1、Designation: F2282 03 (Reapproved 2015)F2282 15Standard Specification forQuality Assurance Requirements for Carbon and Alloy SteelWire, Rods, and Bars for Mechanical Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the ye
2、ar oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification establishes quality assuranc
3、e requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirementsfor carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts,nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.NOTE 1The Steel Industry u
4、ses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specificfabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.1.3 Rod size range usually includes 732 in. (0.219) to 4
5、764 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 164 increments (0.0156).1.4 Bar size range includes 38 in. (0.375) to 112 in. (1.500).1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2 1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser andsupplier.1.6 Material is furnished in many applicat
6、ion variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturingprocess and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are:Cold HeadingRecessed HeadSocket HeadScrapless NutTubular Rivet1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.1.6.2
7、 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA700 Guide fo
8、r Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Signif
9、icant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and ForgingsE407 Practice for Microetching Metals and AlloysE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburi
10、zation of Steel SpecimensF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
11、 F16.93 on Quality AssuranceProvisions for Fasteners.Current edition approved July 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2015. Published August 2015March 2016. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as F2282 03 (2009)(2015).1. DOI: 10.1520/F2282-03R15.10.1520/F2282-15.2 For referencedASTM
12、standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of
13、an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publ
14、ished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 AIAG Standard:B-5 Primary Metals Tag Application Standard32.3
15、 IFI Standard:IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for Mechanical Fasteners42.4 SAE Standards:J403 Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels5J404 Chemical Compositions of SAE Alloy Steels5J406 Methods of Determining Hardenability of Steels5J415 Definitions of Heat Treating Terms53. T
16、erminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 annealinga process of heating to and holding steel at a given temperature for a given time and then cooling at a givenrate, used to soften or produce changes, or both, in the microstructure of the steel to enhance formability and reduce tensilestrength.3.1.2 barsprodu
17、ced from hot rolled or cast billets or blooms rolled single strand into coils. Bars have a greater precision incross section than rods. Size tolerances are in Table 1. Bars are finished as-rolled, annealed or spheroidize annealed, and in sizesincluded in 1.4.3.1.3 lapa longitudinal surface discontin
18、uity extending into rod, bar, or wire caused by doubling over of metal during hotrolling.3.1.4 lota quantity of raw material of one size and heat number submitted for testing at one time.3.1.5 rodsproduced from hot rolled or cast billets, usually rolled in a multiple strand mill to a round cross sec
19、tion then coiledinto one continuous length to size tolerances shown in Table 2. Rods are furnished as-rolled, annealed, or spheroidize annealedin sizes found in 1.3.3.1.6 seama longitudinal discontinuity extending radially into wire, rod, or bar. Seams in raw material used for themanufacture of fast
20、eners or formed parts may lead to the formation of bursts.3.1.7 spheroidizinga form of annealing, involves prolonged heating at temperatures near the lower critical temperature,followed by slow cooling, with the object of forming spheroidal metallic carbides that allow a higher degree of formability
21、.3.1.8 voida shallow pocket or hollow on the surface of the material.3.1.9 wireproduced from hot rolled or annealed rods or bars by cold drawing for the purpose of obtaining desired size,dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical properties. Wire is furnished in the following conditions: d
22、irect drawn (DD);drawn from annealed rod or bar (DFAR or DFAB); drawn from spheroidized annealed rod or bar (DFSR or DFSB); drawn to sizeand spheroidized (SAFS); drawn, annealed in process, and finally lightly drawn to size (AIP); and drawn, spheroidize annealedin process, and finally lightly drawn
23、to size (SAIP). Wire size tolerances are shown in Table 3. Sizes include those specified in 1.2.3.1.9.1 Discussion3 Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.4 Available from Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI), 636
24、3 Oak Tree Blvd, Independence, OH 44131, http:/www.indfast.org.5 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.TABLE 1 Bar Size TolerancesFractionalDiameter, in.Diameter Tolerance, in.Out of Roundmax, in.716 to 58 0.006 0.00958 to 78 0.007 0.01
25、178 to 1 0.008 0.0121 to 118 0.009 0.014118 to 114 0.010 0.015114 to 138 0.011 0.017138 to 112 0.013 0.020TABLE 2 Rod Size TolerancesDiameter,in.Diameter Tolerance, in.Out of Roundmax, in.732 to 4764(0.219 to 0.734)0.012 0.018TABLE 3 Wire Size Tolerances and Out of RoundDiameter,in.Diameter Toleranc
26、e, in.Out of Roundmax, in.95 Spheroidal carbides are homogeneously distributed in amatrix of ferrite.80 G1/L1 All carbides are spheroidal with a good distribution. Grainboundaries are not so obvious.90 G1/L1 All carbides are spheroidal with a good distribution. Grainboundaries are not so obvious.60
27、G2/L2 Most of the carbides are spheroidal with an averagedistribution. Some lamellar carbides and grainboundaries are present.80 G2/L2 Most of the carbides are spheroidal with an averagedistribution. Some lamellar carbides and grainboundaries are present.40 G3/L3 Approximately 12 of the carbides hav
28、e beenspheroidized. All carbides are in prior pearlitic colonies;grain boundaries are prevalent.50 G3/L3 Approximately 12 of the carbides have beenspheroidized. All carbides are in prior pearlitic colonies;grain boundaries are prevalent.20 G4/L4 A very slight breakup of the lamellar carbides; mainly
29、pearlite and ferrite.0 G5/L5 The entire microstructure consists of pearlite and ferrite.AAll percentages are approximations based on visual observations.8. Decarburization8.1 The entire periphery of a sample prepared of the rod, wire, or bar for killed steels having carbon content exceeding 0.15 %sh
30、all be examined for decarburization at a magnification of 100 diameters. Free ferrite shall not exceed the maximum depth asspecified in Table 10. The worst location shall be used to draw perpendicular bisectors, and the depth of decarb at the points wherethe bisectors intersect the circumference, sh
31、all be measured and the four (4) readings averaged as defined in the example identifiedas Fig. 2.8.2 That average shall not exceed the limits for total average affected depth (TAAD) as specified in Table 10. The depth (D)of the worst location shall not exceed the maximum allowed in Table 10.9. Mecha
32、nical Properties9.1 Bars, rod, and wire furnished in the conditions below shall conform to the tensile strength and reduction in area requirementsspecified in Table 11.9.1.1 Annealed or spheroidize annealed rod and bar.9.1.2 Spheroidize annealed at finish size wire.9.1.3 Annealed-in-process or spher
33、oidize annealed-in-process wire.9.2 Percent reduction in area is determined by the test methods of Test Methods A370. Values for minimum percentages whichshall apply are included in Table 11.9.3 No individual test value shall be out of specification, and for steels with a maximum specified carbon co
34、ntent over 0.30 %,the maximum range shall not exceed the minimum by more than 10 % in any lot; for example:80 KSI274 KSI!74 KSI 58.1%acceptF2282 157FIG. 1 Plate 1IFI Spheroidization RatingF2282 158FIG. 1 Plate 1IFI Spheroidization Rating (continued)F2282 1599.4 Tensile/reduction in area equipment sh
35、all be calibrated and verified in accordance with Practices E4, and operated bypersonnel with documented qualifications.9.5 Conformance of all test data shall be determined in accordance with Practice E29.10. Dimensional Size Tolerances10.1 Wire tolerances are shown in Table 3.10.2 Rod tolerances ar
36、e shown in Table 2.NOTE 4Inherent mill design of rod mills does not permit the same control of size as bar mills. Reducing diameter variability increases control of boththe physical and mechanical properties during the forming process. Less variability permits engineering for reduced tool wear and c
37、onsistent productquality.10.3 Bar tolerances are shown in Table 1.11. Mill Scale/Surface Condition11.1 Mill scale (surface oxides) on hot rolled material shall be readily removable by an acid pickling or mechanical descalingprocess.11.2 The surface shall be free from excessive dirt contaminants or r
38、ust which would impede pickling or descaling, orcontaminate an acid pickle bath.12. Coatings12.1 The supplied coatings shall be specified for all materials by the purchaser based upon the individual requirements of thepurchaser. Adequate care should be taken during handling and transit to maintain t
39、he integrity of the coating. Extreme variationsin temperature and humidity may adversely affect the applied coatings.12.2 Coatings for hot rolled bars, wire rods, and wire which are thermally treated at finished size include the following:12.2.1 Pickle and lime dip,12.2.2 Zinc phosphate and lime dip
40、,12.2.3 Zinc phosphate and reactive or nonreactive lube dip, and12.2.4 Alternate coatings, including polymer, may be used upon agreement between purchaser and producer.12.3 In addition, if cold drawing is the final operation, a drawing compound will also be applied through the die drawingprocess. Th
41、ere are, however, no batch coatings applied after drawing when cold drawing is the final operation.13. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance13.1 Bar, rod, and wire shall be free from detrimental surface imperfections including seams, voids, pits, scratches, and laps.Material, suitably thermally treate
42、d when appropriate, which bursts or splits when upset or formed, and having imperfectionsdeeper than the greater of 0.003 in. or 0.5 % of D (where D is finished diameter in inches of material) shall be subject to rejection.Samples requiring assessment of such surface imperfections shall be prepared
43、by metallographic technique, suitably etched andthe depth of imperfection measured radially from the surface at a magnification of 100.13.2 Wire shall not be kinked or tangled, and for wire drawn last, shall be properly cast. No welds are permitted, unlessotherwise specified.14. Number of Tests and
44、Retests14.1 Metallurgical:14.1.1 Austenitic grain size shall be based on one test per heat in accordance with 7.2.4.TABLE 10 Decarburization Limits for Killed Steels With CarbonContent Exceeding 0.15 %Diameter,in.Free FerriteDepthmax, in.Total AverageAffected Depth(TAAD)max, in.WorstLocationDepth,ma
45、x, in.through 2564 0.001 0.005 0.008over 2564through 580.001 0.006 0.009over 58through 55640.001 0.007 0.011over 5564through 10.001 0.008 0.012over 1through 1120.001 0.010 0.015F2282 151014.1.2 Each spheroidize annealed lot shall be tested once and shall meet minimum rating requirements of G2 or L2
46、(see 7.3.1).14.1.3 For each lot of wire, rod, or bar, a single sample shall be tested for decarburization in accordance with Section 8 of thisstandard.14.2 Mechanical:14.2.1 Rods, bars, and wire shall be tested one sample per coil/bundle on at least 20 % of randomly selected coils/bundles inthe lot
47、with at least two tests for maximum tensile strength.14.2.2 Rods, bars, and wire shall be tested one sample per coil/bundle on at least 20 % of randomly selected coils/bundles inthe lot with at least two tests for percent reduction in area.14.2.3 Yield strength, percent elongation, and hardness test
48、s are included in supplementary requirements of this standard.15. Test Methods15.1 Maximum Tensile Strength:15.1.1 Maximum tensile strength shall be determined in accordance with the test methods of Test Methods A370.15.2 Reduction of Area:15.2.1 Reduction of area is determined by test methods inclu
49、ded within Test Methods A370.15.3 Calibration:15.3.1 Tensile/reduction in area equipment shall be calibrated in accordance with Practices E4.15.4 Hardenability:15.4.1 Hardenability shall be determined in accordance with SAE J406, Appendix A or B.15.5 Grain Size:15.5.1 Grain Size shall be determined in accordance with Test Method E112.15.6 Decarburization:15.6.1 Decarburization shall be determined using the test method Test Methods E1077.15.7 Control of Measuring and Testing Equipment:15.7.1 Unless otherwise specified, contr
