1、Designation: F2170 11F2170 16Standard Test Method forDetermining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor SlabsUsing in situ Probes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of percent relative humidity in concrete slabs f
3、or field or laboratorytests.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of th
4、e safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.Specific warnings are given in Section 7, 10.3.2, and 10.4.4.2. Referenc
5、ed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesE104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous SolutionsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Prec
6、ision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsF710 Practice for Preparing Concrete Floors to Receive Resilient Flooring3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 relative humidity, nratio of the amount of water vapor actually in the air compared to the amount of water vapor requiredfor saturation at that particular t
7、emperature and pressure, expressed as a percentage.3.1.2 service temperature and relative humidity, naverage ambient air temperature and relative humidity that typically will befound in a buildings occupied spaces during normal use.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method comprises two procedur
8、es for forming holes in concrete into which a relative humidity probe is placed.ProcedureAfor hardened concrete involves drilling a cylindrical hole in concrete with a rotary hammerdrill, then placing a hollowsleeve to line the hole. Procedure B is an alternative procedure for fresh concrete, which
9、involves forming a cylindrical hole inconcrete by placing a hollow cylindrical tube in the formwork, then placing and consolidating concrete around the tube. The lineror tube permits measurement of RH at a specific, well-defined depth in the concrete.4.2 Methods of probe calibration and factors affe
10、cting equilibration are described in Section 8.5. Significance and Use5.1 Moisture permeating from concrete floor slabs affects the performance of flooring systems such as resilient and textile floorcoverings and coatings. Manufacturers of such systems generally require moisture testing to be perfor
11、med before installation onconcrete. Internal relative humidity testing is one such method.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.40 on Practices.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011May 1, 2
12、016. Published September 2011June 2016. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20092011 asF2170-09.-11. DOI: 10.1520/F2170-11.10.1520/F2170-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B
13、ook of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be tech
14、nically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
15、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Excessive moisture permeating from floor slabs after installation can cause floor covering system failures such as debondingand deterioration of finish flooring and coatings and microbial growth.5.3 Moisture test results indicate the mois
16、ture condition of the slab only at the time of the test.6. Apparatus6.1 Hole Liner, made of plastic or non-corroding metal. The liner shall have the shape of a hollow right circular cylinder andshall be between 0.37 to 0.75-in. (10 to 20 mm) outside diameter.6.1.1 The liner shall have a solid sidewa
17、ll that is open only at the bottom and at the top. Slots, holes, or other penetrations inthe sidewall of the liner are not permitted. Two or more deformable circumferential fins located around the exterior circumferencenear the bottom of the liner shall be provided to create a positive seal against
18、the concrete. The liner shall be of sufficient lengthto extend from the bottom diameter of the hole to the surface of the concrete. See Fig. 1.NOTE 1The purpose of the liner is to isolate the probe from the sidewall of the hole so that moisture only enters into the sensor from a specific depthat the
19、 bottom of the hole. The specified diameter range will usually permit the hole to intersect a sufficient volume of cement paste to provide adequatemoisture interaction with the sensor for accurate measurement. Smaller diameter holes may intersect only a single aggregate particle at the bottom of the
20、hole and therefore produce inaccurate results. If the user observes that the bottom of the hole is occupied by a single aggregate particle, do not use thathole.6.2 Humidity Probe and Digital MeterRelative humidity and temperature sensors in cylindrical probe, designed such thatwhen the probe is inst
21、alled to its full depth within the hole liner, the following geometrical considerations shall be met:6.2.1 The sensing elements of the probe shall be located within 0.625 6 0.125 in. (15.9 6 3 mm) of the base of the liner andthe probe sealed or gasketed within itself and the liner such that the volu
22、me of air being measured cannot escape upward beyond0.625 6 0.125 in. (15.9 6 3 mm) within the probe itself or the liner. See Fig. 2.6.2.2 Obtain probes from a manufacturer with NIST traceable calibration equal to or better than 62 % relative humidity at 50% relative humidity and 62 % relative humid
23、ity at 90 % relative humidity.NOTE 2Calibration by end-users using saturated salt solutions in accordance with Practice Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity byMeans ofAqueous SolutionsE104 is not recommended due to the technical difficulties of maintaining sufficiently accurate refere
24、nce standards. Checkingwith salt solutions is an acceptable method of assessing probe performance.7. Hazards7.1 Silica and Asbestos WarningDo not sand, dry sweep, dry scrape, drill, saw, beadblast, or mechanically chip or pulverizeexisting resilient flooring, backing, lining felt, paint, asphaltic c
25、utback adhesives, or other adhesives. These products may containasbestos fibers or crystalline silica. Avoid creating dust. Inhalation of such dust is a cancer and respiratory tract hazard. Smokingby individuals exposed to asbestos fibers greatly increases the risk of serious bodily harm. Unless pos
26、itively certain that the productis a nonasbestos-containing material, presume that it contain asbestos. Regulations may require that the material be tested todetermine asbestos content. The Resilient Floor Covering Institutes (RFCI) recommended work practices for removal of existingresilient floor c
27、overings should be consulted for a defined set of instructions addressed to the task of removing all resilient floorcovering structures.37.2 Lead WarningCertain paints may contain lead. Exposure to excessive amounts of lead dust presents a health hazard. Referto applicable federal, state, and local
28、laws and guidelines for hazard identification and abatement of lead-based paint published bythe U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development regarding appropriate methods for identifying lead-based paint andremoving such paint, and any licensing, certification, and training requirements for pers
29、ons performing lead abatement work.47.3 Wet Concrete WarningContact with wet (unhardened) concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures can cause skinirritation, severe chemical burns, or serious eye damage. Wear waterproof gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, full-length trousers, andproper eye protection
30、when working with these materials. If you have to stand in wet concrete, use waterproof boots that are high3 Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings, Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 401 East Jefferson St., Suite 102, Rockville, MD 20850.4 Lead-Based Paint: Interim Gui
31、delines for Hazard Identification and Abatement in Public and Indian Housing, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,NTIS Order Number PB91-144311. Available online from www.fedworld.gov.FIG. 1 Example Hole with LinerF2170 162enough to keep concrete from flowing into them. Wash wet concret
32、e, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from your skinimmediately after contact. Indirect contact through clothing can be as serious as direct contact, so promptly rinse out wet concrete,mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from clothing. Seek immediate medical attention if you have persistent or severe
33、 discomfort.8. Calibration8.1 Recalibrate probes at least annually or more frequently if exposed to environmental conditions that affect measurementaccuracy.8.2 Check probe calibration within 30 days before use by either of the two following procedures:procedure:8.2.1 Calibration Check Procedure 1,
34、Procedure, Saturated Salt SolutionsPrepare saturated salt solutions in accordance withPractice E104. Follow probe manufacturers recommended procedure for exposing probes. Check probes at relative humidity (RH)equal to or greater than 75 % RH. Record the as-found relative humidity of the probe and th
35、e nominal relative humidity of thesalt solutions. If the as-found relative humidity differs from the nominal relative humidity by more than 2 % RH (below 90 %relative humidity) or by more than 3 % RH (from 90 to 100 % relative humidity), recalibrate the probe before use.use or discard.8.2.2 Calibrat
36、ion Check Procedure 2, Compressed Dry Air and Moist Room:8.2.2.1 0 % Relative HumidityConnect one end of a tube to a compressed gas cylinder containing zero-grade or driercompressed air or an inert gas such as nitrogen. Insert the relative humidity probe into the other end of the tube. Allow the gas
37、to flow at several millilitres per minute until the probe reaches equilibrium (less than 1 % relative humidity drift in 5 min). Recordthe percent relative humidity.8.2.2.2 100 % Relative HumidityPlace the probe in a moist room or chamber meeting the requirements of Specification C511for at least 30
38、min. Allow the probe to reach equilibrium (less than 1 % relative humidity drift in 5 min). A thin, moisture vaporpermeable membrane surrounding the sensing element will inhibit condensation on the sensing element. If condensation occurs,remove the probe from the moist environment and allow to dry b
39、efore repeating the measurement. Record the percent relativehumidity.8.2.2.3 If checking reveals the probe output differs from 0 by more than 2 % or from 100 % by more than 3 %, recalibrate theprobe before use.9. Conditioning9.1 Concrete floor slabs shall be at service temperature and the occupied a
40、ir space above the floor slab shall be at servicetemperature and service relative humidity for at least 48 h before making relative humidity measurements in the concrete slab.FIG. 2 Example % RH - Probe Element PositionF2170 16310. Procedure10.1 Number of Tests and Locations:10.1.1 Perform three tes
41、ts for the first 1000 ft2 (100 m2) and at least one additional test for each additional 1000 ft2 (100 m2).10.1.2 Select test locations to provide information about moisture distribution across the entire concrete floor slab, especiallyareas of potential high moisture. For slabs on-grade and below-gr
42、ade, include Include a test location within 1 m (3 ft) of eachexterior wall.10.2 Determine the appropriate depth for probe holes from the following table:Drying Conditions Drill-to Depth from Top of SlabSlab drying from top only(Example: slab on ground withvapor retarder below, or slabon metal deck)
43、40 %(Example: 1.5 in. (40 mm) deep in4-in. (100-mm) thick slab)Slab drying from top andbottom(Example: elevated structuralslab not in metal deck)20 %(Example: 0.75 in. (20 mm) deepin 4-in. (100-mm) thick slab)NOTE 3Testing at these depths will indicate the potential equilibrium relative humidity tha
44、t will be established within the concrete slab after alow-permeability floor covering is applied.10.3 Procedure ADrilled Holes:10.3.1 Use a rotary hammerdrill with a carbide-tipped drill bit to drill holes to required depth. Drill bit diameter shall not exceed0.04 in. (1 mm) larger than the external
45、 diameter of the hole liner. Hole shall be drilled dry. Do not use water for cooling orlubrication; do not wet-core test hole.10.3.2 Remove dust from the hole using a vacuum cleaner. (WarningAvoid blowing dust from the hole that might becomerespirable. Wear respiratory protection if necessary to avo
46、id breathing concrete dust while drilling and cleaning holes.)10.3.3 Insert hole liner to bottom of hole. Place rubber stopper into upper end of liner and seal around liner to concrete atconcrete surface with joint sealant, caulk, or gasketed cover.10.3.4 Allow 72 h to achieve moisture equilibrium w
47、ithin the hole before making relative humidity measurements.10.3.5 Continue the determination of relative humidity in accordance with 10.5.NOTE 4Measurement of relative humidity on concrete powder collected from a drilled hole does not produce results of sufficient accuracy to meetthe purposes descr
48、ibed in Significance and Use.10.4 Alternative Procedure BCast Holes:10.4.1 Before placing concrete, secure liner tube to formwork or steel reinforcement to avoid displacement of tubes duringconcrete placement, consolidation, and finishing.10.4.2 Secure a solid rod slightly smaller than the inner dia
49、meter of the liner into the liner so that the bottom end of the rodis flush with the bottom end of the liner at measurement depth and the top end protrudes above the top of the liner. This rod willexclude fresh concrete from entering the liner during concrete placement and consolidation.10.4.3 Place, consolidate, and finish the concrete, ensuring the liner remains at required depth. Remove the inner solid rod afterthe concrete hardens and place a rubber stopper into the upper end of the liner.10.4.4 Holes formed by casting liners in fresh concrete can be used to
