1、Designation: F 2212 08e1Standard Guide forCharacterization of Type I Collagen as Starting Material forSurgical Implants and Substrates for Tissue EngineeredMedical Products (TEMPs)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2212; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEMercury warning was editorially added in April 2008.I
3、NTRODUCTIONCollagen-based medical products are becoming more prevalent, especially in the area of soft tissueaugmentation. The use of collagen in surgery dates back to the late 1800s, with the use of catgutsutures, human cadaveric skin, and fascia. More recently, collagen has been used in hemostatic
4、sponges, dermal equivalents, injectables for soft tissue augmentation, as a matrix for cell-basedproducts and as a vehicle for drug delivery. It is because of the versatility of collagen in medicalapplications that specific characterizations should be performed as a way to compare materials.1. Scope
5、1.1 This guide for characterizing collagen-containing bio-materials is intended to provide characteristics, properties, andtest methods for use by producers, manufacturers, and re-searchers to more clearly identify the specific collagen mate-rials used. With greater than 20 types of collagen and the
6、different properties of each, a single document would becumbersome. This guide will focus on the characterization ofType I collagen, which is the most abundant collagen inmammals, especially in skin and bone. Collagen isolated fromthese sources may contain other types of collagen, for example,Type I
7、II and Type V. This guide does not provide specificparameters for any collagen product or mix of products or theacceptability of those products for the intended use. Thecollagen may be from any source, including, but not limited toanimal or cadaveric sources, human cell culture, or recombi-nant sour
8、ces. The biological, immunological, or toxicologicalproperties of the collagen may vary depending on the sourcematerial. The properties of the collagen prepared from each ofthe above sources must be thoroughly investigated, as thechanges in the collagen properties as a function of sourcematerials is
9、 not thoroughly understood. This guide is intendedto focus on purified Type I collagen as a starting material forsurgical implants and substrates for tissue engineered medicalproducts (TEMPs); some methods may not be applicable forgelatin nor for tissue implants. This guide may serve as atemplate fo
10、r characterization of other types of collagen.1.2 The biological response to collagen in soft tissue hasbeen well documented by a history of clinical use (1, 2)2andlaboratory studies (3, 4, 5, 6). Biocompatibility and appropri-ateness of use for a specific application(s) is the responsibilityof the
11、product manufacturer.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by EPA andmany state agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury
12、andmercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website(http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibit
13、ed bystate law.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 5, of this guide. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical andSurgical Materials and Device
14、s and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF04.42 on Biomaterials and Biomolecules for TEMPs.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 2212 02 (2007)e1.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the
15、list of references at the end ofthis standard.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 20 02:07:02 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreeme
16、nt. No further reproductions authorized.associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory requirementsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 1298 Guide for
17、 Determination of Purity, Impurities, andContaminants in Biological Drug ProductsF 619 Practice for Extraction of Medical PlasticsF 720 Practice for Testing Guinea Pigs for Contact Aller-gens: Guinea Pig Maximization TestF 748 Practice for Selecting Generic Biological Test Meth-ods for Materials and
18、 DevicesF 749 Practice for Evaluating Material Extracts by Intracu-taneous Injection in the RabbitF 756 Practice for Assessment of Hemolytic Properties ofMaterialsF 763 Practice for Short-Term Screening of Implant Mate-rialsF 813 Practice for Direct Contact Cell Culture Evaluation ofMaterials for Me
19、dical DevicesF 895 Test Method for Agar Diffusion Cell Culture Screen-ing for CytotoxicityF 981 Practice for Assessment of Compatibility of Bioma-terials for Surgical Implants with Respect to Effect ofMaterials on Muscle and BoneF 1251 Terminology Relating to Polymeric Biomaterials inMedical and Sur
20、gical DevicesF 1439 Guide for Performance of Lifetime Bioassay for theTumorigenic Potential of Implant MaterialsF 1903 Practice for Testing For Biological Responses toParticles in vitroF 1904 Practice for Testing the Biological Responses toParticles in vivoF 1905 Practice For Selecting Tests for Det
21、ermining thePropensity of Materials to Cause ImmunotoxicityF 1906 Practice for Evaluation of Immune Responses InBiocompatibility Testing Using ELISA Tests, LymphocyteProliferation, and Cell MigrationF 1983 Practice for Assessment of Compatibility ofAbsorbable/Resorbable Biomaterials for Implant Appl
22、ica-tionsF 2148 Practice for Evaluation of Delayed Contact Hyper-sensitivity Using the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay(LLNA)2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 109931 Biological Evaluation of Medical DevicesPart 1: Evaluation and TestingISO 109933 Tests for Genotoxicity, Carcinogenicity andReproductive ToxicityISO
23、 109939 Framework for Identification and Quantifica-tion of Potential Degradation ProductsISO 1099310 Biological Evaluation of Medical DevicesPart 10: Tests for Irritation and Delayed-Type Hypersen-sitivityISO 1099317 Methods for Establishment of AllowableLimits for Leachable Substances Using Health
24、-BasedRisk AssessmentISO 134081 Aseptic Processing of Health Care ProductsPart 1: General RequirementsISO 14971 Medical DevicesApplication of Risk Manage-ment to Medical Devices2.3 EN (European Norm) Documents:5EN 124421 Animal Tissues and their Derivatives Utilizedin the Manufacture of Medical Devi
25、cesPart 1: Analysisand Management of RiskEN 124422 Controls on Sourcing, Collection and Han-dlingEN 124423 Validation of the Elimination and/or Inactiva-tion of Virus and Transmissible Agents2.4 U. S. and European Pharmacopeia Documents:6United States Pharmacopeia (USP), Edition XXX (30)USP 30/NF 19
26、 Viral Safety Evaluation of BiotechnologyProducts Derived from Cell Lines of Human or AnimalOriginEuropean Pharmacopeia 5.02.5 Code of Federal Regulations:721 CFR 312 Investigational New Drug Application21 CFR Part 820 Quality System RegulationFederal Register Vol. 43, No. 141, Friday, July 21, 1978
27、21 CFR Parts 207, 807, and 1271 Human Cells, Tissues andCellular and Tissue-Based Products, Establishment Reg-istration and ListingFederal Register, Vol. 66, No. 13, Jan 19, 2001/Rules andRegulations, p. 5447Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 8, Jan. 12, 2007, pp.15811619, Proposed Rule: Use of Material
28、s Derivedfrom Cattle in Medical Products Intended for Use inHumans and Drugs Intended for Use in Ruminants21 CFR Part 1271, Part C Suitability Determination forDonors of Human Cell and Tissue-based Products, Pro-posed RuleCurrent Good Tissue Practice for Manufacturers of HumanCellular and Tissue-Bas
29、ed Products, Inspection and En-forcement. Proposed Rule. Federal Register/Vol. 66, No.5/January 8, 2001/Proposed Rules, pp. 1552-1559Guidance for Screening and Testing of Donors of HumanTissue Intended for Transplantation, Availability. FederalRegister/Vol. 62, No. 145/July 29, 1997/NoticesDraftGuid
30、ance for Preclinical and Clinical Investigations ofUrethral Bulking Agents used in the Treatment of Urinary3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
31、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.5Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue deStassart, B-1050, Brussels, Be
32、lgium, http:/www.cenorm.be.6Available from U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville,MD 20852-1790, http:/www.usp.org.7Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.F22
33、1208e12Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Mon Oct 20 02:07:02 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.Incontinence. November 29, 1995. (ODE/DRARD/ULDB), Document No. 850Guidance for Industry and for FDA Reviewers, Me
34、dicalDevices Containing Materials Derived from AnimalSources (Except for In Vitro Diagnostic Devices), Novem-ber 6, 1998, U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices, Food and Drug Administration, Center for De-vices and Radiological HealthCFR 610.13(b) Rabbit Pyrogen Assay2.6 ICH Documents:8ICH M3
35、Guidance for Industry M3 Nonclinical SafetyStudies for the Conduct of Human Clinical Trials forPharmaceuticals 62 FR 62922 (1997)ICH S2A Guideline for Industry S2A Specific Aspects ofRegulatory Genotoxicity Tests for Pharmaceuticals. 61 FR18199 (1996)ICH S2B Guidance for Industry S2B Genotoxicity: A
36、 Stan-dard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing of Pharmaceuticals62 FR 62472 (1997)ICH S5A Guideline for Industry S5A Detection of Toxicityto Reproduction for Medicinal Products. 59 FR 48746(1994)ICH S5B Guidance for Industry S5B Detection of Toxicityto Reproduction for Medicinal Products: Addendum onT
37、oxicity to Male Fertility. 61 FR 15360 (1996)ICH S1A Guideline for Industry S1A The Need for Long-term Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals.61 FR 8153 (1996)ICH S1B Guidance for Industry S1B Testing for Carcino-genicity of Pharmaceuticals. 63 FR 8983 (1998)ICH S1C Guideline for Industry
38、 S1C Dose Selection forCarcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals. 60 FR 11278(1995)ICH S1C(R) Guidance for Industry Addendum to DoseSelection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals:Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes. 62 FR 64259(1997)ICH Q1AICH Harmonized Tripartite Guidance for Sta
39、bilityTesting of New Drug Substances and Products (September23, 1994)U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA and Committeefor Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP), 1998 Inter-national Conference on Harmonization (ICH), Quality ofBiotechnological Products: Viral Safety Evaluation ofBiotechnology Prod
40、ucts Derived from Cell Lines of Hu-man or Animal Origin, Consensus Guideline ICH ViralSafety Document: Step 52.7 FDA Documents:9FDA Guideline on Validation of the Limulus AmebocyteTest as an End-Product Endotoxin Test for Human andAnimal Parenteral Drugs, Biological Products and Health-care Products
41、, DHHS, December 1987U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center forBiologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), 1993 Pointsto Consider in the Characterization of Cell Lines Used toProduce BiologicalsU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center forBiologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), 1997 Poi
42、ntsto Consider in the Manufacture and Testing of MonoclonalAntibody Products for Human Use, 94D-0259FDA Interim Guidance for Human and Veterinary DrugProducts and Biologicals, Kinetic LAL techniques,DHHS, July 15, 19912.8 AAMI Documents:10ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11737-1: 2006 Sterilization of MedicalDevicesMi
43、crobiological MethodsPart 1: Estimationof Bioburden on ProductANSI/AAMI/ISO 11737-2: 1998 Sterilization of MedicalDevicesMicrobiological MethodsPart 2: Tests of Ste-rility Performed in the Validation of a Sterilization ProcessAAMI TIR No. 19-1998 Guidance for ANSI/AAMI/ISO10993-7: 1995, Biological E
44、valuation of MedicalDevicesPart 7: Ethylene Oxide Sterilization ResidualsAAMI/ISO 14160-1998 Sterilization of Single-Use MedicalDevices Incorporating Materials of Animal OriginValidation and Routine Control of Sterilization by LiquidChemical SterilantsAAMI ST67/CDV-2: 1999 Sterilization of MedicalDe
45、vicesRequirements for Products Labeled “Sterile”2.9 Other References:Draft Guidance for Preclinical and Clinical Investigations ofUrethral BulkingAgents Used in the Treatment of UrinaryIncontinence, November 29, 1995. (ODE/DRARD/ULDB), Document No. 85011Council Directive 93/42/EEC, with Respect to M
46、edicalDevices Using Tissues of Animal Origin12Commission Directive 2003/32/EC, with Respect to Medi-cal Devices Manufactured Using Tissues of Animal Ori-gin12EMEA/410/01-rev.2, Committee for Proprietary MedicalProducts, Note for Guidance on Minimizing the Risk ofTransmitting Animal Spongiform Enceph
47、alopathy Agentsvia Human and Veterinary Medical Products13The European Agency for the Evaluation of MedicinalProducts, (EMEA), Committee for Proprietary MedicinalProducts (CPMP) Guidance Document for Decision Treesfor the Selection of Sterilisation Methods (CPMP/QWP/054/98 corr 2000) and Annex to No
48、te for Guidance on8Available from International Conference on Harmonisation of TechnicalRequirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH), ICHSecretariat, c/o IFPMA, 15 ch. Louis-Dunant, P.O. Box 195, 1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland, http:/www.ich.org.9Available from Food and Drug Admi
49、nistration (FDA), 5600 Fishers Ln.,Rockville, MD 20857, http:/www.fda.gov.10Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, 1110 N. GlebeRd., Suite 220, Arlington, VA 222014795.11Available from the FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857. http:/www.fda.gov/cdrh/ode/oderp850.html.12Available from Office for Official Publications of the EuropeanCommunitiesEuropean Law, 2, rue Mercier, L-2985, Luxembourg, http:/eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm.13Available from European Medicines Agency (EMEA), 7 Westferry Circus,Canary Wharf, London E1
