1、Designation: F2247 11Standard Test Method forMetal Doors Used in Blast Resistant Applications(Equivalent Static Load Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the structural performance ofmetal doors and frames and their restraining hardwar
3、e (such aslatches and hinges) used as a blast resistant barrier. Thismethod involves applying an equivalent static pressure basedon the characteristics of the specified blast pressure andstructural properties of the door panel design.1.2 The static tests are valid for the unit size tested or forsmal
4、ler units of analogous construction. Extrapolation of testresults for units larger than the test specimen are not permitted.1.3 This standard test method is not applicable to testswhere the forces are created by explosive charges, forced airfrom a shock tube apparatus, or any other method used togen
5、erate a dynamic load.1.4 The proper use of this method requires knowledge of theprinciples of pressure, deflection, and when applicable, straingauge measurement.1.5 Using this method, specimens may be tested to deter-mine ultimate static capacity or tested to specific static testloads.1.5.1 Procedur
6、e A shall be used when a load-deflectioncurve is not required and a single load is applied.1.5.2 Procedure B shall be used when a load-deflectioncurve is required and a single or multiple loads are applied.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values provided in pa
7、renthesis are for informa-tion only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limi
8、tations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E330 Test Method for Structural Performance of ExteriorWindows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by UniformStatic Air Pressure Difference2.2 Other Standard:UFC 3-340-02 Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC), Structuresto Resist the Effect
9、s of Accidental Explosions33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 metal doora term used in reference to doors whichare built from steel sheets, internally stiffened with cold-formed shapes or structural steel shapes. Materials can becarbon or stainless steel. The materials may be joined togetherby any
10、fabrication technique (that is, welding, bolting, struc-tural adhesive, etc.). The material voids may be filled withinsulation.3.1.2 permanent deformationthe permanent displacementfrom an original position that remains after an applied load hasbeen removed. Measured in millimetres (mm) (inches (in.)
11、.3.1.3 reboundstress reversal in the material of the door.3.1.4 seating pressurean applied pressure that causes thedoor panel to seat against the frame that is expressed in pascals(Pa) (pounds-force per square foot (psf) or pounds-force persquare inch (psi).3.1.5 specifierindividual or party request
12、ing that a metaldoor assembly meet specific blast resistance criteria.3.1.6 specimenthe entire assembly unit submitted for testas described in Section 6.3.1.7 steady state pressurea test pressure held for aminimum of 3 min.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security
13、Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 onSystems Products and Services.Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2247 03 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/F2247-11.2For referenced ASTM
14、 standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Institute of Building Sciences, 1090 Vermont Avenue,NW,
15、Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005, http:/www.wbdg.org/index.php.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.8 test directorthe individual identified as being re-sponsible to complete the specified tests as required and todocume
16、nt the results.3.1.9 test loadthe specified static pressure differential(positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,expressed in pascals (Pa) (pounds-force per square foot (psf) orpounds-force per square inch (psi).3.1.10 ultimate loadthe pressure (positive or negative) atwhich fai
17、lure of the specimen occurs expressed in Pa (psf orpsi).3.1.11 unseating pressurean applied pressure that tendsthe door panel to unseat from the frame so that the doorreactions must be resisted by the restraining hardware, that isexpressed in pascals (Pa) (pounds-force per square foot (psf) orpounds
18、-force per square inch (psi).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimeninto or against one face of a test chamber, supplying air to thechamber at a ratio required to maintain the test pressuredifference across the specimen, and observing, measuring, andrecord
19、ing the deflection, deformations, stresses (if recorded),and nature of any failures of principal or critical members orthe entire specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 Blast resistant doors are designed to protect against theproblems and dangers created by a planned or accidentalexplosion or pressure
20、leak. This test method will providereasonable assurance to the specifier of the reliability of adoors structure, the restraining hardware, the frame, and theframe anchors when used in a blast resistant application.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 ConstructionThe door panel shall meet the generaldefinition
21、 of a metal door as outlined in 3.1.1. The test methodis general and does not limit the door manufacturer to a specificdoor panel construction or fabrication process. Ultimately, thedesign of the door panel is based upon the target pressure ratingestablished by the specifier or door manufacturer.6.1
22、.1 The size of the specimen (door panel and frame) shallbe representative or larger than the application under investi-gation.6.1.2 Configuration and spacing of the door panels internalstiffeners will be as designed by the specifier or the doormanufacturer. Space between stiffeners may be filled wit
23、hinsulation.6.1.3 The typical door panel shall be considered as a threeside supported, one edge free loading condition for a seatingload case. Generally, the bottom edge of the door panel is free(no structural threshold). If the door assembly does have astructural threshold, the door panel may be co
24、nsidered as a fourside supported condition for a seating load case. The door panelis supported by the restraining hardware during the unseatingload case. The door panel will be attached to the frame with thesame quantity and size of hinge fasteners that the specifier orthe door manufacturer intends
25、to use in the actual doorinstallation. The door frame will be attached to the test fixtureusing the same quantity, size, and spacing of fasteners oranchors that the specifier or door manufacturer intends to usein the actual door installation.7. Apparatus7.1 Equipment capable of performing the test p
26、roceduredescribed in this standard within the allowable tolerances isacceptable. Figures 1 through 4 are examples of apparatuslayout.7.2 Major Components:7.2.1 Test ChamberA chamber or box with an openingand a removable mounting panel, into which the specimen isinstalled.At least one pressure tap sh
27、all be provided to measurethe chamber pressure and shall be so located that the reading isunaffected by the velocity of the fluid supply to or from thechamber or any other fluid movement. A means of access ispermitted to be provided to facilitate adjustments and obser-vations after the specimen is i
28、nstalled. The test chamber mustnot deflect under the test load in such a manner that theperformance of the specimen will be affected.7.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower or a compressedair supply, designed to provide the required air-pressuredifference across the specimen. The system shall provide
29、aconstant air pressure difference for the duration of the test.7.2.3 Combined Air/Water SystemA combined air andwater (fluid) system (See Fig. 1).7.2.4 Pressure-Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe test pressure difference with accuracy of 62 % of thereading over the full range of test pressure
30、s.7.2.5 Deflection-Measuring SystemA means of measuringdeflections with an accuracy of 60.25 mm (60.01 in.).7.2.5.1 For Procedure A (see 10.2), any locations at whichdeflections are to be measured shall be stated by the Specifieror the Test Director. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggested locations.7.2.5.2
31、 For Procedure B (see 10.3), any locations at whichdeflections are to be measured shall be stated by the Specifieror the Test Director. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggested locations.7.2.5.3 Deflection measurements shall be independent ofmovements of, or movements within, the specimen or membersupports.7
32、.2.6 If desired, strain gauges to measure strain shall bemounted on the side of the door panel in tension. Strain gaugesare attached to the tension side of the door panel. They are tobe mounted in accordance with the strain gauge manufacturersinstructions.7.2.6.1 The location of the gauges are to be
33、 determined bythe specifier or the door manufacturer and they shall be placedwhere the greatest changes in strain are anticipated, typically atthe points of greatest flexure. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggestedlocations.8. Hazards8.1 Proper care must be taken for the possibility of a failure.The system
34、used in this test method contains considerablestored energy and constitutes a hazard. The testing apparatusshall be equipped with a method to restrain the specimen in theevent of failure. The restraint method shall not interfere withthe test nor the results of the test.F2247 1129. Calibration9.1 Pre
35、ssure Gage, deflection-measuring devices, and straingauges shall be calibrated prior to testing to make certain thedevices are within specifications and requirements (see 7.2.4and 7.2.5). Calibration of test equipment shall be in accordancewith the manufacturers recommendations and to a nationalreco
36、gnized standard.10. Required Information10.1 The following information shall be supplied by thespecifier:10.2 Procedure ASingle Loading with no DeflectionCurve:10.2.1 Performance criteria and the number and gage loca-tion.10.2.2 The blast duration defined as the time intervalbetween time of arrival
37、of the blast wave at a given locationand the time for the magnitude of the pressure to return toambient pressure. See Annex A1 for example of converting adynamic pressure into an equivalent static load.10.2.3 The permitted damage level category in accordancewith Section 11.10.2.4 The number and loca
38、tion of deflection and, if appli-cable, strain gages.10.3 Procedure BSingle or Multiple Loading with Deflec-tion Curve:10.3.1 Same as 10.2.1-10.2.4, additionally:10.3.2 The number of load cycles at which deflection andstress-strain measurements are required.10.3.3 The number and location of required
39、 deflection andstrain gages (if desired).11. Acceptance Criteria11.1 Acceptance of the door is based on the end use of thedoor. The door is classified into one of four damage levelcategories. The criterion and acceptance for each category is:11.1.1 Category IThe specimen is unchanged (no perma-nent
40、deformation) after the loading incident and the door isfully operable. The specimen remains intact and respondselastically.FIG. 1 Schematic of Test ArrangementF2247 11311.1.1.1 Acceptance:(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that thedeflection gages have returned to zero reading with a t
41、oleranceof +2 mm (564 in.).(2) Verify that the door is operable by unlatching the doorand swinging the panel.(3) If strain gages are used, check that the recorded stressesare within acceptable limits of door material.(4) Verify that the door can be latched.(5) Verify that the external portions of th
42、e latch and hingeshave not suffered any permanent set.FIG. 2 Test Fixture ElevationUnseating Load CaseF2247 11411.1.2 Category IIThe door is operable but measurable;permanent deformation to the door panel exceeding the toler-ance listed in 11.1.1.1 has been experienced. The specimenremains as an int
43、egral system.11.1.2.1 Acceptance:(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that themeasurable deformation is acceptable to the end use of thedoor.FIG. 3 Test Fixture ElevationSeating Load CaseF2247 115(2) Verify that the specimen remains an integral system.(3) If strain gages are used, check
44、that the recorded stressesare within acceptable limits of door material.(4) Verify that the door is operable by unlatching the doorand swinging the panel.11.1.3 Category IIINon-catastrophic failure. No struc-tural failure occurs to the specimen that prevents the specimenfrom providing a barrier to b
45、last wave propagation. However,the specimen is permanently deformed and the door panel isinoperable.11.1.3.1 Acceptance:(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that themeasurable deformation is acceptable to the end use of thedoor.(2) Verify that the specimen remains an integral system.11.1
46、.4 Category IVThe door panel is severely deformed.For a seating load test, the deformation of the door panel mustbe limited to a level that does not cause the door panel to beforced through the door frame opening. For an unseating loadtest, the latching mechanism is permitted to fail, allowing thedo
47、or to swing open; however, the door panel shall remainsupported by the hinges and it is evident that the door panelwill not become a flying debris hazard.11.1.4.1 Acceptance:(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that themeasurable deformation is acceptable to the end use of thedoor.(2) Ve
48、rify that the specimen remains an integral system andthere has been no flying debris hazards.11.2 The frame anchorage connections shall not fail in shearor tension. Limited permanent deformation in the anchors ispermitted for Categories II, III, and IV.11.2.1 In applying the results of tests by this
49、 method,consideration must be given that performance of the doorassembly, of the wall or its components, or both, may be afunction of fabrication, installation, and adjustment, and thatthe test specimen is or is not truly representative the actualstructure. In service, the performance depends on the rigidity ofsupporting construction and on the resistance of components todeterioration by various causes.12. Procedure12.1 The door shall be installed in the test fixture as shownin Figs. 4 and 5 for an unseating load case and as shown inFigs. 6 a
