1、Designation: F2175 07 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forPortable and Permanent Emergency Escape Ladders forResidential Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes recognized performancerequirements for portable and permanent emerg
3、ency escapeladders for residential use.1.2 This specification replaces provisional standard PS 117.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety
4、 and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position2.2 Underwriters Laboratories Standard:3UL 746b Oven Aging Techn
5、iques3. Requirements3.1 The ladder shall show evidence of good workmanshipand meet the following requirements:3.1.1 Vertical Static LoadThe ladder components shall notallow evidence of failure (material or joint separation,cracking, or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.1.3.1.2 Horizontal St
6、atic LoadThe ladder components shallnot show evidence of failure (material or joint separation,cracking, or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.2.3.1.3 Rung/Step StrengthThe rungs/steps shall not showany evidence of failure (material or joint separation, cracking,or collapse) when tested in a
7、ccordance with 4.3.3.1.4 Rung/Step/Side Support ShearThe rungs/steps andside support shall not show evidence of failure (material orjoint separation, cracking, or collapse) when tested in accor-dance with 4.4.3.1.5 Deployment WeightMaximum weight of the laddershall be less than or equal to 20 lb (9.
8、0 kg) for a 20-ft (5.1-m)ladder and not more than 0.75 ft (.34 kg) per foot (30 cm) ofadditional length.3.1.6 Deployment TimeDeployment of the ladder shall beless than 60 s as tested in accordance with 4.5.3.1.7 Hook or Attachment StabilityThe unit shall havehooks or other means of attachment to the
9、 window or perma-nent structural attachment that are stable. With the ladder inplace, no hazardous condition shall be created when tested inaccordance with 5.1.3.1.8 Rung/Step SizeRungs/steps shall be 0.97 in.(25 mm) minimum in depth and greater than 10 in. (254 mm)in width. For rungs made from roun
10、d tubing, the minimumrung depth can be reduced at each end for attachment to sidesupports.3.1.9 Rung/Step Release MechanismFor ladders havingrung/step release mechanisms, the pull force to release anddeploy the ladder shall be 5 lb (2.3 kg) or less.3.1.10 Heat Deflection TemperatureAll materials tha
11、tsoften or melt by heat used in support components of the ladderincluding the rungs, rung supports, and hooks, shall have a heatdeflection temperature, as measured by Test Method D648,ofnot less than 150C at 66 psi (455 kPa).3.1.11 StandoffStandoffs for each rung/step shall be sup-plied with each la
12、dder. Minimum distance between the outerface of the rung/step and standoff contact at building shall benot less than 3.6 in. (9.1 cm). If standoffs are shippedunattached, the label shown in Section 5 shall be used onopposite sides of the final package.3.1.12 Designed LengthDesigned for a maximum use
13、 of 3stories (unless specified otherwise).3.1.13 Rung/Step SpacingRungs/steps shall be spaced at auniform distance and spaced at intervals of 13 6 2 in.(325 6 5 cm).3.1.14 Rungs/StepsRungs/steps are to be corrugated,serrated, knurled, dimpled, embossed, or coated with slip-resistant material.1This s
14、pecification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.47 on FireLadders.Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Last previousedition approved in 2007 as F2175 07. DOI: 10.1520/F2175-07R15.2For refe
15、renced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East,En
16、glewood, CO 80112.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.15 Rated LoadThe rated load shall be indicated foreach ladder and shall be rated at 250 lb or more.3.1.16 Stress ReliefRungs/steps, rung/step supports,hooks or perm
17、anent structural attachment assembly shall standconditioning at 70C for 7 h without significant deformation orany cracking that would, in any way, adversely affect thefunctionality of the ladder.3.1.17 Heat AgingPolymeric components shall have acalculated use temperature of 75C or more when heat age
18、daccording to UL 746b or shall be heat aged at 100C for 1000 hwithout a 25 % or more decrease (unaged to aged) in tensileproperties.4. Test Methods4.1 Vertical Static Load TestThe ladder shall be mountedas intended and subjected to a vertical static load of three timesthe rated load to evaluate the
19、hook or anchoring, rung/step, andrung/step support components. The loads shall be evenlydistributed along length of the ladder, with a maximum of250 lb (113 kg) per rung, for 1 min. Following the test, theladder shall be examined for evidence of failure.4.2 Horizontal Static Load TestThe ladder shal
20、l bemounted as intended and subjected to a horizontal static load of200 lb (91 kg) to evaluate the hook (for portable ladders) orpermanent structural attachment (for permanent ladders) andstandoff components. The load(s) shall be applied at the pointwhere it would cause the greatest stress on the co
21、mponent for1 min. Following this test, the components shall be visuallyexamined for evidence of failure.4.3 Rung/Step Strength TestRungs/steps shall be mountedas intended to the side supports and subjected to a static loadof 750 lb (340 kg) applied at the center of the rung/step of a4-in. (10-cm) wi
22、dth for 1 min. Following the test, the rung/stepand side support shall be visually examined for evidence offailure.4.4 Rung/Step Support Shear TestRungs/steps shall bemounted as intended to the side supports and subjected to astatic load of 750 lb (340 kg) applied to the rung/step of a 4-in.(10-cm)
23、width immediately adjacent to the side support for 1min. Following the test, the rung/step and side support shall bevisually examined for evidence of failure.4.5 Deployment Test:4.5.1 A variety of able-bodied individuals who have noprior knowledge of the product shall deploy and use the ladderthroug
24、h a window opening as defined and instructed by themanufacturer. Each test person shall be evaluated for theirability to follow the instructions correctly, install the ladder(for portable ladders), deploy the ladder, and climb through thewindow and down the ladder. The deployment shall be timed.4.5.
25、2 All members of the testing group shall accomplishdeployment through an opening in 1 min. or less.NOTE 1The time period shall start at the time the person grasps theladder and shall end when the ladder is fully deployed (as intended foruse).4.6 Abnormal Operation TestA representative sample ofthe l
26、adder shall be mounted as intended and subjected to thefollowing test: A 250-lb (113-kg) load shall be placed 10 ft(3.0 m) below the hooks or permanent structural attachment.The bottom end of the ladder shall be displaced 10 to the rightfrom vertical. The ladder shall be evaluated for evidence ofsli
27、pping, disconnection, or any other hazardous conditions withrespect to attachment to the window sill or permanent struc-tural attachment.5. Labels5.1 If any assembly by the consumer is required, the label inFig. 1 shall be visible on two opposite sides of the finalpackage. Similar wording shall be i
28、ncluded in any advertisingcopy. The words “some assembly” may be modified to be morespecific, for example, standoffs only.6. Marking6.1 The companys name, model designation, and date ofmanufacture (month and year) or dated serial number shall bepermanently marked on the product. The following inform
29、a-tion shall be on the product:6.1.1 Ladder length,6.1.2 Ladder load rating,6.1.3 Minimum window opening dimensions,6.1.4 Maximum window sill depth for portable escapeladders, and6.1.5 Instructions for deployment.7. Instructions7.1 For portable ladders, the shipping box shall contain thefollowing st
30、atement: READ INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSEM-BLY AND USE IMMEDIATELY UPON PURCHASE. Forpermanent ladders, the shipping box or cover of the installationmanual shall contain the following statement: BEFORE YOUINSTALL OR USE THIS PRODUCT, READ INSTRUC-TIONS COMPLETELY AND CAREFULLY. Instructions forproper inst
31、allation, assembly, operation, and use shall beprovided with each unit and shall include the following:7.1.1 Load ratings (lb) and required window openings.7.1.2 Instructions for proper use with step-by-step pictorialdescription. Must include instructions for proper securement ofhook for portable la
32、dders, installation and deployment ofpermanent ladders and lowering ladder.FIG. 1 Warning LabelF2175 07 (2015)27.1.3 The statement “Close doors before opening any win-dows to prevent fire from being drawn into the room.”7.1.4 The statement “Do not lean away from ladder” or“Keep body close to ladder.
33、”7.1.5 The statement “Unless absolutely necessary, do notcarry a child when using this ladder.”7.1.6 The statement “Do not carry pets or miscellaneousobjects when using this ladder.”7.1.7 The statement “Instruct family members to use theescape ladder only when the primary escape path (that is, thema
34、in exit) is blocked or unsafe to use,” or equivalent.7.1.8 The statement “This escape ladder is not a toy orrecreational device. Instruct children that the ladder is to beused only in an emergency or adult supervised exit drill,” orequivalent.7.1.9 The statement “For use only in windows that arestru
35、cturally safe for the intended load,” or equivalent.7.1.10 The statement “Not recommended for use with stormwindows or other windows that do not open to the recom-mended minimum dimensions (_),” or equivalent.7.1.11 The statement “Make sure ladder is correct length.Do not use above 2 or 3-story heig
36、ht” (indicated on productlabel).7.1.12 Instructions advising the user not to attempt todeploy the ladder from windows that are obstructed byfurniture, radiators, air conditioning units, or security devicessuch as grilles or bars (without inside release mechanisms).7.1.13 Instructions advising the us
37、er to check for outsideobstructions such as electric lines, telephone wires, or fences.7.1.14 For portable escape ladders, instructions advising theuser not to attempt to use the ladder if the window sill does notmeet the size range specified by the manufacturer.Additionally,a schematic showing the
38、minimum and maximum dimensionsof window sills to accommodate ladder hooks.7.1.15 The statement “After assembly, plan and practicedrills to ensure that occupants are familiar enough for properuse. This ladder is intended to supplement (not replace) themore important fire protection principles of fire
39、 drills, emer-gency evacuation plans, smoke detectors, fire extinguishers,etc.,” or equivalent.7.1.16 The ladder should be periodically inspected fordamage, loosening of any assembled items, incorrect assembly,or significant deterioration of the materials of construction.7.1.17 The ladder is designe
40、d for use by one person at atime.7.1.18 For portable escape ladders, store the ladder in aconvenient location near the emergency escape window; forexample, under bed, in closet, etc.7.1.19 Provide instructions, if needed for returning ladder to“ready state” after practice drills.7.1.20 RepackingInst
41、ructions shall be given in clear detailas to any appropriate repacking of the ladder for subsequentuse.8. Keywords8.1 emergency egress; escape ladder; fire safety; ladder;safety standardASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
42、item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical c
43、ommittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
44、a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
45、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 07 (2015)3
