1、Designation: F 2168 02 (Reapproved 2008)An American National StandardStandard Specification forPacking Material, Graphitic, Corrugated Ribbon or TexturedTape, and Die-Formed Ring1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2168; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 ScopeThis specification covers various types, clas
3、ses,and grades of flexible graphite material in which valve mediatemperatures are limited to a maximum of 1050F (966C).Where this specification is invoked as ASTM F 2168, Sections1-18 apply. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM/DoDF 2168, Sections 1-18 and the Supplementary Requirementsare ap
4、plicable.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite ArticlesC 561 Test Method for Ash in a Graphite SampleC 816 Test Method for Sulfur in G
5、raphite by Combustion-Iodometric Titration MethodC 889 Test Methods for Chemical and Mass SpectrometricAnalysis of Nuclear-Grade Gadolinium Oxide (Gd2O3)PowderD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD 1179 Test Methods for
6、Fluoride Ion in WaterD 1246 Test Method for Bromide Ion in WaterD 3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in theAnalysis Sample of Coal and Coke3D 3684 Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal by theOxygen BombCombustion/Atomic Absorption MethodD 3761 Test Method for Total Fluorine in Coal by theOxyg
7、en Bomb Combustion/Ion Selective ElectrodeMethodD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD 4239 Test Methods for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube FurnaceCombustion Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accordion crease, nbecause of the method of con-struc
8、tion of die-formed rings, an accordion-like linear indica-tion (crease) may appear singularly or in multiple locationsaround the inside and outside diameter surface.3.1.2 corrosion inhibitors, nadditives to the products tofunction in a passive or sacrificial manner to reduce galvaniccorrosion. These
9、 additives are typically embedded zinc pow-der, phosphorus, or barium molybdate.3.1.3 corrugated ribbon, ngraphite ribbon or tape that issubjected to mechanical pressure in a consistent manner toapply surface indentations to the tape or ribbon.3.1.4 density, nthe mass per unit volume at a specifiedt
10、emperature.3.1.5 detrimental materials, nabrasive or chemically ac-tive constituents such as ash particles (in high ash content foils)or elemental materials that can cause galvanic action orcorrosion in long-term storage or service environments.3.1.6 die-formed ring, na packing ring made by mechani-
11、cally compacting winds of graphite ribbon or braided packingin a die or fixture.3.1.7 lot, nall finished packing of one size, type, class,and grade produced in a continuous run or at the same timeunder essentially the same conditions.3.1.8 set, nthe packing components required to pack onevalve.3.1.9
12、 size, nrefers to the physical dimensions of thepacking material.4. Classification4.1 ClassificationThe material shall be of the followingtypes, classes, and grades as specified (see Section 5).4.1.1 Type ICorrugated ribbon or textured tape.4.1.2 Type IIDie-formed ring.1This specification is under t
13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 onInsulation/Processes.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 2168 - 02.2For referen
14、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
15、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.3 Class 1For use where detrimental material contentof the packing need not be controlled beyond normal manu-facturing limit (commercial grade).4.1.4 Class 2For use where detrimental material contentmust be controlled to the limits specified he
16、rein.4.1.5 Grade ATreated with corrosion inhibitor.4.1.6 Grade BNo corrosion inhibitor.5. Ordering Information5.1 Contracts or orders for the units under this specificationshall include the following information:5.1.1 Title, number, and date of this specification.5.1.2 Type, class, and grade.5.1.3 T
17、ype of corrosion inhibitor (see 6.1.3 and Supplemen-tary Requirements).5.1.4 Specify density of die-formed rings.5.1.5 Inspection, testing, and certification of the materialshould be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplieras part of the purchase contract (see Sections 14 and 16).5.1.6 Whe
18、n die-formed (Type II) packing rings are desired,the ring height, inside diameter, outside diameter, number ofcuts, and number of packing rings required per set (see 9.2 and9.3).5.1.7 Marking requirements (see Section 17 and Supple-mentary Requirements).5.1.8 Packaging requirements (see Section 18 a
19、nd Supple-mentary Requirements).5.1.9 Application data (to include operating pressure, oper-ating temperature, and media).5.1.10 Specify thickness of Type I.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 MaterialRequirements specified herein apply to Class1 and Class 2 and Grade A and Grade B packing, except where
20、noted.6.1.1 Type IThe packing shall be made entirely of flexiblegraphitic material having no binders and meeting the require-ments of Tables 1 and 2.6.1.2 Type IIDie-formed packing rings shall be manufac-tured from flexible graphitic material conforming to the re-quirements of Tables 1 and 2.6.1.3 C
21、oating and Corrosion-Inhibiting Treatments:6.1.3.1 Grade AGrade A packing shall be provided with apowdered zinc active corrosion-inhibiting treatment or a pas-sive inhibiting treatment such as phosphorous or bariummolybdate, as specified (see Section 5). If the use of inhibitorsis required, both pas
22、sive and active inhibitors shall be permit-ted to be used.6.1.3.2 Grade BGrade B packing shall not containcorrosion-inhibiting additives.6.1.4 Mercury ExclusionDuring manufacturing, fabrica-tion, handling, packaging, and packing, the packing materialshall not come in contact with mercury or mercury
23、containingcompounds.7. Properties7.1 Chemical and Physical PropertiesUnless otherwisespecified, the properties of the finished packing shall conformto the requirements of Table 1. Class 2 also requires compli-ance with Table 2.7.2 Prohibited AdditionsThere shall be no intentionaladditions of any of
24、the detrimental materials of Table 2 orantimony (Sb), arsenic (As), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd),gallium (Ga), indium (In), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), silver (Ag),or tin (Sn) during the manufacturing, fabrication, handling,packaging, and packing of the product.8. Other Requirements8.1 No other requireme
25、nts noted.9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations9.1 Type I Ribbon PackingUnless otherwise specified (seeSection 5), the packing shall be uniformly coiled, spooled, orreeled in accordance with Table 3.9.2 Type II Die-Formed PackingUnless otherwise speci-fied (see Section 5), the tolerances f
26、or Type II packing shall bein accordance with Table 4. The tolerance applies to finishedrings before any cutting operations.9.3 Split RingsThe number of cuts (zero, one, or two)shall be as specified (see Section 5). Cuts shall be made atapproximately a 45 angle such that an overlapping joint isforme
27、d in the compressed state. When two cuts are required(separating the ring into two parts), the resulting parts shall beapproximately the same dimension. If the number of cuts is notspecified, single-cut rings shall be provided.10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance10.1 WorkmanshipThe packing shall b
28、e free from extra-neous material and visual defects that may affect its service-ability, as defined in Table 5.TABLE 1 Chemical and Physical PropertiesProperty Value Unit TestDensity, bulk as specified kg/m313.5Ash 1 % by mass, max 13.3Graphite purity 99 %, min 13.4TABLE 2 Detrimental Materials (Cla
29、ss 2 Only (See 13.6)ElementMaximum Total Allowable ImpurityLevels in Parts per Million (ppm)Mercury (Hg) 10Sulfur (S) 750Total halogens (chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) 500Chlorine (Cl) 250Bromine (Br) 250Fluorine (F) 250TABLE 3 Dimensions for Type IWidth Length, min0.25 6 0.030 in (6 6 0.075 mm) 2
30、5 ft (7.62 m)0.50 6 0.030 in (12 6 0.075 mm) 25 ft (7.62 m)0.75 6 0.030 in (18 6 0.075 mm) 50 ft (15.24 m)1.00 6 0.030 in (25 6 0.075 mm) 50 ft (15.24 m)F 2168 02 (2008)211. Quality Assurance11.1 Quality SystemsManufacturers shall be prepared todocument use of a quality system such as compliance wit
31、h anISO 9000 series program or similar program.12. Specimen Preparation12.1 Specimen PreparationBuyer and seller shall agreeon specimen preparation.13. Test Methods13.1 TestsIn the event tests are required as part of thepurchasing requirements (see 5.1.5), tests shall be made inaccordance with the f
32、ollowing tests or by way of alternatemethods of analysis with equal to or improved accuracy andprecision. The use of an alternate analytical method requiresthe prior written consent of the purchasing party beforeacceptance will be allowed. Except for the corrosion-inhibitingtreatment exceptions of 1
33、3.3 and 13.4, all testing shall beperformed on final product after completion of all processing,including application of any binders and, if required, corrosioninhibitors.13.2 SizeThe size shall be determined by measuring eachsample selected for visual examination (see Table 4).13.3 Ash ContentThe a
34、sh content shall be determined inaccordance with Test Method C 561 (see Table 1). For GradeApacking only, the test shall be conducted before the corrosion-inhibiting treatment or the added mass of the corrosioninhibitor shall be determined and subtracted from the basemass of the sample.13.4 Graphite
35、 PurityThe sample shall be dried to aconstant mass at 300 6 5F (149 6 3C) before testing. ForGrade A packing only, the test shall be conducted before thecorrosion-inhibiting treatment or the added mass of the corro-sion inhibitor shall be determined and subtracted from the basemass of the sample. Th
36、e percent carbon shall be based uponmass of the dried sample. This determination shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods D 3178 or an alternate methodof analysis with equal or improved accuracy and precision (seeTable 1).13.5 Bulk DensityThe bulk density of the Type I and TypeII materials shall
37、 be determined in accordance with TestMethod C 559.13.6 Detrimental Material TestsFor determination of thedetrimental materials listed in Table 2 for Class 2 only, the testmethods of Table 6 or alternate methods of equal or improvedaccuracy and precision shall be used.14. Inspection and Testing14.1
38、Inspection and testing of the material should be agreedupon between the purchaser and the supplier as part of thepurchase contract (see 5.1.5).15. Rejection15.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements ofthis specification shall be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or su
39、pplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of testing, the producer shallmake claim for a rehearing or provide for third party testing.TABLE 4 Tolerances for Type II PackingInside Diameter(i.d.)Outside Diameter(o.d.)Thicknessto 1 in. (25 mm)o.d.+0.010 in. (0.25 mm) +0
40、.000 in. (0.000 mm) 60.020 in. (0.50 mm)-0.000 in. (0.000 mm) -0.010 in. (0.25 mm)1 in. (25 mm)and above o.d.+0.015 in. (0.38 mm) +0.000 in. (0.000 mm) 60.030 in. (0.75 mm)-0.000 in. (0.000 mm) -0.015 in. (0.38 mm)TABLE 5 Classification of Visual DefectsItem CategoryMajorType I corrugated ribbonor t
41、extured tapeVoid.Rip or tear in ribbon.Particulate or extraneous matter on surface that isnot easily removed without damaging the packing.Noncontinuous length (no joints).Lack of corrugation or textured surface area.Creasing or crimping.Type II die-formed rings Holes or voids.Particulate or extraneo
42、us matter on surface that isnot easily removed without damaging the packing.Delaminations (laminated rings).Gouges (minor indentations less than 0.005 in. indepth resulting from normal production andhandling are acceptable).Split rings not cut cleanly.Lack of corrosion inhibitor (Grade A only).Wrong
43、 corrosion inhibitor (Grade A only).Presence of corrosion inhibitor (Grade B only).Cracking (crevices of no appreciable widthassociated with folds (accordion creases), plyterminations, or plies of die molded ribbonpacking rings are acceptable.)TABLE 6 Detrimental Materials TestsElement Preparation/A
44、nalysis Test MethodsChlorine (Cl),bromine (Br)(l) pyrohydrolysis (C 889)/ion chromatographic analysis(2) D 129/D 512(3) D 1246 (for bromine)Fluorine (F) (l) pyrohydrolysis (C 889)/selective ion electrode orion chromatographic analysis(2) D 129/D 1179(3) D 3761 (sample preparation and analysis)Sulfur
45、 (S) (1) high temperature combustion in 100 % oxygen/nondispersive infrared analysis or ion chromatographicanalysis(2) C 816 (sample preparation and analysis)(3) D 4239 Method 3 (sample preparation andanalysis)Mercury (Hg) (1) direct analysis of volatile elements (Hg) byemission spectrographic metho
46、d(2) direct analysis of volatile elements by atomicabsorption per D 3684F 2168 02 (2008)316. Certification16.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, thepurchaser shall be furnished certification that samples repre-senting each lot have been tested and the requirements havebeen met. When
47、specified in the purchase order or contract, areport of the test results shall be furnished.16.2 Detrimental Materials ControlFor Class 2 materialonly, the vendor shall provide certification that the limits ofTable 2 have been met and that low melting metals (Sb, As, Bi,Cd, Pb, Sn, Ga, In,Ag, Hg and
48、 Zn Zn for Grade B only) havenot been added as intentional constituents. In lieu of specifictest results for the lot to be delivered, certifications shall bebased on tests of both raw materials and production lots ofsimilar finished packing material over an extended time period(not exceeding three y
49、ears between tests). Any change tomanufacturing processing that affects product composition,including changes to raw material, binders, or inhibitors (GradeA) shall require additional testing to form the basis for futurecertifications.17. Product Marking17.1 MarkingFor commercial shipment, marking shall bein accordance with accepted industry practices or as required inthe purchase contract (see 5.1.1). Marking shall include type ofcorrosion inhibitor, if any.18. Packaging18.1 Commercial PackagingCommercial packaging shallbe in accorda
