or restrict pneumatic pressure testing of their products. Failure during a pressure leak test can be explosive,violent, and dangerous, especially
5、 if a compressed gas is used. In a compressed gas test, both the pressure stress on the system andthe energy used to compress the gas are released at a failure. Contact component manufacturers for information about testing withgas under pressure.1.3 This practice does not apply to leak testing of no
6、n-pressure, gravity-flow, negative pressure (vacuum), or non-thermoplasticpiping systems. For field-testing of plastic gravity flow sewer lines, see Test Method F1417.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions
7、 to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
8、 determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Additional safety information is presented in Section 7 and throughout this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping
9、SystemsF1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air2.2 Other Documents:PPI TR-4-PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Bases (PDB) and Minimum Required Strength(MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials33. Termino
10、logy3.1 Abbreviations and terms are in accordance with Terminology D1600 and Terminology F412 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 authority having jurisdiction, nthe organization, office, or individual responsible for “approving” equipment andinstallat
11、ion, or a procedure.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010April 1, 2013. Published January 2011April 2013. Originally approved in 2007. Las
12、t previous edition approved in 20072010 asF216402(2007).F2164101. DOI: 10.1520/F2164-10.10.1520/F2164-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard
13、s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have b
14、een made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official docume
15、nt.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1.1 DiscussionThe term “authority having jurisdiction” is used in this practice in a broad manner since jurisdicti
16、ons and “approval” agencies vary,as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is concerned, the “authority having jurisdiction” may be a federal, state, local, orother regional department or individual such as a Fire Chief, Fire Marshall, chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department,buil
17、ding official, or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau,or other insurance company representative may be the “authority having jurisdiction.” In many circumstances, the property owneror his authorized engineer or agent assumes th
18、e role of the “authority having jurisdiction”; at government installations, thecommanding officer or departmental official may be the “authority having jurisdiction.”3.2.2 approved, vtacceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.3.2.3 pressure piping system, na piping system where all components
19、in the system are pressure rated and intended forconveying a fluid under continuous internal pressure. (See also Terminology F412, pressure pipe and non-pressure pipe.) To verifysuitability for pressure service, consult the component manufacturer.NOTE 1PPI TR-4 provides information about stress rati
20、ngs for some plastic materials and products.3.2.4 restraint, ntemporary or permanent structural measures or devices which restrict, guide, prevent, or safely limitdisjoining or movement of piping system components while the system is under pressure during testing or service conditions.Restraint may
21、include backfill, anchors, thrust blocks, external clamps and tie rods (joint restraints), pipe guides, and so forth.Restraint means that if violent separation or failure occurs during the test, any movement of components or parts is sufficientlyconstrained such that damage or injury is prevented.3.
22、2.5 system design pressure, nthe limiting continuous internal pressure specified by the piping system designer. Systemdesign pressure may be less than the pressure ratings of components in the system. System design pressure may be limited bycomponent pressure ratings, by code or application requirem
23、ents, or by other restrictions.3.2.6 visible leakage, nthe visible escape (drip, spray, stream, flow, and so forth.) of test liquid from the test section throughcomponents, joints, connections, appurtenances, and the like in the test section.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The section of the piping system
24、 to be tested is isolated from other parts of the system and restrained against movement toprevent catastrophic failure. Components that are not to be subjected to test pressure or could be damaged by test pressure areisolated or removed as necessary. Isolated components are vented to atmosphere. Th
25、e test section is filled with the testing liquid,raised to the test pressure, and allowed to stabilize. The system is inspected or monitored for leakage, and then test pressure isrelieved. If repairs or corrections are necessary, they are performed only when the test section is depressurized. If nec
26、essary, a retestis performed after a relaxation period. At the conclusion of an acceptable test, the test section may be placed in service. Purgingand disposal of the test liquid from the test section may be necessary.4.2 Acceptance is determined by the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.
27、4.3 The authority having jurisdiction may specify procedures or requirements for test liquid disposal or erosion control.5. Significance and Use5.1 If required by the authority having jurisdiction, hydrostatic pressure leak testing may be conducted to discover and correctleaks or faults in a newly c
28、onstructed or modified polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene pressure piping system before placingthe system in service. Leakage or faults usually occur at connections, joints, and mechanical seals where sealing under pressureis required. (WarningSafety is of paramount importance when conducting
29、hydrostatic pressure leak tests because testing underpressure may cause sudden violent rupture or failure.)5.2 This practice uses a pressurized liquid to test for leaks. It does not verify if a piping material or a piping system design issuitable for pressure service. The suitability of a piping sys
30、tem for pressure service and its pressure rating or operating pressureis determined solely by its design and its installed components.5.3 Systems that are not suitable for pressure testing should not be pressure tested. Such systems may contain lower pressurerated or non-pressure rated components th
31、at cannot be isolated from test pressure, or temporary caps or closures may not bepractical. In these systems, leak inspections should be conducted during and after installation. Inspections typically include visualexamination of joint appearance, mechanical checks of bolt or joint tightness, and ot
32、her relevant examinations. See also TestMethod F1417.5.4 Leakage AllowanceThere is no leakage allowance for a section of heat-fusion joined polyethylene piping, becauseproperly made heat fusion joints do not leak. See 7.6.1.5.4.1 Other types of joints or connections in the system may have a leakage
33、allowance. Contact the joint or connectionmanufacturer for information.F2164 1325.5 Expansion AllowanceWhen test pressure is applied, polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene pipe will expand slightlydue to elasticity and Poisson effects. To compensate for expansion, make-up water is added during th
34、e initial expansion phase. Theamount of make-up water (expansion allowance) will vary because expansion is not linear. This procedure compensates forexpansion with an initial expansion phase, followed by a test phase. In the test phase, expansion is suspended by slightly reducingtest pressure. See 9
35、.6.5.6 Poisson EffectWhen test pressure is applied to plastic piping systems that have fully restrained joints (joints such as heatfusion, electrofusion, bolted flanges, and so forth.), diametrical expansion of the pipe may reduce the overall length of the fullyrestrained section. Poisson-effect len
36、gth reduction may affect or cause disjoining in other contiguous sections that have partiallyrestrained or non-restrained joints, such as bell-and-spigot joints, when such joints are in-line with the test section. To preventPoisson-effect disjoining, take measures such as the installation of externa
37、l joint restraints (diametrical clamps and tie-rods) onin-line non-restrained joints, installing in-line thrust anchors at the ends of the fully restrained section, or isolating the fullyrestrained test section from piping with non-restrained or partially restrained joints.NOTE 2When a tensile stres
38、s is applied to a material, it will elongate in the direction of the applied stress, and will decrease in dimension at rightangles to the direction of the applied stress. The ratio of decrease to elongation is the Poisson ratio. Under test pressure, piping materials will expandslightly in diameter a
39、nd contract in length slightly according to the Poisson ratio of the material.6. Apparatus and Equipment for Hydrostatic Procedures6.1 GeneralComponents such as caps, valves, blind flanges, manual or automatic air release devices, vents, and other devicesthat are used to isolate the test section fro
40、m other parts of the system, to purge air from the system, and to isolate components thatare not to be subjected to test pressure are generally needed.6.1.1 Test section isolation and closure components are to be rated for pressures equal to or greater than the test pressure appliedto the test secti
41、on.6.1.2 Although section isolation and closure components may only be connected to the test section for the duration of the test,the joint between the test section and a closure or isolation component should be at least as strong as joints in the test section.Additional restraint may be required.6.
42、1.3 Air release devices should be located at all high points along the test section.6.1.4 Excessively worn or deteriorated equipment is unsuitable and is not to be used.6.2 Test LiquidAn adequate supply of a safe test liquid, such as water, is necessary. The test liquid should be of appropriatesafet
43、y and quality so that the environment, system, test equipment, and disposal (if necessary) are not adversely affected.6.2.1 Where an existing water supply is used to supply test water, protect the existing water supply from backflowcontamination in accordance with local codes or as required by the a
44、uthority having jurisdiction. Remove backflow protection andisolate the test section from the existing water supply before testing.6.2.2 Excluding retesting (if necessary), the quantity of liquid needed to fill the internal volume of the pipe test section andaccommodate test section expansion and po
45、ssible leakage at non-fusion joints and seals is estimated using:Vgal51.01530.043IDin.!23Lft (1)Vm351.01530.785310263IDmm!23Lmwhere:Vgal = pipe section volume, U.S. gal,IDin. = pipe inside diameter, in.,Lft = test section length, ft,Vm3 = pipe section volume, m3,IDmm = pipe inside diameter, mm, andL
46、m = test section length, m.6.3 Filling and Pressurizing EquipmentLiquid filling and pressurizing equipment such as pumps, and pressure regulatingdevices will usually be necessary. Filling equipment should be capable of filling the test section in a reasonable time against anyelevation head pressure
47、that may be present. Pressurizing equipment should be able to maintain the necessary test pressure in thetest section and provide sufficient quantities of make-up test liquid for the duration of the test. Pressure regulating equipmentshould be capable of maintaining test pressure for the duration of
48、 the test.6.3.1 Filling equipment and pressurizing equipment do not need to be the same equipment.6.4 Pressure MonitoringUse at least one calibrated pressure gage or sensor accurate to within two percent (2 %) of full scale.It is preferred that the gage or sensor full scale value not be more than tw
49、ice the test pressure, and that scale graduations be nogreater than two percent (2 %) of the full scale value. Using a valved tee, a gage cock for bleeding, a pressure snubber, and aduplicate, back-up pressure gage are recommended. A continuous pressure-recording device may be required.6.4.1 Locate the test pressure gage or sensor to monitor test pressure at the lowest point in the test section. Pressure may bemonitored at other points in the test section as well.F2164 133NOTE 3Test pressure is a combination of pump pressure and the height (head) of liqu
