1、Designation: F2170 16aF2170 16bStandard Test Method forDetermining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor SlabsUsing in situ Probes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of percent relative humidity in concrete slabs
3、 for field or laboratorytests.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of
4、the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.Specific warnings are given in Section 7, 10.3.2, and 10.4.4.2. Refere
5、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous SolutionsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsF710 Practice for Preparing Concrete Floors to Receive Resilient Flooring3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1
6、.1 relative humidity, nratio of the amount of water vapor actually in the air compared to the amount of water vapor requiredfor saturation at that particular temperature and pressure, expressed as a percentage.3.1.2 service temperature and relative humidity, naverage ambient air temperature and rela
7、tive humidity that typically will befound in a buildings occupied spaces during normal use.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method comprises two procedures for forming holes in concrete into which a relative humidity probe is placed.ProcedureAfor hardened concrete involves drilling a cylindric
8、al hole in concrete with a rotary hammerdrill, then placing a hollowsleeve to line the hole. Procedure B is an alternative procedure for fresh concrete, which involves forming a cylindrical hole inconcrete by placing a hollow cylindrical tube in the formwork, then placing and consolidating concrete
9、around the tube. The lineror tube permits measurement of RH at a specific, well-defined depth in the concrete.4.2 Methods of probe calibration and factors affecting equilibration are described in Section 8.5. Significance and Use5.1 Excessive moisture in floor slabs after floor covering has been ins
10、talled can cause floor covering system failures such asdebonding, peaking and deterioration of finish flooring and coatings and microbial growth.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.40 on
11、Practices.Current edition approved July 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2016. Published August 2016January 2017. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asF2170-16.-16a. DOI: 10.1520/F2170-16A.10.1520/F2170-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact
12、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been m
13、ade to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Co
14、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Moisture permeating from concrete floor slabs affects the performance of flooring systems such as resilient and textile floorcoverings and coatings. Manufacturers of such systems gener
15、ally require moisture testing to be performed before installation onconcrete. Internal relative humidity testing is one such method.5.2 Excessive moisture permeating from floor slabs after installation can cause floor covering system failures such as debondingand deterioration of finish flooring and
16、 coatings and microbial growth.5.3 Moisture test results indicate the moisture condition of the slab only at the time of the test.test and in the specific locationstested.6. Apparatus6.1 Hole Liner, made of plastic or non-corroding metal. The liner shall have the shape of a hollow right circular cyl
17、inder andshall be between 0.37 to 0.75-in. (10 to 20 mm) outside diameter.6.1.1 The liner shall have a solid sidewall that is open only at the bottom and at the top. Slots, holes, or other penetrations inthe sidewall of the liner are not permitted. Two or more deformable circumferential fins located
18、 around the exterior circumferencenear the bottom of the liner shall be provided to create a positive seal against the concrete. The liner shall be of sufficient lengthto extend from the bottom diameter of the hole to the surface of the concrete. See Fig. 1.NOTE 1The purpose of the liner is to isola
19、te the probe from the sidewall of the hole so that moisture only enters into the sensor from a specific depthat the bottom of the hole. The specified diameter range will usually permit the hole to intersect a sufficient volume of cement paste to provide adequatemoisture interaction with the sensor f
20、or accurate measurement. Smaller diameter holes may intersect only a single aggregate particle at the bottom of thehole and therefore produce inaccurate results. If the user observes that the bottom of the hole is occupied by a single aggregate particle, do not use thathole.6.2 Humidity Probe and Di
21、gital MeterRelative humidity and temperature sensors in cylindrical probe, designed such thatwhen the probe is installed to its full depth within the hole liner, the following geometrical considerations shall be met:6.2.1 The sensing elements of the probe shall be located within 0.625 6 0.125 in. (1
22、5.9 6 3 mm) of the base of the liner andthe probe sealed or gasketed within itself and the liner such that the volume of air being measured cannot escape upward beyond0.625 6 0.125 in. (15.9 6 3 mm) within the probe itself or the liner. See Fig. 2.6.2.2 Obtain probes from a manufacturer with NIST tr
23、aceable calibration equal to or better than 62 % relative humidity at 50% relative humidity and 62 % relative humidity at 90 % relative humidity.NOTE 2Calibration by end-users using saturated salt solutions in accordance with Practice E104 is not recommended due to the technical difficultiesof maint
24、aining sufficiently accurate reference standards. Checking with salt solutions is an acceptable method of assessing probe performance.7. Hazards7.1 Silica and Asbestos WarningDo not sand, dry sweep, dry scrape, drill, saw, beadblast, or mechanically chip or pulverizeexisting resilient flooring, back
25、ing, lining felt, paint, asphaltic cutback adhesives, or other adhesives. These products may containasbestos fibers or crystalline silica. Avoid creating dust. Use of dust collection equipment and appropriate personal protectiveequipment such as an approved respirator may be required to control work
26、er exposure to respirable crystalline silica produced fromdrilling concrete. Inhalation of such dust is a cancer and respiratory tract hazard. Smoking by individuals exposed to asbestos fibersgreatly increases the risk of serious bodily harm. Unless positively certain that the product is a nonasbest
27、os-containing material,presume that it contain asbestos. Regulations may require that the material be tested to determine asbestos content. The ResilientFloor Covering Institutes (RFCI) recommended work practices for removal of existing resilient floor coverings should beconsulted for a defined set
28、of instructions addressed to the task of removing all resilient floor covering structures.37.2 Lead WarningCertain paints may contain lead. Exposure to excessive amounts of lead dust presents a health hazard. Referto applicable federal, state, and local laws and guidelines for hazard identification
29、and abatement of lead-based paint published by3 Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings, Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 401 East Jefferson St., Suite 102, Rockville, MD 20850.FIG. 1 Example Hole with LinerF2170 16b2the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
30、 regarding appropriate methods for identifying lead-based paint andremoving such paint, and any licensing, certification, and training requirements for persons performing lead abatement work.47.3 Wet Concrete WarningContact with wet (unhardened) concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures can cause
31、 skinirritation, severe chemical burns, or serious eye damage. Wear waterproof gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, full-length trousers, andproper eye protection when working with these materials. If you have to stand in wet concrete, use waterproof boots that are highenough to keep concrete from flowing
32、into them. Wash wet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from your skinimmediately after contact. Indirect contact through clothing can be as serious as direct contact, so promptly rinse out wet concrete,mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from clothing. Seek immediate medical attention if yo
33、u have persistent or severe discomfort.8. Calibration8.1 Recalibrate probes at least annually or more frequently if exposed to environmental conditions that affect measurementaccuracy.8.2 Check probe calibration within 30 days before use by the following procedure:8.2.1 Calibration Check Procedure,
34、Saturated Salt SolutionsPrepare saturated salt solutions in accordance with PracticeE104. Follow probe manufacturers recommended procedure for exposing probes. Check probes at relative humidity (RH) equalto or greater than 75 % RH. Record the as-found relative humidity of the probe and the nominal r
35、elative humidity of the saltsolutions. If the as-found relative humidity differs from the nominal relative humidity by more than 2 % RH (below 90 % relativehumidity) or by more than 3 % RH (from 90 to 100 % relative humidity), recalibrate the probe before use or discard.9. Conditioning9.1 Concrete f
36、loor slabs shall be at service temperature and the occupied air space above the floor slab shall be at servicetemperature and service relative humidity for at least 48 h before making relative humidity measurements in the concrete slab.4 Lead-Based Paint: Interim Guidelines for Hazard Identification
37、 and Abatement in Public and Indian Housing, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,NTIS Order Number PB91-144311. Available online from www.fedworld.gov.FIG. 2 Example % RH - Probe Element PositionF2170 16b310. Procedure10.1 Number of Tests and Locations:10.1.1 Perform three tests for the
38、 first 1000 ft2 (100 m2) and at least one additional test for each additional 1000 ft2 (100 m2).10.1.2 Select test locations to provide information about moisture distribution across the entire concrete floor slab, especiallyareas of potential high moisture. Include a test location within 1 m (3 ft)
39、 of each exterior wall.10.2 Determine the appropriate depth for probe holes from the following table:Drying Conditions Drill-to Depth from Top of SlabSlab drying from top only(Example: slab on ground withvapor retarder below, or slabon metal deck)40 %(Example: 1.5 in. (40 mm) deep in4-in. (100-mm) t
40、hick slab)Slab drying from top andbottom(Example: elevated structuralslab not in metal deck)20 %(Example: 0.75 in. (20 mm) deepin 4-in. (100-mm) thick slab)NOTE 3Testing at these depths will indicate the potential equilibrium relative humidity that will be established within the concrete slab after
41、alow-permeability floor covering is applied.10.3 Procedure ADrilled Holes:10.3.1 Use a rotary hammerdrill with a carbide-tipped drill bit to drill holes to required depth. Drill bit diameter shall not exceed0.04 in. (1 mm) larger than the external diameter of the hole liner. Hole shall be drilled dr
42、y. Do not use water for cooling orlubrication; do not wet-core test hole.10.3.2 Remove dust from the hole using a vacuum cleaner. (WarningAvoid blowing dust from the hole that might becomerespirable. Wear respiratory protection if necessary to avoid breathing concrete dust while drilling and cleanin
43、g holes.)10.3.3 Insert hole liner to bottom of hole. Place rubber stopper into upper end of liner and seal around liner to concrete atconcrete surface with joint sealant, caulk, or gasketed cover.10.3.4 Allow 72 h to achieve moisture equilibrium within the hole before making relative humidity measur
44、ements.10.3.5 Continue the determination of relative humidity in accordance with 10.5.NOTE 4Measurement of relative humidity on concrete powder collected from a drilled hole does not produce results of sufficient accuracy to meetthe purposes described in Significance and Use.10.4 Alternative Procedu
45、re BCast Holes:10.4.1 Before placing concrete, secure liner tube to formwork or steel reinforcement to avoid displacement of tubes duringconcrete placement, consolidation, and finishing.10.4.2 Secure a solid rod slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the liner into the liner so that the bottom
46、end of the rodis flush with the bottom end of the liner at measurement depth and the top end protrudes above the top of the liner. This rod willexclude fresh concrete from entering the liner during concrete placement and consolidation.10.4.3 Place, consolidate, and finish the concrete, ensuring the
47、liner remains at required depth. Remove the inner solid rod afterthe concrete hardens and place a rubber stopper into the upper end of the liner.10.4.4 Holes formed by casting liners in fresh concrete can be used to measure relative humidity as soon as the concrete hardens.(WarningHoles formed in fr
48、esh concrete might contain highly alkaline solution (pH12) that must be removed before placingprobes. This solution can cause chemical burns on exposed skin. Remove solution from a hole using a sponge or rag. Wearprotective eyewear and gloves. Handle soaked rags or sponges with care. Do not use comp
49、ressed air to blow solution out of holes.)10.5 Measurement:10.5.1 Remove the rubber stopper at the top of the liner and insert probe. Seal the probe lead wire to the liner where the wireemerges from the top of the liner. Connect the probe lead wire to the meter, turn on the meter and allow it to warm up as indicatedby the manufacturers instructions.10.5.2 Allow probe to reach temperature equilibrium before measuring relative humidity. Probe shall be at the same temperatureas the concrete before reading. Even a small difference in temperature will produce a signi
