1、Designation: F2199 09 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forDetermining Dimensional Stability of Resilient Floor Tileafter Exposure to Heat1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the changein linear dimensions of resilien
3、t floor tile after exposure to heat.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all
4、 of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use
5、 of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF2055 Test Method for Size and Squareness of ResilientFloor Tile by Dial Gage Method3. Terminology
6、3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F141unless otherwise indicated.4. Significance and Use4.1 The final appearance of an installed tile floor dependsupon several factors. These include but are not limited to sizeand squareness of the tile, the quality of joint cut, the qualityand prep
7、aration of the subfloor and the skill of the installer.Long term appearance of the installed floor is also dependenton but not limited to the ability of the tile to resist shrinkagedue to internal stress relief. This test method is used to measurethe ability of floor tile to retain its original dime
8、nsionsfollowing exposure to heat simulating a long service life atreasonable and expected temperatures.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical Convection-Type Oven, or equivalent, ca-pable of maintaining a temperature of 180 6 3.6F (82 6 2C),with inside dimensions large enough to hold several tileshorizontally o
9、n aluminum exposure plates.5.2 Specimen Exposure Plates, consisting of flat 14gage,0.0625in. (1.6mm), thick aluminum. The aluminum expo-sure plates may be contained in a rack, either fixed in orremovable from the rack, and should be at least 1 in. (25.4 mm)larger in each linear dimension than the li
10、near dimension of thespecimen tested. If contained in a rack, the spacing betweeneach plate should be at least 0.625in. (16mm). The rack shallbe constructed with all four sides open.5.3 Block and Dial Gage Assembly, as described in TestMethod F2055.5.4 Forced Air Cooling (Fan, Blower, etc.), may be
11、used foraccelerating specimen conditioning before heating and aftercooling exposure to ensure proper equilibrium of test specimen(see 6.1 and 7.1).6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen consists of a resilient floor tile.Typical floor tile dimensions are 9 by 9 in. (229 by 229 mm) or12 by 12 in. (305
12、 by 305 mm). Other sizes in square orrectangular dimensions may also be tested.7. Conditioning7.1 A conditioned room maintained at a temperature of 73.46 1.8F (23 6 1C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.8. Procedure8.1 Reference PlatesDifferent tile sizes, with respectivereference plates, can be specif
13、ied if the size and squarenessapparatus is designed to handle the testing and measurement ofalternate sizes.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods - Performance.Current editio
14、n approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2199-09. DOI:10.1520/F2199-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStanda
15、rds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States18.2 Conditioning Before ExposureCondition the speci-mens at 73.4 6 1.8F (23 6 1C) and 50 6 5 % rel
16、ativehumidity for not less than 24 h prior to starting the test unlessotherwise specified.8.3 Conditions for MeasurementMeasure the tile speci-men (6.1) in the conditioning room (7.1).8.4 Calibration of Block and Dial Gage IndicatorsCalibrate the block and dial gage indicators as indicated in TestMe
17、thod F2055.8.5 Initial MeasurementPlace the tile specimen, afterconditioning (8.2), on the block and dial gage assembly (5.3)face up and measure in the machine direction (MD), ifidentifiable, and the across machine direction (AMD), ifidentifiable, according to the procedure in Test Method F2055.Thes
18、e points shall be marked as a reference on the tile so thatthe final measurements will be made at the same exactlocations. Measure the tile according to Test Method F2055and eliminating the squareness measurement step.8.6 ExposurePlace the tile specimen face up in the expo-sure rack (5.2) on the alu
19、minum exposure plates. Position theplates on racks in the heated cabinet (5.1)at1806 3.6F (826 2C) for 6 6 0.25 h. Expose the four open sides of the rackto the direction of the airflow within the cabinet so that thecirculating air passes freely over the tile specimens.8.7 Conditioning after Exposure
20、Remove the tile/plateassembly from the oven cabinet (5.1). Allow the assembly tocondition at room temperature (7.1) for at least 24 h. Weargloves when handling the hot aluminum plate.8.8 Final MeasurementsDetermine the dimensional sta-bility by measuring the change in tile size before and after theh
21、eat exposure for both the MD and AMD at the referencelocations. Remove the tile from the aluminum plate afterre-conditioning and re-measure on the block and dial gageassembly (5.3) according to 8.5. Make the measurements at thesame reference points as the initial measurements.NOTE 1Squareness measur
22、ements are not to be taken or recordedsince they are not directly considered in the dimensional stabilitydetermination.9. Calculations9.1 The final MD average measurements are subtractedfrom initial MD average measurements. The dimensionalstability is recorded and reported in inches (0.001 in.) Aneg
23、ative value indicates shrinkage, and a positive value indi-cates expansion.9.2 The final AMD average measurements are subtractedfrom initial AMD average measurements. The dimensionalstability is recorded and reported in inches (0.001 in.) Anegative value indicates shrinkage, and a positive value ind
24、i-cates expansion.9.3 The MD and AMD dimensional stability results arecalculated, recorded, and reported as individual measurementson an applicable characteristic chart or report form. Thecalculated linear dimensional change may also be representedas a percentage change as follows:Linear Change% 5FD
25、f2 Di!DiG3100 (1)where:Df= the average final length, andDi= the average initial length.10. Precautions10.1 While no supporting data exist, it is important that thealuminum exposure plates for supporting the specimen be keptsmooth and polished so that surface friction does not interferewith free shri
26、nkage or growth of the specimens. The platesmust be flat and free of convex or concave warp.10.2 For any type of block and dial gage, care must be takenso that the tile is properly seated against the base horizontalindex guide when a specific measurement is being taken. Tilewith concave or convex ed
27、ges can easily be read incorrectly.10.3 The zero setting of the multiple dial indicators shouldbe checked prior to, during use (if a large quantity of specimensare to be tested), and at the conclusion of the test (see 8.4).10.4 All foreign matter or loose particles must be removedfrom the edges of t
28、he tile and from the angle between the blockbase and the horizontal index guide prior to making measure-ments. A simple brush-off by hand of each edge is usuallysufficient.10.5 Each dial gage foot must be flat, no rounded or wornsurfaces.10.6 When making measurements, care must be taken so asnot to
29、apply undue pressure and distort the tile.10.7 Check horizontal index guide for abrasive wear.10.8 The three reference points for measurement (MD andAMD) shall be marked on the face of the tile and measuredwith the face-up on the block and dial gage assembly to ensurethat any embossing along the edg
30、e of the tile wear surface willnot affect the measurements.10.9 Check that the tile specimen is placed face-up on thealuminum exposure plate.10.10 Make sure that the dial gage foot is at the samereference points for both the initial and final measurements.The tile must be held flat. A domed or curle
31、d tile could beconfused with dimensional change.10.11 Prior to specimen exposure, it is important that theoven cabinet (5.1) be checked to be certain that it is controllingat 180 6 3.6F (82 6 2C).10.12 After exposure, do not remove the tile from thealuminum plate until the reconditioning time elapse
32、s (see 6.1).11. Precision and Bias311.1 The precision was determined by inter-laboratoryround robin testing according to Practices E177 and E691 andis listed in 11.2 for machine direction measurements and in11.3 for across machine direction measurements.3A research report is available from ASTM Inte
33、rnational Headquarters. RequestRR:F06-1007.F2199 09 (2014)211.2 Precision Statement for Machine Direction Dimen-sional Stability:11.2.1 Requirements for Determining Precision of TestMethod: AnalysisThe number of laboratories, materials, anddeterminations in this study does meet the minimum require-m
34、ents for determining precision prescribed in Practice E691:ThisStudyASTM E691MinimumLaboratories 6 6Materials 5 4Determinations 12 211.2.2 Precision Statement for Test Method: AnalysisPrecision, characterized by repeatability, Sr, r, andreproducibility, SR, R has been determined for the materials to
35、be:Materials Average Sr SR r RMaterial A -0.0034583 0.0052579 0.0052579 0.0147220 0.0147220Material B -0.0051181 0.0041771 0.0057826 0.0116958 0.0161913Material C 0.0015764 0.0020731 0.0026663 0.0058046 0.0074657Material D -0.0023333 0.0029237 0.0384626 0.0081863 0.1076954Material E -0.0040972 0.002
36、9009 0.0033733 0.0081226 0.009445211.3 Precision Statement for Across Machine DirectionDimensional Stability:11.3.1 Requirements for Determining Precision of TestMethod: AnalysisThe number of laboratories, materials, anddeterminations in this study does meet the minimum require-ments for determining
37、 precision prescribed in Practice E691:ThisStudyASTM E691MinimumLaboratories 6 6Materials 5 4Determinations 12 211.3.2 Precision Statement for Test Method: AnalysisPrecision, characterized by repeatability, Sr, r, andreproducibility, SR, R has been determined for the materials tobe:Materials Average
38、 Sr SR r RMaterial A 0.004979 0.003809 0.003970 0.010665 0.011116Material B -0.003299 0.005647 0.007118 0.015811 0.019931Material C 0.003000 0.002077 0.002271 0.005817 0.006360Material D -0.002049 0.01907 0.034792 0.053396 0.097418Material E -0.005146 0.002418 0.003577 0.006771 0.010017average = the
39、 numerical average of test results for all repli-cates from all laboratories,Sr = the within-laboratory standard deviation of theaverage, andR = 2.83SR.11.4 Repeatability (Sr, r)In comparing two average valuesfor the same material obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day
40、, the means should be judgednot equivalent if they differ by more than the r value for thatmaterial and condition.11.5 Reproducibility (SR, R)In comparing two averagevalues for the same material obtained by different operatorsusing different equipment on different days, the means shouldbe judged not
41、 equivalent if they differ by more than the R valuefor that material and condition. (This applies between differentlaboratories or between different equipment within the samelaboratory).11.6 The previous judgments will have an approximate 0.95(95 %) probability of being correct. Other materials woul
42、d beexpected to give somewhat different results. For further infor-mation on the methodology used in this section or for furtherclarification please refer to Practice E691.11.7 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe test method procedure because material having an acceptedreference va
43、lue is unavailable.12. Keywords12.1 dimensional stability; resilient flooring; tileASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the
44、validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your
45、comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments h
46、ave not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multip
47、le copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2199 09 (2014)3
