1、Designation: F2304 10Standard Practice forSealing of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedures for testing andsealing individual sewer pipe joints with appropriate chemicalgrouts using the packer method
3、. Sewer systems shall includesanitary, storm, and combined and their appurtenances. Chemi-cal grouting is a soil sealing process, which seals the voidswithin the soil surrounding the exterior of the pipe at the pointof leakage. Chemical grouting is not considered a structuralrepair.1.2 This practice
4、 applies to sewers 6 to 42 in. (18 to 107 cm)in diameter. Larger diameter pipe may be grouted with spe-cialized packers or man entry methods. Host pipe interiorsurfaces must be adequate to create an effective seal for thepacker elements.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas
5、standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 Worker safety training should include reviewing thehazards associated with hoses, pumps, tanks, couplers, com-pressors, bottles, motors, and all
6、 other related applicationapparatus. Additional safety considerations including safelyhandling, mixing, and transporting of chemical grouts shouldbe provided by the chemical grout manufacturer or supplier orboth. Their safe operating practices and procedures shoulddescribe in detail appropriate pers
7、onal protective equipment(PPE) for the various grouting operations. Operations coveredshould include the proper storage, transportation, mixing, anddisposal of chemical grouts, additives, and their associatedcontainers.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
8、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 NASSCO Standards:2NASSCO Specifications Guidelines Wastewater Collect
9、ionSystems Maintenance and RehabilitationNASSCO Specifications GuidelineSewer Line Cleaning-Wastewater Collections Systems Maintenance and Re-hab, Sewer Line CleaningNASSCO Specifications GuidelinesTelevision Inspection,Main Sewers Wastewater Collections Systems Mainte-nance and Rehab, Television In
10、spection, Main Sewers3. Summary of Practice3.1 The work required by this practice shall consist offurnishing all labor, materials, equipment and supervising andperforming all work necessary to rehabilitate the designatedsanitary or storm sewer lines or both, all in accordance with theprocedures. The
11、 work shall consist of, but not necessarily belimited to, performing the following tasks where specified:3.1.1 Sewer Line Cleaning, shall be performed with hydrau-lically propelled high-velocity jet or mechanically poweredequipment. Selection of equipment shall be based on fieldconditions such as ac
12、cess to manholes, quantity of debris, sizeof sewer, depth of flow, and so forth. NASSCO SpecificationsGuidelineSewer Line Cleaning section adequately addressesthe sewer line cleaning process in the current edition.3.1.2 Sewer Flow Control, shall be performed as required tocomply with this practice.3
13、.1.3 Television Inspection, shall be required to reveal anddocument sewer line conditions and be performed in advanceof or in conjunction with pipe joint testing and sealing sewerpipe joints. NASSCO Specifications GuidelinesTelevisionInspection, Main Sewers section adequately addresses sewerline tel
14、evision inspection processes in the current edition.3.1.4 Sewer Pipe Joint Testing, shall be performed toidentify defective (infiltrating/exfiltrating) pipe joints and shallbe accomplished by applying a positive test pressure to eachindividual sewer pipe joint, monitoring the test pressure andany te
15、st pressure decay, or through visual observation of theleaking joint.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technologyand Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.Current e
16、dition approved May 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2304 03. DOI: 10.1520/F2304-10.2Available NASSCO, 1108 Sheller Ave., Suite 5, Chambersburg, PA 17201.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
17、hocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.5 Sewer Pipe Joint Sealing, shall be accomplished bythe pressure injection of chemical grout (chemical sealingmaterial) into the soils encompassing the pipe joint. Chemicalgrouts are designed to be injected into the soil surrounding thepipe, which stabilizes
18、the soil and forms a permanent imper-meable seal called a soil ring. Because the chemical grout isplaced outside the pipe, adequate volumes must be injected toform an effective seal. This application will be throughstructurally sound joints from within the pipe (packer method)in tandem with a closed
19、 circuit television inspection system.4. Significance and Use4.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of sewer pipe joints isa practice that can assist in maintaining and optimizing sewerperformance. It is important to identify methods that use themost current compounds and technology to ensure the r
20、educ-tion of infiltration and exfiltration. The method selected shouldutilize environmentally safe grout and minimize the disruptionof traffic.4.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and sealsewer pipe joints, having selected the appropriate chemicalgrouts, using the packer method. Tel
21、evision inspection andjoint testing are used to identify sewer line conditions, defec-tive joints, and document the repairs undertaken. Instruction onjoint sealing, if necessary, is then detailed, using pressureinjection into the soils encompassing the pipe joint with achemical grout (chemical seali
22、ng material).4.3 This practice should not be used for longitudinallycracked pipe, severely corroded pipe, structurally unsoundpipe, flattened, or out-of-roundpipe. In areas with high ground-water pressure, greater than 10 psi (68.9 ksi) at the test point,consult equipment manufacturers.5. Contract R
23、esponsibilities5.1 Sewer system sealing contracts should define or affixresponsibility or make provisions for the following items:5.1.1 Notice of Client/Owner Requirements, which are rel-evant to and within the scope of work to be performed underthe contract.5.1.2 Municipal and Other Licenses and Pe
24、rmits, and assis-tance in obtaining approvals or consent from utilities or carriersor other persons or organizations upon whose property orauthority performance of work under the contract mightimpinge; or a written release from responsibility for theperformance of work under the contract if and to t
25、he extentsuch work is precluded by the inability to obtain approvals orconsent.5.1.3 Access to Site of Work, to be provided to the extent thatthe owner is legally able to so provide or, if not so able, awritten release from responsibility for the performance of workat sites where access cannot be ma
26、de available.5.1.4 Clearances of Blockages or Obstructions, in the sewersystem, if any, if such clearance is required for performance ofwork under the contract and if such clearance is not otherwiseprovided for within the contract.5.1.5 Location and Exposure of All Manholes, unless other-wise provid
27、ed for in the contract.5.1.6 Manhole Numbering System, for all areas of theproject and accurate manhole invert elevations when requiredfor performance of the work.5.1.7 Shutdown or Manual Operation of Certain PumpStations, if such becomes necessary for performance of thework.5.1.8 Water, necessary f
28、or performance of work under thecontract, from fire hydrants or other sources must be obtainedin accordance with local ordinances.5.1.9 Disposal Area, for all materials removed from thesewers during the performance of the work and the unencum-bered right of the contractor to transport and expeditiou
29、slydispose of such materials at a location designated by the owner.5.1.10 Secure Storage Area, of a size adequate to accom-modate the required vehicles, equipment, and materials for theperiod of the contract.5.1.11 Notice yo Third Parties, (such as utilities and affectedresidents ) of the contractor
30、s intent to perform work in an areawhere such parties may have rights to underground property orfacilities. Request for maps or other descriptive information asto the nature and location of such underground facilities orproperty and assurance of the contractors ability to enter uponany public or pri
31、vate lands to which access is required forperformance of the work under the contract.5.1.12 Information Pertinent to the Site of the projectincluding reports prepared under previously accomplishedstudies or surveys and other data relative to the project,including maps, drawings, construction specifi
32、cations sewersystem records, and so forth.5.1.13 Authorization to perform work that must be per-formed during nighttime hours, on weekends, or on holidays.5.1.14 Traffc Control, as specified by the agency withjurisdiction over the roadway or by uniformed officers whenthe safety of workers or the pub
33、lic requires such protection.5.1.15 The contractor shall certify that backup equipment isavailable and can be delivered to the site within 48 h.5.1.16 Submit work schedule to the owners representativefor review and approval before commencement of the project.5.1.17 Submit equipment operating procedu
34、res and systemsto the owners representative for review and approval beforecommencement of the project.6. Chemical Grout (Chemical Sealing Materials)6.1 The intent of this section is to define the properties thata chemical sealing material must have to perform effectively inthe intended application a
35、nd under expected field conditions.The intended application is remotely sealing sewer pipe jointswith a sealing packer as specified in Section 12.6.1.1 Generic chemical sealing materials currently in usealong with the basic properties, performance standards, andmix ratios, which are known to give ac
36、ceptable performance,are listed in 6.2.6.1.2 It is recognized that new and improved chemicalsealing materials will become available from time to time.Sources, manufacturers, and product names of chemical seal-ing materials will thus change from time to time and thereforespecific sources, manufacture
37、rs, and product names are notgiven.F2304 1026.1.3 In every case, mixing and handling of chemicalsealing materials shall be in accordance with the manufactur-ers or suppliers recommendations or both.6.2 GeneralAll chemical-sealing materials used in theperformance of the work specified must have the f
38、ollowingcharacteristics:6.2.1 While being injected, the chemical sealant must beable to react/perform in the presence of water (groundwater).6.2.2 The cured material must withstand submergence inwater without degradation.6.2.3 The resultant chemical grout formation must preventthe passage of water (
39、infiltration) through the soil ring andsewer pipe joint.6.2.4 The sealant material, after curing, must be flexible asopposed to brittle.6.2.5 The sealant formation must not be biodegradable.6.2.6 The cured sealant should be chemically stable andresistant to the concentrations of acids, alkalis, and
40、organicsfound in normal wastewater and storm water.6.2.7 Packaging of component materials must be compat-ible with field storage and handling requirements. Packagingmust provide for worker safety and minimize spillage duringhandling.6.2.8 Measurement of the component materials being mixedmust be com
41、patible with field operations.6.2.9 Field cleanup must be done without inordinate use offlammable or hazardous chemicals.6.2.10 Residual sealing materials must be easily removablefrom the sewer to prevent reduction or blockage of the flow.36.3 Chemical Sealing MaterialsThe following is a ge-neric li
42、sting of chemical sealing materials currently in use andthe basic requirements, properties, and characteristics of each.6.3.1 Acrylamide Base Gel Sealing Material:6.3.1.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylamide base material byweight in total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acryla-mide base material may
43、 be used to increase strength or offsetdilution during injection.6.3.1.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water during injection.6.3.1.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.6.3.1.4 Maintains a constant viscosity during the reactionp
44、eriod.6.3.1.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.6.3.1.6 Areaction (curing), which produces a homogeneous,chemically stable, nonbiodegradable, firm, flexible gel.6.3.1.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density and gelstrength by the use of additives.6.3.2 Acrylic Base Gel Chemical
45、Sealing Material:6.3.2.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylic base material by weightin the total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylic basematerial may be used to increase strength or offset dilutionduring injection.6.3.2.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water during injecti
46、on.6.3.2.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.6.3.2.4 A constant viscosity during the reaction period.6.3.2.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.6.3.2.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homogenous,chemically stable, nonbiodegradable, flexi
47、ble gel.6.3.2.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, and gelstrength by the use of additives.6.3.3 Urethane Base Gel Chemical Sealing Material:6.3.3.1 One part urethane prepolymer thoroughly mixedwith between five and ten parts of water weight. The recom-mended mix ratio is one part ureth
48、ane prepolymer to eight partsof water (11 % prepolymer). When high flow rates from leaksare encountered, the ratio of water being pumped may belowered.6.3.3.2 A liquid prepolymer having a solids content of 75 to95 % and a specific gravity of greater than 1.00.6.3.3.3 A liquid prepolymer having a vis
49、cosity of between100 and 1500 centipoise at 70F (21.1C) that can be pumpedthrough 500 ft (152 m) of12-in. (1.3-cm) hose with a 1000-psi(6895-kPa) head at a flow rate of 1 oz/s.6.3.3.4 The water used to react the prepolymer should haveapHof5to9.6.3.3.5 A cure time appropriate for the conditions encoun-tered.6.3.3.6 A relatively rapid viscosity increase of theprepolymer/water mix. Viscosity should increase rapidly in thefirst minute for 1 to 8 prepolymer/water ration at 50F (10C).6.3.3.7 Areaction (curing) that produces a chemically stableand nonbiodegradable, tough, fl
