1、Designation: F2285 04 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forDiaper Changing Tables for Commercial Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2285; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis safety performance specification addresses diaper changing tables for use in commercialenv
3、ironments.The CPSC identified the following injuries to children associated with the use of diaper changingtables in the residential environment: falls, stability, restraint systems, latches and folding mecha-nisms, structural integrity, and deaths due to entrapment in openings. In response to the i
4、ncidents datadeveloped by the CPSC, this safety performance specification attempts to minimize the previouslylisted problems. This specification does not cover tables that are blatantly misused, although warningsand safety instructions are required to be prominently displayed on or with each table.T
5、his consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and injuriesresulting from the interaction of other persons with children on tables or incidents resulting fromunforeseeable abuse or misuse.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current
6、 state of the art of diaperchanging table technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification e
7、stablishes safetyperformance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-ments to minimize the hazards to children presented by diaperchanging tables as identified in the introduction.1.2 This specification is intended to apply to diaper chang-ing tables for commercial use. It is intended for u
8、se withchildren up to 50 lbs.1.3 No diaper changing table produced after the approvaldate of this consumer safety performance specification shall,either by label or other means, indicate compliance with thisspecification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pou
9、nd units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety spe
10、ci-fication: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Ref
11、erenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test2.2 Federal Standards:316 CFR-1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR-1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations in-cluding sections:1500.48 Technical
12、Requirements for Determining a SharpPoint in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in Toys or OtherArticles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age1500.50-52 Tests Methods for
13、Simulating Use and Abuse of1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.50 onBaby Changing Tables - Commerical.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 2004.
14、Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F2285 04. DOI:10.1520/F2285-04R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
15、e ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Toys an
16、d Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts2.3 Other Documents:CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)3. Termi
17、nology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous, na label which is visible, when theunit is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to aperson standing near the unit at any one position around theunit, but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.2 manufacturers
18、 recommended use position, nanyposition, which is presented as a normal, allowable, or accept-able configuration for use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literature. This specificallyexcludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature
19、 to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.3 static load, na vertically downward load applied bya dead weight or other means.4. General Testing Requirements4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering,unless test instr
20、ucts differently.4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for
21、at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 The unit shall conform to the federal regulations speci-fied in section 2.2 of this specification
22、both before and after alltesting.5.2 Before and after testing, any exposed parts shall besmooth and free of splinters.5.3 Latching MechanismsAny unit that folds, and will notremain in the open position without force being applied to it,shall have a latching device or other provision in the designtha
23、t will prevent the unit from unintentional folding whenproperly placed in the manufacturers recommended use posi-tion. Products with latching devices for prevention of uninten-tional folding shall be tested in accordance with 7.1. Duringand upon completion of this test, the unit shall remain latched
24、in its manufacturers recommended use position.5.4 OpeningsAny shaped holes, slots, or cracks that existin or around the table that is in its manufacturers recom-mended use position and that are accessible to the toes orfingers of the occupant, through or recessed, or both, into thesurface of any rig
25、id material that admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm)diameter rod, also shall admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameterrod. Openings that have a minimum dimension between 0.210in. and 0.375 in. shall be permissible, providing the depth is nogreater than the minimum dimension of the opening.5.5 Scissoring, Shearin
26、g, Pinching, CrushingThe table,when in the manufacturers recommended use position, andparts that are accessible to the toes or fingers of the occupantin the table, shall be designed and constructed to prevent injuryfrom any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members orcomponents rotate about a c
27、ommon axis or fastening point,slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another.Scissoring, shearing, or pinching exists when the edges of therigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210-in. (5.33-mm)diameter and less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at anyaccessible point throughout th
28、e range of motion of such parts.5.6 LabelingDecorative labels, warning labels, or warn-ings applied directly onto the surface of the product by hotstamping, heat transfer, printing, or wood burning, etc., shall bepermanent when tested in accordance with 7.4.5.7 The forces that are to be applied to t
29、he sample in the testmethods of this specification are applied readily by means of acalibrated force gage, or in the case of static load and dynamicload test methods, by calibrated weights.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Static Load:6.1.1 A table shall support a static load of 100 lb. (45.5 kg)when p
30、laced in the approximate center of the area intended tosupport the infant occupant.6.1.2 Test methods shall be performed in accordance with7.2. At the conclusion of the test method, there shall be nounacceptable conditions as identified within this specification(see Note 1).NOTE 1For the purpose of
31、this specification, the unacceptable condi-tions that might be identified by the static load test methods shall be tipover, collapse of the product or a component of the product, sharp edgesor points, and small parts.FIG. 1 CAMI Dummy, Mark IIF2285 04 (2010)26.2 Restraining SystemAll products covere
32、d by this speci-fication must have a child restraint system. The manufacturershall attach the restraint system in such a manner that it will notbecome detached through normal usage. The restraint systemshall include a waist restraint.6.2.1 Restraining SystemTest methods for all restrainingsystems sh
33、all be in accordance with 7.3. The closing mecha-nisms shall not part or slip more than 1 in. (25 mm). Theanchorages shall not separate from their attachment points. Atthe end of the tests, the CAMI dummy shall not be releasedfully.6.3 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp compo-nents between th
34、e thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such as caps,sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points,or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a 0.040-in.(1.00-mm) gap between the component and its adjacent parentcomponent, such component shall not be removed when testedin a
35、ccordance with 7.5.6.4 EdgesAll products covered by this specification musthave either a contoured surface or barriers designed to assist inoccupant retention.7. Test Methods7.1 Latching Mechanisms for Prevention of UnintentionalFolding:7.1.1 Erect the product in accordance with the manufactur-ers i
36、nstructions, and gradually place a 5-lb (2.3-kg) weight(similar to a 5-lb bag of sugar) in the center of the supportingsurface.7.1.2 Place the product in the manufacturers recommendeduse position so that the normal folding motion is not impeded.7.1.3 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) at the locationno
37、rmally associated with the folding action and in the directionnormally associated with folding the product in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions. Gradually apply the forcewithin 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.NOTE 2Do not apply this force on latching or unlatching means itself.7.
38、1.4 Repeat 7.1.3 for a total of five times within 2 min.7.1.5 Fold the unit in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions and repeat 7.1.1-7.1.3 one additional time.7.2 Static Load Test Method:7.2.1 Place the product in the manufacturers recommendeduse position.7.2.2 Place the specified weight fr
39、om 6.1 upona6by6-in.(150 by 150-mm) wood block34 in. (19 mm) thick in the unitat the location called for in 6.1. Gradually apply the weightwithin 5 s and maintain for an additional 60 s.7.3 Restraining System Integrity and Occupant RetentionTest Methods:7.3.1 Restraining System Integrity Test Method
40、:7.3.1.1 Secure the test model so that it cannot move hori-zontally.7.3.1.2 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to a singleattachment point of the restraint system in the normal usedirection(s) that stress would be applied to that attachment.Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for anadditi
41、onal 10 s.7.3.1.3 Repeat 7.3.1.2 for a total of five times with amaximum interval of 5 s between tests.7.3.1.4 Repeat 7.3.1.2 and 7.3.1.3 for each attachment pointof the restraint system and fastening device.7.3.2 Restraining System Occupant Retention Test Method:7.3.2.1 Place a CAMI Infant Dummy, M
42、ark II (see Fig. 1)inthe test unit with the restraining system fastened in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions. Tighten the restrainingsystem in such a manner that a force of 2 lbf (9 N) or less willprovide at least a14-in. (6-mm) space between the restraintsystem and the dummy. The webbin
43、g tension pull deviceshown (Fig. 2) is required to determine proper restraint systemfit. Perform the following tests without readjusting the restraintsystem.7.3.2.2 Apply a pull force of 45 lbf (200 N) horizontally onthe approximate centerline of either leg of the dummy (at theankle). Gradually appl
44、y the force within 5 s and maintain for anadditional 10 s.7.3.2.3 Repeat 7.3.2.2 for a total of five times with amaximum interval of 5 s between tests.7.3.2.4 Tilt the unit along an axis line perpendicular to therestraint system 15 to test for retention of the CAMI dummy.7.4 Label Test Method:7.4.1
45、A label shall be considered permanent, if during anattempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, itNote 1Dimension A: Width of webbing plus18 in. (3 mm).Note 2Dimension B: One half of Dimension A.FIG. 2 Webbing Tension Pull DeviceF2285 04 (2010)3cannot be removed, it tears into pieces u
46、pon removal, or suchaction damages the surface to which it is attached.7.4.1.1 Labels attached by a seam, except warning labels,that tear along a seam only and do not yield a part which fitsentirely within the small parts cylinder defined in 16 CFR 1501are not considered labels, which pose a choking
47、 hazard andthus are not required to be permanent.7.4.2 A warning label attached by a seam and which can begrasped between the thumb and forefinger or teeth shall notseparate from the product or tear yielding a small part whensubjected to a 15-lbf (67-N) pull force applied using a clampwith a34-in. (
48、19-mm) diameter clamping surface.7.4.3 Adhesion Test Method for Printing:7.4.3.1 Apply the tape test method defined in Test Method Bof Test Methods D3359 eliminating the parallel cuts.7.4.3.2 Perform this test method once in each differentlocation where warnings are applied.7.4.3.3 The warning state
49、ments will be considered perma-nent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attachedafter being subjected to this test.7.5 Removal of Protective Components:7.5.1 Any protective component shall be tested in accor-dance with each of the following test methods in the sequencelisted.7.5.2 Secure the unit so that it cannot move during theperformance of the following test methods.7.5.3 Torque Test MethodA torque of 3 lbf-in. (0.3 N-m)shall be applied evenly within a period of5sinaclockwisedirection until a rotation of 180 from the o
