1、Designation: F2280 12Standard Specification for“Twist Off” Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/WasherAssemblies, Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum TensileStrength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.Approved balloted change to Table 3 has been included and the year date
3、 was changed on March 16, 2012.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of heat treated,steel, tension control bolt-nut-washer assemblies, also referredto as “sets,” having a tensile strength of 150 to 173 ksi. Theseassemblies are capable of developing a minimum predeter-mined tension when i
4、nstalled by applying torque to the nut,while at the same time applying a counter torque to separate thespline end from the body of the bolt using an appropriate splinedrive installation tool.1.2 An assembly consists of a tension control bolt withspline end (covered by this specification) and a suita
5、ble nut andwasher covered by reference to applicable ASTM specifica-tions.1.3 The fastener assemblies are intended for use in struc-tural connections. These connections, installation procedures,and the use of alternate design structural bolts are coveredunder the requirements of the “Specification f
6、or StructuralJoints Using ASTM or A490 Bolts”, approved by the ResearchCouncil on Structural Connections.1.4 The assemblies are available with either round (buttonor dome) heads, heavy hex structural heads, or alternate designheads described in Section 11 , in sizes12 to 118 in. inclusive,in two typ
7、es specified in Section 4.1.5 Tension control bolts manufactured and marked inaccordance with the requirements of Specification A490, andconforming to the dimensional and other requirements of thisspecification, will be considered an acceptable alternate underthis specification for two years followi
8、ng initial publication.1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test method portions, Sections 15 and 16, of this Specifi-cation: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this sta
9、ndard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA563 Specification for Car
10、bon and Alloy Steel NutsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties
11、of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF17
12、89 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and StudsG101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 ASME Standards:3B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Thr
13、eadsB1.3M Screw Threads Gaging Systems for DimensionalAcceptabilityInch and Metric Screw Threads1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Mar
14、ch 16, 2012. Published March 2012. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F228011a. DOI:10.1520/F2280-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
15、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
16、Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural Applications2.3 Research Council on Structural Connections:4Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 orA490 Bolts3. Terminology3.1 Defi
17、nitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:The definition of terms used in this specification shall be asspecified in Terminology F1789, unless otherwise definedherein.3.1.1 component lotcomponent lot, for the purpose ofassigning an identification number and from which testsamples shall be selected,
18、 shall consist of all tension controlbolts, all nuts or all washers processed essentially togetherthrough all operations to the shipping container, of which eachcomponent has the following common characteristics: heatnumber (mill heat); ASTM designation and grade or type, asapplicable; nominal dimen
19、sions (size) and head style; and heattreatment lot.3.1.2 manufacturerentity that assembles, lubricates, tests,and certifies compliance with this specification.3.1.3 secondary processingany processing performed byany entity on the assemblies or individual components afterinitial testing.4. Classifica
20、tion4.1 The tension control bolts are designated by type denot-ing chemical composition as follows:4.1.1 Type 1Alloy steel, and4.1.2 Type 3Weathering steel.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for assemblies shall include the items of infor-mation below. Optional items not on the purchase order shallbe
21、 considered as not being required (see Note 1):5.1.1 Quantity of assemblies,5.1.2 Size, include nominal tension control bolt diameterand length (without the spline end),5.1.3 Name of product, that is, twist off type tension controlbolt/nut/washer assemblies,5.1.4 Head style (see 11.1.1),5.1.5 Type o
22、f assembly, that is, Type 1 or Type 3,5.1.6 ASTM designation and year of publication, and5.1.7 Special requirements, if required.NOTE 1A typical order description follows: 2520 assemblies, 118 7UNC in. diameter by 3 in. long Tension Control Bolt/Nut/WasherAssemblies, Round Heads, Type 1 ASTM F2280.6
23、. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Heat Treatment:6.1.1 Tension control bolts shall be heat treated by quench-ing in oil from the austenitizing temperature and then temper-ing by reheating to a temperature not less than 800F.6.2 ThreadThe threads of tension control bolts shall berolled.6.3 Lubrication:6
24、.3.1 The assemblies shall be lubricated by the manufac-turer to meet the Assembly Lot Tension requirements inSection 9.6.3.2 Lubrication other than that applied by the manufac-turer shall not be permitted, as the type and amount oflubrication is critical to meeting the minimum clamping forcesspecifi
25、ed.6.4 Secondary ProcessingSecondary processing shall notbe permitted to an assembly lot.6.5 Assembly:6.5.1 The assemblies shall be of the type specified by thepurchaser.6.5.2 The assemblies shall consist of one tension controlbolt, with one nut and one or more washer(s) assembled on thebolt and the
26、 nut threaded on the bolt a minimum of one turn.6.5.3 Nuts and washers used on the assemblies shall con-form to the requirements of the specifications below:Assembly Typeand FinishNut Specification,Class and FinishWasherSpecification,Type and FinishType 1 Plain Specification A563DH plainSpecificatio
27、n F436Type 1plainType 3 Weathering Steel Specification A563DH3 plainSpecification F436Type 3 plainweathering steel6.5.4 All nuts shall be heavy hex. All washers used in theassembly shall be circular and through hardened.6.6 Protective CoatingsThe bolts, nuts and washers shallnot be coated by hot dip
28、 zinc coating, mechanical deposition orelectroplating with zinc or other metallic coatings7. Chemical Composition7.1 Tension Control Bolts:7.1.1 Type 1 tension control bolts shall be alloy steelconforming to the chemical composition in Table 1. The steelshall contain sufficient alloying elements to
29、qualify it as analloy steel.7.1.2 Type 3 tension control bolts shall be weathering steeland shall conform to the chemical compositions specified inTable 2. See Guide G101 for method of estimating theatmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steels.7.1.3 Product analysis made on finished bolts re
30、presentingeach lot shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Tables 1 and 2, as applicable.7.1.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium,or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted.7.1.5 For Type 1 bolts heats of steel, with intentionallyadded boron,
31、 or boron heat analysis exceeding 0.0035 %, shallnot be permitted.7.1.6 Compliance with 7.1.4 and 7.1.5 shall be based oncertification that heats of steel having any of the listed elementsintentionally added were not used to produce the bolts.7.1.7 Chemical analysis shall be performed in accordancew
32、ith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.7.2 Nuts and WashersChemical requirements for nuts andwashers shall be in accordance with the applicable specifica-tion specified in 6.5.3.4Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suite 3100, Chicago, IL 6060
33、1-2001.F2280 1228. Mechanical Property Requirements for TensionControl Bolts8.1 Hardness: The bolts shall conform to the hardnessspecified in Table 3.8.2 Tensile Properties:8.2.1 Except as permitted in 8.2.2 for long bolts, and 8.2.3for short bolts, sizes 1.0 in. and smaller having a nominallength o
34、f 214 in. D and longer, and sizes larger than 1.0 in.having a nominal length of 3D and longer, shall be wedgetested full size and shall conform to the minimum andmaximum wedge tensile load, and proof load or alternativeproof load specified in Table 4. The load achieved during proofload testing shall
35、 be equal to or greater than the specified proofload.8.2.2 When the nominal length of the bolt makes full sizetesting impractical, machined specimens shall be tested andshall conform to the requirements specified in Table 5. Whenbolts are tested by both full size and machined specimenmethods, the fu
36、ll size test shall take precedence.8.2.3 Sizes 1.0 in. and smaller having a nominal lengthshorter than 214 D down to 2D inclusive, which cannot bewedge tensile tested shall be axially tension tested full size andshall conform to the minimum tensile load and proof load oralternate proof load specifie
37、d in Table 4. Sizes 1.0 in. andsmaller having a nominal length shorter than 2D, which cannotaxially tensile tested shall be qualified on the basis of hardness.8.2.4 Size 118 in. having a nominal length shorter than 3Dshall be qualified on the basis of hardness.8.2.5 For bolts on which both hardness
38、and tension tests areperformed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence in the event of low hardness readings.8.3 Nuts and WashersMechanical properties for nuts andwashers shall be in accordance with the applicable specifica-tion in 6.5.3.9. Assembly Lot Tension Test9.1 Purpose
39、The assembly lot tension test shall be per-formed on fastener assemblies to determine the ability of theassembly to provide the required minimum tension.9.2 RequirementFull size completed assemblies tested inaccordance with 14.4 shall develop a bolt tension when thespline end is separated from the b
40、olt conforming to therequirements in Table 5, Column 1.10. Carburization/Decarburization10.1 This test is intended to evaluate the presence orabsence of carburization and decarburization as determined bythe difference in microhardness near the surface and core.10.2 Requirements:10.2.1 CarburizationT
41、he assemblies shall show no evi-dence of a carburized surface when evaluated in accordancewith 15.5.10.2.2 DecarburizationHardness value differences shallnot exceed the requirements set forth for decarburization inTABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 Alloy Steel TensionControl BoltsAlloy SteelCo
42、mposition %ElementHeatAnalysis, %ProductAnalysis, %Carbon 0.300.48 0.280.50Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Alloying ElementsAAAlloy Steel with Boron AdditionComposition %ElementHeatAnalysis, %ProductAnalysis, %Carbon 0.300.48 0.280.50Manganese, min 0.60 0.57
43、Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Boron 0.00050.003 0.00050.003Alloying ElementsAAASteel, as defined by the American Iron and Steel Institute, shall be consideredto be alloy when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following l
44、imits: manganese, 1.65 %, silicon,0.60 %, copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definite minimum quantityof any of the following elements is specified or required within the limits of therecognized field of constructional alloy steels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %,cobalt, columbium, m
45、olybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium,or any other alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 Weathering SteelTension Control BoltsComposition, %Element Heat Analysis, % Product Analysis, %CarbonSizes34 in. and smaller 0.
46、20-0.53 0.19-0.55Sizes78 to 118 in. incl. 0.30-0.53 0.28-0.55Manganese, min 0.40 0.37Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur 0.040 0.045Copper 0.20-0.60 0.17-0.63Chromium 0.45-0.90 0.42-0.93Nickel or 0.20-0.60 0.17-0.63Molybdenum 0.15-0.25 0.14-0.26TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements for Tension Control BoltsBr
47、inell Rockwell CBolt Size in. Bolt Length, in. Min Max. Min Max.12 to 1 in., incl Less than 2DA311 352 33 382D and over . . . 352 . . . 38118 in. Less than 3DA311 352 33 383D and over . . . 352 . . . 38ATension control bolts 1.00 in. nominal diameter and smaller and shorter than 2D are subject only
48、to minimum and maximum hardness. Tension control bolts118 inchnominal diameter and shorter than 3D are subject only to minimum and maximum hardness.Editorially corrected in March 2012.F2280 123Test Method F2328 for class 2/3H materials when evaluated inaccordance with 15.5.11. Dimensions11.1 Tension
49、 Control Bolts:11.1.1 Tension control bolts shall be furnished with eitherround (button or dome), heavy hex structural or alternatedesign heads as specified by the purchaser.11.1.2 The head, body and spline dimensions shall conformto the requirements in ASME B18.2.6 for tension control bolts.11.1.3 Head designs as specified in 11.1.1 shall have abearing surface area and head height equal to or larger thanrequired for heavy hex structural bolts in ASME B18.2.6.11.1.4 The thread length shall be as specified in ASMEB18.2.6 for heavy hex struct
