1、Designation: F 2292 03e1Standard Practice forDetermining the Waterfastness of Images Produced by InkJet Printers Utilizing Four Different Test MethodsDrip,Spray, Submersion and Rub1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2292; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEThe title of Section 5 was corrected editorially in M
3、ay 2006.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers methods that can be used todetermine the waterfastness of an image produced by an inkjetprinter. Waterfastness is determined by the presence of inktransferred from a specific printed area to a non-printed area, orto neighboring printed areas of a different co
4、lor.1.2 This practice can be used to evaluate the waterfastnessof the primary print colors (cyan, magenta, yellow and black),the secondary colors (red, blue and green) and composite black(cyan plus magenta plus yellow).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
5、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances a
6、ndColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesF 909 Terminology Relating to PrintersF 1125 Terminology of Image Quality in Impact PrintingSystemsF 1174 Practice for Using a Personal Computer Printer as aTest InstrumentF 1623 Terminology Relating to Thermal Imaging ProductsF 1857 T
7、erminology Relating to Ink Jet Printers and ImagesMade Therefrom2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI/NAPM IT9.9-1990 Stability of Color PhotographicImagesMethods for Measuring3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms, refer to Terminologies F 909,F 1125, F 1623, and F 1857.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to
8、This Standard:3.2.1 ink jet media, nrecording elements used by ink jetprinters to receive inks. The substrate may be paper, plastic,canvas, fabric, or other ink receptive material. The substratemay, or may not be, coated with one or more ink receptivelayers.4. Significance and Use4.1 This procedure
9、may be used to determine how waterwill affect solid-fill color images produced by ink jet printers.4.2 Four different test methods are outlined to simulate themost common ways that materials are exposed to water.4.3 The method of water application may greatly affect theoutcome of the test. While one
10、 or more of the test methods maybe performed, to best qualify a product all four test methodsshould be used.4.4 The drip and spray test are evaluated visually, while thesubmersion and rub tests can be evaluated visually andinstrumentally.4.5 Test results are useful for specification acceptancebetwee
11、n producer and user, for quality control, and for researchand product development.5. Interferences5.1 Ink jet media and ink sets may be purchased from avariety of sources and may affect the waterfast characteristicsproduced by a given printing system. A variety of media typesand ink sets may be used
12、 depending on the purpose of the test.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink JetImaging Products.Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003.2For referenced ASTM stand
13、ards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rdSt., 4th Fl
14、oor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.The side of the media that should be used for imaging is theone recommended by the manufacturer/supplier.5.2 Interpretation of results should be made by one eval
15、ua-tor.5.3 Fluctuations in temperature and humidity may affect themedia being tested.5.4 Prints should be dry prior to testing since inadequatedrying time may affect the results. Twenty-four hours should besufficient for most inks and media.5.5 All comparative tests should be performed under thesame
16、 environmental and viewing conditions.5.6 The following evaluations utilize digital test originalsthat are created using personal computer software. Always usethe same originals when comparing printers, ink sets andsubstrates.5.7 Visual interpretations of a failure or success may varyfrom one indivi
17、dual to another.6. Apparatus6.1 Ink Jet Printer and a Personal Computer.6.2 Personal Computer Word Processing, Drawing/Graphics, or Page Layout Software, for creating the test pageoriginal.6.3 Distilled Water.6.4 Pan, 2 in. deep.6.5 Ordinary Household Spray Bottle.6.6 Pipette.6.7 Paper Towels.6.8 So
18、ft Cloth, sweatshirt type material.6.9 Timer.6.10 Spectrodensitometer.6.11 Board.7. Calibration7.1 Adjust the printer used to conduct the test per themanufacturers instructions or in accordance with PracticeF 1174.8. Test Specimens8.1 The test image shall consist of a standardized arrange-ment of co
19、lor patches printed using print files containing theappropriate printer setup specific for each application. This testimage shall contain color patches at maximum print density of100 % for each of the primary colors of cyan, magenta, yellowand black, 200 % for the secondary colors of red, green, and
20、blue, and 300 % for process black.8.2 The test image may be generated with personal com-puter word processing, drawing/graphics, or page layout soft-ware, saved as a print file for each printer/method of printing(contributing its unique ink and ink/receiver interactions thatmay impact on the image l
21、ight stability), trial-printed, andevaluated for appropriate ink laydown (purity and amount) andease of printing and testing. Each print file should have itsfilename, type, and version identified in the image area and aplace for experimental notes (for example, time, printer,environmental conditions
22、, operator). The printer settings and atrial print of each print file version should be archived.8.3 The size of the color patches shall be approximately1.25 by 1.25 in. (35 by 35 mm).9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the printer, supplies and test substrates 24 h inthe same atmospheric conditions as tho
23、se present where the testis to be conducted.9.2 Waterfastness should be tested at least 24 h after printingto allow the prints to sufficiently dry.10. Drip Test10.1 Prepare two printed ink jet test samples. Mount theprinted ink jet test samples to a board in order to make themrigid so that they are
24、supported during the test.10.2 Position the mounted sample at a 45 angle to ahorizontal tabletop.10.3 Hold the tip of the pipette about 5 to 10 mm above thetop of the color patch, deliver 0.05 cc of distilled water on eachof the print colors and repeat 2 more times.10.4 About 15 s after the final wa
25、ter delivery, place the printsample flat and allow it to fully dry. Note if there is any inkbleeding, smearing or transfer.11. Spray Test11.1 Prepare two printed ink jet test samples. Mount theprinted ink jet test samples to a board in order to make themrigid so that they are supported during the te
26、st.11.2 Position the mounted sample at a 90 angle, so that itis perpendicular to the floor.11.3 Place sample over a tray, sink or place paper towelsunder sample to gather excess water.11.4 Load the spray bottle with distilled water and holdingthe bottle 12 in. away from the test sample, spray the sa
27、mple.Thoroughly soak the sample with the water, allowing the waterto flow off the print.11.5 After about 15 s after the water spray, place the printsample flat and allow the print to fully dry. Note if there is anyink bleeding, smearing or transfer.12. SubmersionTest12.1 Prepare two printed ink jet
28、test samples. Mount thesamples to a support, such as stainless-steel, in order to makethem rigid and easy to submerge in water.12.2 Fill a pan with distilled water, so that there is aminimum of 1 in. of water in the pan. The water should be atroom temperature or allowed time to come to room tempera-
29、ture.12.3 Place the prints print side up in the pan and makecertain the prints are fully submerged. The use of weights maybe needed to accomplish this. Set a timer for 10 min.12.4 After 10 min, remove the sample prints from the water,being cautious not to touch the printed portions. Hold thesamples
30、vertically, allowing excess water to drain off.12.5 Place the print sample flat and allow it to fully dry.Note if there is any ink bleeding, smearing or transfer.NOTE 1Color density and L*a*b values may be measured before andafter the samples have been submerged in water to assess color changes.13.
31、Rub Test13.1 Use the second print from the drip, spray, or submer-sion tests or prepare new prints as specified above. Immedi-ately after dripping, spraying or submerging the print, allow theF229203e12excess water to drain off and using a cotton pad with moderatepressure, rub all of the printed colo
32、rs a minimum of 3 passes ineach direction. Replace the cotton pad for each color.13.2 Place the print sample flat and allow it to fully dry.Note if there is any ink bleeding, smearing or transfer.NOTE 2Color density and L*a*b values may be measured before andafter treatment to assess color changes.1
33、4. Interpretation14.1 If any ink bleed, smearing or transfer is observed, thenthe test is deemed a failure.14.2 Density losses or L*a*b value changes are not consid-ered a test failure.15. Report15.1 Report the printer model, printing method, and ink andsubstrate lot numbers.15.2 Report the failure
34、or success of each of the differenttest methods.15.3 Report the test results from the instrumental colorchange evaluation (percent retained optical density and DeltaE) of the color patches, and the initial and final density orL*a*b values. Delta E shall be calculated per Test MethodD 2244. Densities
35、 shall be measured per ANSI/NAPM IT9.9,sections 3.33.6. Percent retained density shall be calculated asfollows:% Retained Density 5Optical Density After ExposureOptical Density Before Exposure3 100NOTE 3If instrumental color measurements are used, the type ofequipment, the method, and the color-diff
36、erence equation used must bestated.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
37、of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this
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39、our views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F229203e13
