1、Designation: F2199 18Standard Test Method forDetermining Dimensional Stability and Curling Properties ofResilient Flooring after Exposure to Heat1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the changein linear dimensions of resil
3、ient floor tile/plank products afterexposure to heat and reconditioning to ambient temperature.1.2 This test method allows one to also measure curling thatcan occur after a specimen has been exposed to heat andreconditioned back to ambient temperature.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to
4、 be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
5、the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization establis
6、hed in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test
7、MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF2055 Test Method for Size and Squareness of ResilientFloor Tile by Dial Gage MethodF2421 Test Method for Measurement of Resilient FloorPlank b
8、y Dial Gage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F141unless otherwise indicated.4. Significance and Use4.1 The final appearance of an installed floor depends uponseveral factors. These include but are not limited to size andsquareness in the case of tiles/planks, the quali
9、ty of joint cut,the quality and preparation of the subfloor and the skill of theinstaller. Long term appearance of the installed floor is alsodependent on but not limited to the ability of the tile/plank toresist shrinkage due to internal stress relief. This test method isused to measure the ability
10、 of the floor to retain its originaldimensions following exposure to heat, simulating a longservice life at reasonable and expected temperatures.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical Convection-Type Oven, or equivalent, ca-pable of maintaining a default temperature of 180 6 3.6 F (826 2 C), with inside dimensi
11、ons large enough to hold severaltile/planks horizontally on aluminum exposure plates. Othertemperature settings may be utilized, if specifically referencedin a resilient flooring specification. Temperature must bemaintained to the same 63.6 F(2 C) accuracy of desired setpoint.5.2 Specimen Exposure P
12、lates, consisting of flat 14-gauge,0.0625-in. (1.6-mm), thick aluminum. The aluminum exposureplates may be contained in a rack, either fixed in or removablefrom the rack, and should be at least 1 in. (25.4 mm) larger ineach linear dimension than the linear dimension of the speci-men tested. If conta
13、ined in a rack, the spacing between eachplate should be at least 0.625-in. (16-mm). The rack shall beconstructed with all four sides open.5.3 Block and Dial Gauge Assembly, as described in TestMethod F2055. See Fig. 1. If testing planks longer than 24 in.(610 mm), Test Method F2421 shall be utilized
14、 for sizemeasurements.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods - Performance.Current edition approved July 15, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last prev
15、ious edition approved in 2014 as F2199-09 (2014). DOI:10.1520/F2199-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST
16、M website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopmen
17、t of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.4 Forced Air Cooling (Fan, Blower, etc.), may be used foraccelerating specimen conditioning before heating and aftercooling exposure to ensure proper equilib
18、rium of test specimen(see 6.1 and 7.1).5.5 Micrometer, The micrometer shall be pillar-mounted, orother suitable device accurate to at least 0.001 in. (0.025 mm).5.6 Feeler Gauge, Feeler gauges shall be down to 0.001 in.(0.025 mm).5.7 Calibrated Shim or Spacer Block, of appropriate dimen-sions.5.7.1
19、The calibrated shim or spacer block allows one tomeasure plank width differences utilizing the block and dialgauge apparatus (see Fig. 2 as an example).5.8 Reference Plates, Different tile/plank sizes, with respec-tive reference plates, can be specified, provided the size andsquareness apparatus is
20、designed to handle the testing andmeasurement of the different sizes.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen consists generally of a resilient floortile or plank. Run test in duplicate. Typical floor tile/plankdimensions are 12 by 12 in. (305 by 305 mm), 24 by 24 in.(610 by 610 mm), 5 by 48 in. (127 b
21、y 610 mm), 5 by 12 in.(127 by 305 mm) or 5 by 24 in. (127 by 610 mm); for a cutdown plank. Other sizes in square or rectangular dimensionsmay also be tested provided the block and dial gauge canaccommodate size capability and calibration requirements. Iftesting planks longer than 24 in. (610 mm), Te
22、st Method F2421shall be utilized for size measurements greater than 24 in. (610mm).7. Conditioning7.1 A conditioned room maintained at a temperature of73.4 6 1.8 F (23 6 1 C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Side Length, StraightnessKey1 edge 1 A1template 610 by 610 mm2
23、edge 2 A2template 508 by 508 mm3 edge 3 A3template 305 by 305 mm4 edge 4 A4template 229 by 229 mma Within 10 % of the corner of the tile edge.b Within the central 10 % of the tile edge.c Within 10 % of the corner of the tile edge.d Within 10 % of the corner of the tile edgeF2199 1827.2 Conditioning
24、Before Exposure: Condition the specimensat 73.4 6 1.8 F (23 6 1 C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidityfor not less than 24 h prior to starting the test unless otherwisespecified.8. Procedure8.1 Different tile/plank sizes, with respective referenceplates, can be specified provided the size and squarenessa
25、pparatus is designed to handle the testing and measurement ofthe different sizes.8.2 Conditions for MeasurementMeasure the tile speci-men (8.4, 8.5, 8.8, 8.9) in the conditioning room (7.1).8.3 Calibration of Block and Dial Gauge IndicatorsCalibrate the block and dial gauge indicators as indicated i
26、nTest Methods F2055 or F2421, respectively.8.4 Initial Measurements Dimensional Stability:8.4.1 Initial MeasurementPlace the specimen, after con-ditioning (7.2), on the block and dial gauge assembly (5.3) faceup and measure in the machine direction (MD), if identifiable,and the across machine direct
27、ion (AMD), if identifiable,according to the procedure in Test Methods F2055 or F2421.These points shall be marked as reference locations on thespecimen so that the final measurements will be made at thesame exact locations. Three measurements in the acrossmanufacturing direction (AMD) of the floorin
28、g material, andminimum two measurements in the manufacturing (MD)direction are required. For narrow planks (where two measure-ment gauges cannot be utilized for measurements See Fig. 2)take first MD reading then turn sample 180 degrees for secondMD reading. The squareness measurement step is not req
29、uired.8.5 Initial Measurement Curling:8.5.1 Use a feeler gauge and measure the space between thesupport plate and the bottom of the product at the corners. Ifusing feeler gauges, read to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm).An alternative to using feeler gauges is the use of a micrometer(5.5). If using
30、a micrometer, read the height difference from thesurface plate to the top of the specimen at the referencelocations, at the corners, unless otherwise instructed. Read tothe nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). (WarningWhen handlingtest specimens and making measurements, to avoid distortion,do not apply und
31、ue force to the test specimen.8.6 Heat ExposureStart the heat exposure portion of thetest within1hormaking the initial dimensional measurements.8.6.1 Place the tile/plank specimen face up in the exposurerack (5.2) on the aluminum exposure plates. Position the plateson racks in the heated cabinet (5.
32、1)at1806 3.6 F (82 6 2 C)for 6 6 0.25 h (standard default temperature unless otherwisecited in a flooring specification document). Expose the fouropen sides of the rack to the direction of the airflow within thecabinet so that the circulating air passes freely over the tilespecimens.8.6.2 If a diffe
33、rent temperature or time, or both, is utilized,the test sheet must accurately reflect conditions used to test thecurl and dimensional stability. The same tolerances for tem-perature and time, as required for default conditions, wouldapply to any different set of temperature/time conditionsutilized.8
34、.7 Conditioning after ExposureRemove the specimenplate assembly from the oven cabinet (5.1).Allow the assemblyto condition at room temperature (7.1) for at least 24 h. Weargloves when handling the hot aluminum plate.8.8 Final Measurements Curling:8.8.1 After the reconditioning period, measure curlin
35、g asdescribed in 8.6. Determine the curling by measuring thechange in specimen height after the heat exposure and recon-ditioning period, for all four corner locations used for the initialmeasurements, in the same manner curling was initiallymeasured, for each specimen.8.8.2 Record individual curl v
36、alues, as well as maximumvalue for each specimen.8.9 Final Measurements Dimensional Stability:8.9.1 Remove the specimen from the aluminum plate aftermeasuring for curling, and place the specimen on the block anddial gauge assembly (5.1) face up and measure in the acrossFIG. 2 Example Shim Block/Plan
37、k Measurement Set-upF2199 183machine direction (AMD) and the machine direction (MD),according to the procedure in Test Method F2055 or F2421.Make sure the final readings were taken at the exact referencelocations as for the initial readings.8.9.2 On each test specimen, determine the length at each o
38、fthe reference locations. Three measurements in the acrossmanufacturing direction (AMD) of the flooring material, andminimum two measurements in the manufacturing (MD)direction. For very narrow planks take first MD reading thenturn sample 180 degrees for second MD reading.NOTE 1Squareness measuremen
39、ts are not to be taken as part of thedimensional stability determination.9. Calculations9.1 Curling:9.1.1 Calculate the curling value for each sample, in accor-dance with the following equation:Curlingvalue5 Cfinal2 Cinitial! (1)where:Cfinal= Average of the four corner curling height measure-ments a
40、fter heat exposure and reconditioning foreach specimen.Cinitial= Average of the four corner curling height measure-ments prior to heat exposure for each specimen.Final Curlingvalue5 Avg of the two specimens Curlingvalues(2)Final CurlingMax5 Avg of the two Specimens Max Curlingvalues(3)where:Max Curl
41、ingvalue= the maximum value of the four Curl-ingvaluemeasurements, for eachspecimen.9.1.2 Upward curl is expressed as a positive curling anddownward curl is expressed as a negative curling.9.1.3 The curling values are recorded and reported in inchesto the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm).9.2 Dimensional
42、 Stability:9.2.1 Calculate the dimensional stability for each test speci-men (MD andAMD). The initial and final values are expressedseparately.9.2.2 Calculate the mean value for the test specimens.9.2.3 The final AMD average measurements are subtractedfrom initial AMD average measurements. A negativ
43、e valueindicates shrinkage and a positive value indicates growth.9.2.4 The MD and AMD dimensional stability results arecalculated, recorded, and reported as individual measurementson an applicable characteristic chart or report form. The resultscan be expressed in percent(%) or reported directly in
44、mils(mm), depending on how the specification requirements mayrequest data reported.9.3 See calculation for linear dimensional represented as apercentage change:Linear Change% 5FDf2 Di!DiG3100 (4)where:Df= the average final length, andDi= the average initial length.10. Precautions10.1 While no suppor
45、ting data exists, it is important that thealuminum exposure plates for supporting the specimen be keptsmooth and polished so that surface friction does not interferewith free shrinkage or growth of the specimens. The platesmust be flat and free of convex or concave warp.10.2 For any type of block an
46、d dial gauge, care must betaken so that the specimen is properly seated against the basehorizontal index guide when a specific measurement is beingtaken. Specimens with concave or convex edges can easily beread incorrectly.10.3 The zero setting of the multiple dial indicators shouldbe checked prior
47、to, during use (if a large quantity of specimensare to be tested), and at the conclusion of the test (see 8.4).10.4 All foreign matter or loose particles must be removedfrom the edges of the specimen and from the angle between theblock base and the horizontal index guide prior to makingmeasurements.
48、 A simple brush-off by hand of each edge isusually sufficient.10.5 Each dial gauge foot must be flat, no rounded or wornsurfaces.10.6 When making measurements, care must be taken so asnot to apply undue pressure and distort the specimen.10.7 Check horizontal index guide for abrasive wear.10.8 The th
49、ree reference points for measurement (MD andAMD) shall be marked on the face of the tile/plank andmeasured with the face-up on the block and dial gaugeassembly to ensure that any embossing along the edge of thespecimen wear surface will not affect the measurements.10.9 Check that the specimen is placed face-up on thealuminum exposure plate.10.10 Make sure that the dial gauge foot is at the samereference points for both the initial and final measurements.The specimen must be held flat. A domed or curled specimencould be confused with dimensional change.10
