1、Designation: F 2203 02 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forLinear Measurement Using Precision Steel Rule1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of lineardimension of flexible packages and packaging materials. It isrecommen
3、ded for use with an allowable tolerance range of 3mm (18 in.) or greater based on gage repeatability andreproducibility presented in the Precision and Bias section.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Package
4、s, orPackaging Components for TestingE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 linear dimensionthe measurement of length, widthor relative positions.3.1.2 parallax errorthe error resulting from a change inobse
5、rvational relationship to a fixed position. For example,looking at a measurement gage from different angles can causevariation in the reporting of that measurement.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring lineardimensions. Accurate measurement of dimensions can becr
6、itical to meeting specifications and characterizing processperformance.4.2 This test method should not be applied to toleranceranges of less than 3 mm (18 in.) when it is preferable that testerror does not exceed 30 % of tolerance range. See Precisionand Bias Section for gage repeatability and repro
7、ducibilityresults.4.3 This test method does not address acceptability criteria.These need to be jointly determined by the user and producerof the product.5. Apparatus5.1 Precision Steel Rule:5.1.1 Tempered steel rule in increments of164 in., 100ths, or12 mm.5.1.2 Steel rule should be of sufficient l
8、ength to measure fulldimension of interest.5.1.3 It is recommended that a calibration be performed onthe apparatus used and it is certified to a recognized industrystandard.6. Sampling6.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to bepredictive of performance. Caution should be taken whenelim
9、inating samples with defects as this can bias results.6.2 See Practice D 1898 for guidance on sampling practices.7. Conditioning7.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the materialunder evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate,normal, and desirable, then condition the test sp
10、ecimens at 236 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for notless than 24 h prior to test.7.2 See Practice D 4332 for guidance on conditioning prac-tices.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcom
11、mittee F02.20 onPhysical Properties.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 2203 02e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
12、For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.TABLE 1 Description of Materials Measured in Round RobinStudiesMeasurementSetMaterial TypeMeasurementCharacteristicRuler ScalingAppliedA Foil Web Web Width in.B Paper Web W
13、eb Width in.C Spunbonded Olefin Web Web Width mmD Printed Foil Web Print Repeat Length in.E Printed Paper Web Print Repeat Length in.F Printed Spunbonded OlefinWebPrint Repeat Length mmG Forming Film Web Web Width mmH Finished Pouch Dimension A in.I Finished Pouch Dimension B in.J Finished Pouch Dim
14、ension C in.K Finished Pouch Dimension D in.L Finished Pouch Dimension E in.M Finished Pouch Dimension F in.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Procedure8.1 Review applicable specifications, drawings, or proce-dures. S
15、pecify unit of measure to be used and directions relatedto precision requirements (for example, measure to nearest 0.5mm, round up or down to nearest 0.5 mm, to164 in., etc.).Depending upon the level of accuracy and visual acuity, imagemagnification may be an aid.8.2 Lay sample to be measured on fla
16、t surface with suffi-cient color contrast to distinguish the edge of the sample.Sample should lay flat and smooth without wrinkles, creases orfolds. Material should not be under tension when measured.8.3 Lay ruler over product or place product on top of rulerso that the characteristic to be measured
17、 can be clearly viewedand referenced to the ruler. Care should be taken to properlyalign sample to avoid skewing errors. A ruler may be set onedge along the surface rather than laid flat if the risk of parallaxerror is apparent.8.4 Carefully align the starting point of the measurement tothe leading
18、edge of fixed scale division on rule (Fig. 1,Example A). Then measure to the end point of the character-istic. Note the scale division on the ruler that corresponds to theend point of the measurement. Determine the measurement byTABLE 2 Summary of Interlaboratory Results by Measurement SetMeasuremen
19、tSetAveragemmRepeatabilityStandardDeviationsrReproducibilityStandardDeviationsR95 %RepeatabilityLimitr95 %ReproducibilityLimitRA 266.85 0.162 0.204 0.459 0.576B 777.30 0.324 0.424 0.917 1.200C 826.25 0.167 0.267 0.472 0.756D 82.42 0.132 0.199 0.374 0.564E 279.47 0.000 0.162 0.000 0.459F 379.78 0.204
20、 0.319 0.578 0.903G 326.78 0.204 0.387 0.578 1.094H 133.57 0.162 0.253 0.459 0.717I 253.65 0.094 0.284 0.265 0.803J 9.97 0.162 0.280 0.459 0.791K 18.10 0.162 0.204 0.459 0.576L 114.41 0.229 0.339 0.648 0.959M 225.91 0.229 0.298 0.648 0.843TABLE 3 Summary of Interlaboratory Averaged ResultsAverage Te
21、st Value 284.2 mm (11.19 in.)Repeatability (within a laboratory) standard deviation (sr) 0.187 mm (0.0074 in.)95 % repeatability limit (r) 0.528 mm (0.0208 in.)Reproducibility (between laboratories) standarddeviation (sR)0.288 mm (0.0113 in.)95 % reproducibility limit (R) 0.815 mm (0.0321 in.)NOTEEx
22、ample A and Example B begin at the leading edge of fixed scale division on rule at a point within the scale, at 1 in. or 10 mm, for example.FIG. 1 Proper Alignment to Ruler Scale DivisionsF 2203 02 (2007)2subtracting the start point measurement from the end point.Record the number in the unit of mea
23、sure and precisionrequired by specification.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Lot number and source of material, date, time, loca-tion and operator of test and complete identification of mate-rials being tested,9.1.2 Any conditioning of the materials,9.1.3 Any and all deviations fr
24、om standard, and9.1.4 The sampling plan and number of specimens testedalong with test results.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionA research report4describes a round robinconducted in 2001 in accordance with Practice E 691, involv-ing seven laboratories measuring 13 dimensional attributes offive pac
25、kaging materials. Materials and measurement attributesare listed in Table 1. Measurements taken included use of steelrules scaled in inch and millimetre divisions. Statistical sum-maries of repeatability (within a laboratory) and reproducibility(between laboratories) are listed in Tables 2 and 3. Al
26、l testresults are expressed in SI millimetre (mm) units of measure.10.2 Concept of “r” and “R” in Tables 1 and 2If SrandSRhave been calculated from a large enough body of data, andfor test results that are averages from testing 3 specimens foreach test result, then the following applies:10.3 Repeata
27、bility “r” is the interval representing the criti-cal difference between two test results for the same material,obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on thesame day in the same laboratory. Two test results shall bejudged to be not equivalent if they differ by more than the “r”value
28、for that material, in this instance approximately 0.528mm. That is, it can be expected that the same operatormeasuring the same sample may obtain a reading that varies byup to 0.528 mm (0.0208 or approximately164 in.).10.4 Reproducibility “R” is the interval representing thecritical difference betwe
29、en two test results for the samematerial, obtained by different operators using different equip-ment in different laboratories, not necessarily on the same day.Two test results shall be judged to be not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “R” value for that material, in thisinstance approximat
30、ely 0.815 mm. That is, it can be expectedthat different operators using different equipment in differentlaboratories may obtain readings that vary by up to 0.815 mm(0.0320 or approximately132 in.).10.5 Any judgment in accordance with 10.3 or 10.4 willhave approximately 95 % (0.95) probability of bei
31、ng correct.10.6 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which toestimate the bias of this test method.11. Keywords11.1 dimension; linear measurement; rule; scaleASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this st
32、andard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be rev
33、iewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsi
34、ble technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
35、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4A research report is available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:F021017.F 2203 02 (2007)3
