1、Designation: F 2250 03Standard Practice forEvaluation of Chemical Resistance of Printed Inks andCoatings on Flexible Packaging Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2250; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedure for evaluating theability of an ink, overprint varnis
3、h or coating to withstandchemical exposure. Typical chemicals, which may come incontact with the package, include water, alcohol, acid, etc. Thespecific chemical and method of choice as well as determina-tion of measurement outcome are left to users to agree upon injoint discussion. Suggestions for
4、ways to measure and collectinformation are offered in the various methods listed in thispractice.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
5、practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for Testing3. Significance and Use3.1 Packaging material
6、s may be exposed to chemicals suchas water, alcohol, acid, etc. during their life cycle. If it isanticipated that the packaging material will be exposed to achemical, it is important that the ink or coating, or both, notdegrade, soften, or dissolve as a result of that contact.3.2 The testing include
7、d in this practice is applicable tosurface printed and coated materials designed to be resistant toa specific chemical.3.3 The chemicals to be tested should be compatible with(that is, not damage or degrade) the substrate being printed orcoated, or both.3.4 There are four separate methods detailed i
8、n this practice.The methods represent increasing degrees of severity fromMethod A to Method D. Selection of method should be basedon the type of exposure anticipated. For example, the pouringmethod (MethodA) is typically used where incidental exposureis anticipated, such as a spill or splash of chem
9、ical on thematerial surface. Method B or C is typically used whenchemical resistance is desired depending on the level ofexposure (B) and abrasion (C) anticipated. Method D wouldrepresent continual contact between the chemical and materialand would need to be chemical-proof, (for example, if thepack
10、age were to be submerged in the chemical and exposed toabrasion over a period of time.)3.5 This practice does not address acceptability criteria.These need to be jointly determined by the user and producerof the product, based on the type of exposure that is antici-pated.4. Apparatus4.1 Method A App
11、aratus:4.1.1 Inclined plane capable of holding material at approxi-mately a 45-degree angle, allowing chemical to be tested toflow easily downward.4.1.2 Small pouring container or syringe of chemical to betested.4.2 Method B Apparatus:4.2.1 Watch glass, sized to cover sample to be tested andeasily h
12、andled.4.2.2 Small pouring container or syringe of chemical to betested.4.2.3 Timing device.4.2.4 Absorbent material.4.3 Method C Apparatus:4.3.1 Cotton swab.4.3.2 Container of chemical to be tested.4.4 Method D Apparatus:4.4.1 Watch glass, sized to cover sample to be tested andeasily handled.1This
13、practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 onPhysical Properties.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published December 2003.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orc
14、ontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4.2 Sm
15、all pouring container or syringe of chemical to betested.4.4.3 Timing device.4.4.4 Wipe or cotton swab.5. Sampling5.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to bepredictive of performance. Caution should be taken wheneliminating samples with defects as this can bias results.5.2 See Practice
16、 D 1898 for guidance on standard samplingpractices.6. Conditioning6.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the materialunder evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate,normal, and desirable, then condition the test specimens at 236 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5% RH for not less th
17、an 24 hprior to test.6.2 Before testing catalyzed or cured inks or coatings,ensure that the samples have been exposed to the appropriateconditions for sufficient time to allow complete cure.6.3 See Practice D 4332 for guidance on conditioning prac-tices.7. Procedure7.1 Method APouring Method:7.1.1 C
18、ut sample to be tested. Cut a sample of the materialin the area of interest, approximately 13 by 13 cm or 5 by 5 in.To test larger printed or coated areas, or both, multiple samplesmay need to be cut.7.1.2 Attach sample to inclined plane (approximate 45-degree angle) Position so that the applied che
19、mical does notpool on the test area. When attaching the sample take care thatit is smooth without wrinkles, creases, or folds. The surface tobe evaluated (the printed or coated side, or both) should befacing up.7.1.3 Pour or squirt the chemical along the elevated edge ofsample, so that it covers and
20、 runs over the entire area of thesample.7.1.4 Examine the printed or coated sample, or both, for anyrunning, smearing, or discoloration. Also look at the runoffpooled chemical for any discoloration.7.1.5 Record results in user specified format. For example,results may be recorded as pass (no change)
21、/fail or as a degreeor percentage of damage.7.2 Method BTimed Exposure Method:7.2.1 Cut sample to be tested. Cut a sample of the materialin the area of interest, approximately 13 by 13 cm or 5 by 5 in.To test larger printed or coated areas, or both, multiple samplesmay need to be cut.7.2.2 Lay the s
22、ample on a flat surface taking care that it issmooth without wrinkles, creases, or folds. The surface to beevaluated (the printed or coated side) should be facing up.7.2.3 Pour or squirt chemical evenly over area to be tested.7.2.4 Place watch glass over wet sample and set timingdevice. A one minute
23、 exposure may be used for this method.NOTE 1The time should be based on the anticipated length ofexposure or, if ranking materials, then multiple time intervals should beused.7.2.5 When specified time has elapsed, carefully removeglass and examine sample for any running, smearing ordiscoloration.7.2
24、.6 Blot gently with absorbent material. Examine absor-bent wipe for any transfer of ink or coating and the sample forany smearing or discoloration.7.2.7 Record results in user specified format. For example,results may be recorded as pass (no change)/fail or as a degreeor percentage of damage.7.3 Met
25、hod CWiping Method:7.3.1 Cut a sample of the material in the area of interest,approximately 13 by 13 cm or 5 by 5 in. To test larger printedor coated areas, or both, multiple samples may need to be cut.7.3.2 Lay the sample on a flat surface taking care that it issmooth without wrinkles, creases, or
26、folds. The surface to beevaluated (the printed or coated side) should be facing up.7.3.3 Saturate a swab with chemical to be used for test.7.3.4 Place the chemical-soaked swab on the sample and rubin a back-and-forth motion with a light pressure. Each strokeshould be approximately 3 in.NOTE 2Signifi
27、cant pressure variation may affect test results.7.3.5 For reporting purposes, users may choose to count thenumber of strokes that it takes for the ink/coating to begin tosmear, lighten or transfer to the swab. In this case, a back-and-forth motion is counted as two strokes.7.3.6 When using this meth
28、od to rank materials, the reportmay log the number of strokes achieved before failure. Whenperforming routine Q.A. testing, the product specification mayrequire the material to survive a minimum number, such as 10strokes. The number of strokes may vary depending on specificapplications and agreed up
29、on specifications. Results may alsobe reported as Pass/Fail.7.4 Method DWipe Method after Timed Exposure:7.4.1 Cut a sample of the material in the area of interest,approximately 13 by 13 cm or 5 by 5 in. To test larger printedor coated areas, or both, multiple samples may need to be cut.7.4.2 Lay th
30、e sample on a flat surface taking care that it issmooth without wrinkles, creases, or folds. The surface to beevaluated (the printed or coated side) should be facing up.7.4.3 Pour or squirt chemical evenly over area to be tested.7.4.4 Place watch glass over wet sample and set timingdevice. Five minu
31、tes is a typical time exposure for this method.NOTE 3The time should be based on the anticipated length ofexposure or, if ranking materials, then multiple time intervals should beused.7.4.5 When specified time has elapsed, carefully removeglass and examine sample for any running, smearing ordiscolor
32、ation.7.4.6 Blot gently with wipe. Examine wipe for any transferof ink or coating.7.4.7 Place a swab or wipe on the sample and rub in aback-and-forth motion with a light pressure. Each strokeshould be approximately 3 in.NOTE 4Significant pressure variation may affect test results.F22500327.4.8 For r
33、eporting purposes, users may choose to count thenumber of strokes that it takes for the ink/coating to begin tosmear, lighten or transfer to the swab or wipe. In this case, aback-and-forth motion is counted as two strokes.7.4.9 When using this method to rank materials, the reportmay log the number o
34、f strokes achieved before failure. Whenperforming routine Q.A. testing, the product specification mayrequire the material to survive a minimum of strokes. Again,these approaches may be recorded as Pass/Fail.8. Report8.1 Lot number and source of material, date, time, locationand operator of test and
35、complete identification of materialsbeing tested.8.2 Chemical(s) tested and method used.8.3 Any conditioning of the materials.8.4 Any and all deviations from standard.9. Keywords9.1 alcohol resistance; chemical resistanceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent righ
36、ts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any
37、time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments wil
38、l receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by AST
39、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2250033
