1、Designation: F 2304 03Standard Practice forRehabilitation of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedures for testing andsealing individual sewer pipe joints with appropriate chemicalgrouts using the pac
3、ker method. Sewer systems shall includesanitary, storm, and combined and their appurtenances. Chemi-cal grouting is a soil sealing process, which seals the voidswithin the soil surrounding the exterior of the pipe at the pointof leakage. Chemical grouting is not considered a structuralrepair.1.2 Thi
4、s practice applies to sewers 6 to 42 in. (18 to 107 cm)in diameter. Larger diameter pipe may be grouted with spe-cialized packers or man entry methods. Host pipe interiorsurfaces must be adequate to create an effective seal for thepacker elements.1.3 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be r
5、egardedas the standard. The values in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 Worker safety training should include reviewing thehazards associated with hoses, pumps, tanks, couplers, com-pressors, bottles, motors, and all other related applicationapparatus. Additional safety considerations includin
6、g safelyhandling, mixing, and transporting of chemical grouts shouldbe provided by the chemical grout manufacturer or supplier orboth. Their safe operating practices and procedures shoulddescribe in detail appropriate personal protective equipment(PPE) for the various grouting operations. Operations
7、 coveredshould include the proper storage, transportation, mixing, anddisposal of chemical grouts, additives, and their associatedcontainers.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
8、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 NASSCO Standards:NASSCO Specifications Guidelines, Wastewater Collec-tions Systems Maintenance and Rehab, Sewer Line Clean-ing2NASSCO Specification
9、s Guidelines, Wastewater Collec-tions Systems Maintenance and Rehab, Television Inspec-tion, Main Sewers23. Summary of Practice3.1 The work required by this practice shall consist offurnishing all labor, materials, equipment and supervising andperforming all work necessary to rehabilitate the design
10、atedsanitary or storm sewer lines or both, all in accordance with theprocedures. The work shall consist of, but not necessarily belimited to, performing the following tasks where specified:3.1.1 Sewer Line Cleaning, shall be performed with hydrau-lically propelled high-velocity jet or mechanically p
11、oweredequipment. Selection of equipment shall be based on fieldconditions such as access to manholes, quantity of debris, sizeof sewer, depth of flow, and so forth. NASSCO SpecificationsGuidelines, Wastewater Collection Systems Maintenance andRehabilitation, Sewer Line Cleaning section adequately ad
12、-dresses the sewer line cleaning process in the current edition.3.1.2 Sewer Flow Control, shall be performed as required tocomply with this practice.3.1.3 Television Inspection, shall be required to reveal anddocument sewer line conditions and be performed in advanceof or in conjunction with pipe jo
13、int testing and sealing sewerpipe joints. NASSCO Specifications Guidelines, WastewaterCollection Systems Maintenance and Rehabilitation, Televi-sion Inspection, Main Sewers section adequately addressessewer line television inspection processes in the current edi-tion.3.1.4 Sewer Pipe Joint Testing,
14、shall be performed toidentify defective (infiltrating/exfiltrating) pipe joints and shallbe accomplished by applying a positive test pressure to each1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technologyand Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
15、F36.20on Rehabilitation of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting Techniques.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published August 2003.2NASSCO, 1108 Sheller Ave., Suite 5, Chambersburg, PA 17201.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United S
16、tates.individual sewer pipe joint, monitoring the test pressure andany test pressure decay, or through visual observation of theleaking joint.3.1.5 Sewer Pipe Joint Sealing, shall be accomplished bythe pressure injection of chemical grout (chemical sealingmaterial) into the soils encompassing the pi
17、pe joint. Chemicalgrouts are designed to be injected into the soil surrounding thepipe, which stabilizes the soil and forms a permanent imper-meable seal called a soil ring. Because the chemical grout isplaced outside the pipe, adequate volumes must be injected toform an effective seal. This applica
18、tion will be throughstructurally sound joints from within the pipe (packer method)in tandem with a closed circuit television inspection system.4. Significance and Use4.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of sewer pipe joints isa practice that can assist in maintaining and optimizing sewerperforman
19、ce. It is important to identify methods that use themost current compounds and technology to ensure the reduc-tion of infiltration and exfiltration. The method selected shouldutilize environmentally safe grout and minimize the disruptionof traffic.4.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test
20、, and sealsewer pipe joints, having selected the appropriate chemicalgrouts, using the packer method. Television inspection andjoint testing are used to identify sewer line conditions, defec-tive joints, and document the repairs undertaken. Instruction onjoint sealing, if necessary, is then detailed
21、, using pressureinjection into the soils encompassing the pipe joint with achemical grout (chemical sealing material).4.3 This practice should not be used for longitudinallycracked pipe, severely corroded pipe, structurally unsoundpipe, flattened, or out-of-roundpipe. In areas with high ground-water
22、 pressure, greater than 10 psi (68.9 ksi) at the test point,consult equipment manufacturers.5. Contract Responsibilities5.1 Sewer system rehabilitation contracts should define oraffix responsibility or make provisions for the following items:5.1.1 Notice Of Client/Owner Requirements, which arereleva
23、nt to and within the scope of work to be performed underthe contract.5.1.2 Municipal And Other Licenses And Permits, andassistance in obtaining approvals or consent from utilities orcarriers or other persons or organizations upon whose propertyor authority performance of work under the contract migh
24、timpinge; or a written release from responsibility for theperformance of work under the contract if and to the extentsuch work is precluded by the inability to obtain approvals orconsent.5.1.3 Access To Site Of Work, to be provided to the extentthat the owner is legally able to so provide or, if not
25、 so able, awritten release from responsibility for the performance of workat sites where access cannot be made available.5.1.4 Clearances of Blockages or Obstructions, in the sewersystem, if any, if such clearance is required for performance ofwork under the contract and if such clearance is not oth
26、erwiseprovided for within the contract.5.1.5 Location and Exposure of All Manholes, unless other-wise provided for in the contract.5.1.6 Manhole Numbering System, for all areas of theproject and accurate manhole invert elevations when requiredfor performance of the work.5.1.7 Shutdown or Manual Oper
27、ation of Certain PumpStations, if such becomes necessary for performance of thework.5.1.8 Water, necessary for performance of work under thecontract, from fire hydrants or other sources must be obtainedin accordance with local ordinances.5.1.9 Disposal Area, for all materials removed from thesewers
28、during the performance of the work and the unencum-bered right of the contractor to transport and expeditiouslydispose of such materials at a location designated by the owner.5.1.10 Secure Storage Area, of a size adequate to accom-modate the required vehicles, equipment, and materials for theperiod
29、of the contract.5.1.11 Notice To Third Parties, (such as utilities and affectedresidents ) of the contractors intent to perform work in an areawhere such parties may have rights to underground property orfacilities. Request for maps or other descriptive information asto the nature and location of su
30、ch underground facilities orproperty and assurance of the contractors ability to enter uponany public or private lands to which access is required forperformance of the work under the contract.5.1.12 Information Pertinent to the Site of the projectincluding reports prepared under previously accompli
31、shedstudies or surveys and other data relative to the project,including maps, drawings, construction specifications sewersystem records, and so forth.5.1.13 Authorization to perform work that must be per-formed during nighttime hours, on weekends, or on holidays.5.1.14 Traffc Control, as specified b
32、y the agency withjurisdiction over the roadway or by uniformed officers whenthe safety of workers or the public requires such protection.5.1.15 The contractor shall certify that backup equipment isavailable and can be delivered to the site within 48 h.5.1.16 Submit work schedule to the owners repres
33、entativefor review and approval before commencement of the project.5.1.17 Submit equipment operating procedures and systemsto the owners representative for review and approval beforecommencement of the project.6. Chemical Grout (Chemical Sealing Materials)6.1 The intent of this section is to define
34、the properties thata chemical sealing material must have to perform effectively inthe intended application and under expected field conditions.The intended application is remotely sealing sewer pipe jointswith a sealing packer as specified in Section 12.6.1.1 Generic chemical sealing materials curre
35、ntly in usealong with the basic properties, performance standards, andmix ratios, which are known to give acceptable performance,are listed in 6.2.6.1.2 It is recognized that new and improved chemicalsealing materials will become available from time to time.F2304032Sources, manufacturers, and produc
36、t names of chemical seal-ing materials will thus change from time to time and thereforespecific sources, manufacturers, and product names are notgiven.6.1.3 In every case, mixing and handling of chemicalsealing materials shall be in accordance with the manufactur-ers or suppliers recommendations or
37、both.6.2 GeneralAll chemical-sealing materials used in theperformance of the work specified must have the followingcharacteristics:6.2.1 While being injected, the chemical sealant must beable to react/perform in the presence of water (groundwater).6.2.2 The cured material must withstand submergence
38、inwater without degradation.6.2.3 The resultant chemical grout formation must preventthe passage of water (infiltration) through the soil ring andsewer pipe joint.6.2.4 The sealant material, after curing, must be flexible asopposed to brittle.6.2.5 The sealant formation must not be biodegradable.6.2
39、.6 The cured sealant should be chemically stable andresistant to the concentrations of acids, alkalis, and organicsfound in normal wastewater and storm water.6.2.7 Packaging of component materials must be compat-ible with field storage and handling requirements. Packagingmust provide for worker safe
40、ty and minimize spillage duringhandling.6.2.8 Measurement of the component materials being mixedmust be compatible with field operations.6.2.9 Field cleanup must be done without inordinate use offlammable or hazardous chemicals.6.2.10 Residual sealing materials must be easily removablefrom the sewer
41、 to prevent reduction or blockage of the flow.36.3 Chemical Sealing MaterialsThe following is a ge-neric listing of chemical sealing materials currently in use andthe basic requirements, properties, and characteristics of each.6.3.1 Acrylamide Base Gel Sealing Material:6.3.1.1 A minimum of 10 % acry
42、lamide base material byweight in total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acryla-mide base material may be used to increase strength or offsetdilution during injection.6.3.1.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water during injection.6.3.1.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 c
43、entipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.6.3.1.4 Maintains a constant viscosity during the reactionperiod.6.3.1.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.6.3.1.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homogeneous,chemically stable, nonbiodegradable, firm, flexible gel.6.3.1.7 The ability
44、 to increase mix viscosity, density and gelstrength by the use of additives.6.3.2 Acrylic Base Gel Chemical Sealing Material:6.3.2.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylic base material by weightin the total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylic basematerial may be used to increase strength or offset di
45、lutionduring injection.6.3.2.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water during injection.6.3.2.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.6.3.2.4 A constant viscosity during the reaction period.6.3.2.5 A controllable reaction time from 10
46、s to 1 h.6.3.2.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homogenous,chemically stable, nonbiodegradable, flexible gel.6.3.2.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, and gelstrength by the use of additives.6.3.3 Urethane Base Gel Chemical Sealing Material:6.3.3.1 One part urethane prepolymer t
47、horoughly mixedwith between five and ten parts of water weight. The recom-mended mix ratio is one part urethane prepolymer to eight partsof water (11 % prepolymer). When high flow rates from leaksare encountered, the ratio of water being pumped may belowered.6.3.3.2 A liquid prepolymer having a soli
48、ds content of 75 to95 % and a specific gravity of greater than 1.00.6.3.3.3 A liquid prepolymer having a viscosity of between100 and 1500 centipoise at 70F (21.1C) that can be pumpedthrough 500 ft (152 m) of12-in. (1.3-cm) hose with a 1000-psi(6895-kPa) head at a flow rate of 1 oz/s.6.3.3.4 The wate
49、r used to react the prepolymer should haveapHof5to9.6.3.3.5 A cure time appropriate for the conditions encoun-tered.6.3.3.6 A relatively rapid viscosity increase of theprepolymer/water mix. Viscosity should increase rapidly in thefirst minute for 1 to 8 prepolymer/water ration at 50F (10C).6.3.3.7 A reaction (curing) that produces a chemically stableand nonbiodegradable, tough, flexible gel.6.3.3.8 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, gelstrength, and resistance to shrinkage by the use of additives.6.3.4 Urethane Base Foam Chemical Sealing Material:6.3.4.1 Approxim
