1、Designation: F2203 02 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forLinear Measurement Using Precision Steel Rule1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of lineardimension of flexible packages and packaging materials. It isrecommended
3、 for use with an allowable tolerance range of 3mm (18 in.) or greater based on gage repeatability andreproducibility presented in the Precision and Bias section.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3D4332 Practice for Conditioning Contain
4、ers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 linear dimensionthe measurement of length, widthor relative positions.3.1.2 parallax errorthe error resulting from a ch
5、ange inobservational relationship to a fixed position. For example,looking at a measurement gage from different angles can causevariation in the reporting of that measurement.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring lineardimensions. Accurate measurement of dimensio
6、ns can becritical to meeting specifications and characterizing processperformance.4.2 This test method should not be applied to toleranceranges of less than 3 mm (18 in.) when it is preferable that testerror does not exceed 30 % of tolerance range. See Precisionand Bias Section for gage repeatabilit
7、y and reproducibilityresults.4.3 This test method does not address acceptability criteria.These need to be jointly determined by the user and producerof the product.5. Apparatus5.1 Precision Steel Rule:5.1.1 Tempered steel rule in increments of164 in., 100ths, or12 mm.5.1.2 Steel rule should be of s
8、ufficient length to measure fulldimension of interest.5.1.3 It is recommended that a calibration be performed onthe apparatus used and it is certified to a recognized industrystandard.6. Sampling6.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to bepredictive of performance. Caution should be tak
9、en wheneliminating samples with defects as this can bias results.6.2 See Practice D1898 for guidance on sampling practices.7. Conditioning7.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the materialunder evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate,normal, and desirable, then condition t
10、he test specimens at 236 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for notless than 24 h prior to test.7.2 See Practice D4332 for guidance on conditioning prac-tices.8. Procedure8.1 Review applicable specifications, drawings, or proce-dures. Specify unit of measure to be used and directions re
11、latedto precision requirements (for example, measure to nearest 0.5mm, round up or down to nearest 0.5 mm, to164 in., etc.).Depending upon the level of accuracy and visual acuity, imagemagnification may be an aid.8.2 Lay sample to be measured on flat surface with suffi-cient color contrast to distin
12、guish the edge of the sample.Sample should lay flat and smooth without wrinkles, creases orfolds. Material should not be under tension when measured.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20
13、onPhysical Properties.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2203 02 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/F2203-02R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service a
14、t serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
15、ken, PA 19428-2959. United States18.3 Lay ruler over product or place product on top of rulerso that the characteristic to be measured can be clearly viewedand referenced to the ruler. Care should be taken to properlyalign sample to avoid skewing errors. A ruler may be set onedge along the surface r
16、ather than laid flat if the risk of parallaxerror is apparent.8.4 Carefully align the starting point of the measurement tothe leading edge of fixed scale division on rule (Fig. 1,Example A). Then measure to the end point of the character-istic. Note the scale division on the ruler that corresponds t
17、o theend point of the measurement. Determine the measurement bysubtracting the start point measurement from the end point.Record the number in the unit of measure and precisionrequired by specification.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Lot number and source of material, date, time,
18、 loca-tion and operator of test and complete identification of mate-rials being tested,9.1.2 Any conditioning of the materials,9.1.3 Any and all deviations from standard, and9.1.4 The sampling plan and number of specimens testedalong with test results.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionA research r
19、eport4describes a round robinconducted in 2001 in accordance with Practice E691, involvingseven laboratories measuring 13 dimensional attributes of fivepackaging materials. Materials and measurement attributes arelisted in Table 1. Measurements taken included use of steelrules scaled in inch and mil
20、limetre divisions. Statistical sum-maries of repeatability (within a laboratory) and reproducibility(between laboratories) are listed in Tables 2 and 3. All testresults are expressed in SI millimetre (mm) units of measure.10.2 Concept of “r” and “R” in Tables 1 and 2If SrandSRhave been calculated fr
21、om a large enough body of data, andfor test results that are averages from testing 3 specimens foreach test result, then the following applies:10.3 Repeatability “r” is the interval representing the criti-cal difference between two test results for the same material,obtained by the same operator usi
22、ng the same equipment on thesame day in the same laboratory. Two test results shall bejudged to be not equivalent if they differ by more than the “r”value for that material, in this instance approximately 0.528mm. That is, it can be expected that the same operatormeasuring the same sample may obtain
23、 a reading that varies byup to 0.528 mm (0.0208 or approximately164 in.).10.4 Reproducibility “R” is the interval representing thecritical difference between two test results for the samematerial, obtained by different operators using different equip-ment in different laboratories, not necessarily o
24、n the same day.Two test results shall be judged to be not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “R” value for that material, in thisinstance approximately 0.815 mm. That is, it can be expectedthat different operators using different equipment in differentlaboratories may obtain readings that var
25、y by up to 0.815 mm(0.0320 or approximately132 in.).10.5 Any judgment in accordance with 10.3 or 10.4 willhave approximately 95 % (0.95) probability of being correct.10.6 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which toestimate the bias of this test method.11. Keywords11.1 dimension; linear measure
26、ment; rule; scale4A research report is available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:F02-1017.TABLE 1 Description of Materials Measured in Round RobinStudiesMeasurementSetMaterial TypeMeasurementCharacteristicRuler ScalingAppliedA Foil Web Web Width in.B Paper Web Web Width in.C Spunbond
27、ed Olefin Web Web Width mmD Printed Foil Web Print Repeat Length in.E Printed Paper Web Print Repeat Length in.F Printed Spunbonded OlefinWebPrint Repeat Length mmG Forming Film Web Web Width mmH Finished Pouch Dimension A in.I Finished Pouch Dimension B in.J Finished Pouch Dimension C in.K Finished
28、 Pouch Dimension D in.L Finished Pouch Dimension E in.M Finished Pouch Dimension F in.F2203 02 (2012)2TABLE 2 Summary of Interlaboratory Results by Measurement SetMeasurementSetAveragemmRepeatabilityStandardDeviationsrReproducibilityStandardDeviationsR95 %RepeatabilityLimitr95 %ReproducibilityLimitR
29、A 266.85 0.162 0.204 0.459 0.576B 777.30 0.324 0.424 0.917 1.200C 826.25 0.167 0.267 0.472 0.756D 82.42 0.132 0.199 0.374 0.564E 279.47 0.000 0.162 0.000 0.459F 379.78 0.204 0.319 0.578 0.903G 326.78 0.204 0.387 0.578 1.094H 133.57 0.162 0.253 0.459 0.717I 253.65 0.094 0.284 0.265 0.803J 9.97 0.162
30、0.280 0.459 0.791K 18.10 0.162 0.204 0.459 0.576L 114.41 0.229 0.339 0.648 0.959M 225.91 0.229 0.298 0.648 0.843NOTE 1Example A and Example B begin at the leading edge of fixed scale division on rule at a point within the scale, at 1 in. or 10 mm, for example.FIG. 1 Proper Alignment to Ruler Scale D
31、ivisionsTABLE 3 Summary of Interlaboratory Averaged ResultsAverage Test Value 284.2 mm (11.19 in.)Repeatability (within a laboratory)standard deviation (sr)0.187 mm (0.0074 in.)95 % repeatability limit (r) 0.528 mm (0.0208 in.)Reproducibility (between laboratories)standarddeviation (sR)0.288 mm (0.0
32、113 in.)95 % reproducibility limit (R) 0.815 mm (0.0321 in.)F2203 02 (2012)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validit
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