1、Designation: F2304 10 (Reapproved 2016)1Standard Practice forSealing of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in May 2016.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedures for testing andsealing individua
3、l sewer pipe joints with appropriate chemicalgrouts using the packer method. Sewer systems shall includesanitary, storm, and combined and their appurtenances. Chemi-cal grouting is a soil sealing process, which seals the voidswithin the soil surrounding the exterior of the pipe at the pointof leakag
4、e. Chemical grouting is not considered a structuralrepair.1.2 This practice applies to sewers 6 to 42 in. (18 to 107 cm)in diameter. Larger diameter pipe may be grouted with spe-cialized packers or man entry methods. Host pipe interiorsurfaces must be adequate to create an effective seal for thepack
5、er elements.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 Worker safety training should include reviewing thehazards associated
6、 with hoses, pumps, tanks, couplers,compressors, bottles, motors, and all other related applicationapparatus. Additional safety considerations including safelyhandling, mixing, and transporting of chemical grouts shouldbe provided by the chemical grout manufacturer or supplier orboth. Their safe ope
7、rating practices and procedures shoulddescribe in detail appropriate personal protective equipment(PPE) for the various grouting operations. Operations coveredshould include the proper storage, transportation, mixing, anddisposal of chemical grouts, additives, and their associatedcontainers.1.5 This
8、 standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents
9、2.1 NASSCO Standards:2NASSCO Specifications Guidelines Wastewater CollectionSystems Maintenance and RehabilitationNASSCO Specifications GuidelineSewer Line Clean-ing Wastewater Collections Systems Maintenance andRehab, Sewer Line CleaningNASSCO Specifications GuidelinesTelevision Inspection,Main Sew
10、ers Wastewater Collections Systems Mainte-nance and Rehab, Television Inspection, Main Sewers3. Summary of Practice3.1 The work required by this practice shall consist offurnishing all labor, materials, equipment and supervising andperforming all work necessary to rehabilitate the designatedsanitary
11、 or storm sewer lines or both, all in accordance with theprocedures. The work shall consist of, but not necessarily belimited to, performing the following tasks where specified:3.1.1 Sewer Line Cleaning, shall be performed with hydrau-lically propelled high-velocity jet or mechanically poweredequipm
12、ent. Selection of equipment shall be based on fieldconditions such as access to manholes, quantity of debris, sizeof sewer, depth of flow, and so forth. NASSCO SpecificationsGuidelineSewer Line Cleaning section adequately addressesthe sewer line cleaning process in the current edition.3.1.2 Sewer Fl
13、ow Control, shall be performed as required tocomply with this practice.3.1.3 Television Inspection, shall be required to reveal anddocument sewer line conditions and be performed in advanceof or in conjunction with pipe joint testing and sealing sewerpipe joints. NASSCO Specifications GuidelinesTele
14、visionInspection, Main Sewers section adequately addresses sewerline television inspection processes in the current edition.3.1.4 Sewer Pipe Joint Testing, shall be performed toidentify defective (infiltrating/exfiltrating) pipe joints and shallbe accomplished by applying a positive test pressure to
15、 eachindividual sewer pipe joint, monitoring the test pressure andany test pressure decay, or through visual observation of theleaking joint.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technologyand Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20on
16、 Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2304 10. DOI:10.1520/F2304-10R16E01.2Available from National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSC
17、O),2470 Longstone Lane, Suite M, Marriottsville, MD 21104, http:/www.nassco.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 Sewer Pipe Joint Sealing, shall be accomplished bythe pressure injection of chemical grout (chemical
18、 sealingmaterial) into the soils encompassing the pipe joint. Chemicalgrouts are designed to be injected into the soil surrounding thepipe, which stabilizes the soil and forms a permanent imper-meable seal called a soil ring. Because the chemical grout isplaced outside the pipe, adequate volumes mus
19、t be injected toform an effective seal. This application will be throughstructurally sound joints from within the pipe (packer method)in tandem with a closed circuit television inspection system.4. Significance and Use4.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of sewer pipe joints isa practice that can
20、 assist in maintaining and optimizing sewerperformance. It is important to identify methods that use themost current compounds and technology to ensure the reduc-tion of infiltration and exfiltration. The method selected shouldutilize environmentally safe grout and minimize the disruptionof traffic.
21、4.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and sealsewer pipe joints, having selected the appropriate chemicalgrouts, using the packer method. Television inspection andjoint testing are used to identify sewer line conditions, defec-tive joints, and document the repairs undertaken. Instruc
22、tion onjoint sealing, if necessary, is then detailed, using pressureinjection into the soils encompassing the pipe joint with achemical grout (chemical sealing material).4.3 This practice should not be used for longitudinallycracked pipe, severely corroded pipe, structurally unsoundpipe, flattened,
23、or out-of-roundpipe. In areas with high ground-water pressure, greater than 10 psi (68.9 ksi) at the test point,consult equipment manufacturers.5. Contract Responsibilities5.1 Sewer system sealing contracts should define or affixresponsibility or make provisions for the following items:5.1.1 Notice
24、of Client/Owner Requirements, which are rel-evant to and within the scope of work to be performed underthe contract.5.1.2 Municipal and Other Licenses and Permits, and assis-tance in obtaining approvals or consent from utilities or carriersor other persons or organizations upon whose property orauth
25、ority performance of work under the contract mightimpinge; or a written release from responsibility for theperformance of work under the contract if and to the extentsuch work is precluded by the inability to obtain approvals orconsent.5.1.3 Access to Site of Work, to be provided to the extent thatt
26、he owner is legally able to so provide or, if not so able, awritten release from responsibility for the performance of workat sites where access cannot be made available.5.1.4 Clearances of Blockages or Obstructions, in the sewersystem, if any, if such clearance is required for performance ofwork un
27、der the contract and if such clearance is not otherwiseprovided for within the contract.5.1.5 Location and Exposure of All Manholes, unless other-wise provided for in the contract.5.1.6 Manhole Numbering System, for all areas of theproject and accurate manhole invert elevations when requiredfor perf
28、ormance of the work.5.1.7 Shutdown or Manual Operation of Certain PumpStations, if such becomes necessary for performance of thework.5.1.8 Water, necessary for performance of work under thecontract, from fire hydrants or other sources must be obtainedin accordance with local ordinances.5.1.9 Disposa
29、l Area, for all materials removed from thesewers during the performance of the work and the unencum-bered right of the contractor to transport and expeditiouslydispose of such materials at a location designated by the owner.5.1.10 Secure Storage Area, of a size adequate to accom-modate the required
30、vehicles, equipment, and materials for theperiod of the contract.5.1.11 Notice to Third Parties, (such as utilities and affectedresidents ) of the contractors intent to perform work in an areawhere such parties may have rights to underground property orfacilities. Request for maps or other descripti
31、ve information asto the nature and location of such underground facilities orproperty and assurance of the contractors ability to enter uponany public or private lands to which access is required forperformance of the work under the contract.5.1.12 Information Pertinent to the Site of the projectinc
32、luding reports prepared under previously accomplishedstudies or surveys and other data relative to the project,including maps, drawings, construction specifications sewersystem records, and so forth.5.1.13 Authorization to perform work that must be per-formed during nighttime hours, on weekends, or
33、on holidays.5.1.14 Traffc Control, as specified by the agency withjurisdiction over the roadway or by uniformed officers whenthe safety of workers or the public requires such protection.5.1.15 The contractor shall certify that backup equipment isavailable and can be delivered to the site within 48 h
34、.5.1.16 Submit work schedule to the owners representativefor review and approval before commencement of the project.5.1.17 Submit equipment operating procedures and systemsto the owners representative for review and approval beforecommencement of the project.6. Chemical Grout (Chemical Sealing Mater
35、ials)6.1 The intent of this section is to define the properties thata chemical sealing material must have to perform effectively inthe intended application and under expected field conditions.The intended application is remotely sealing sewer pipe jointswith a sealing packer as specified in Section
36、12.6.1.1 Generic chemical sealing materials currently in usealong with the basic properties, performance standards, andmix ratios, which are known to give acceptable performance,are listed in 6.2.6.1.2 It is recognized that new and improved chemicalsealing materials will become available from time t
37、o time.Sources, manufacturers, and product names of chemical seal-ing materials will thus change from time to time and thereforespecific sources, manufacturers, and product names are notgiven.F2304 10 (2016)126.1.3 In every case, mixing and handling of chemicalsealing materials shall be in accordanc
38、e with the manufactur-ers or suppliers recommendations or both.6.2 GeneralAll chemical-sealing materials used in theperformance of the work specified must have the followingcharacteristics:6.2.1 While being injected, the chemical sealant must beable to react/perform in the presence of water (groundw
39、ater).6.2.2 The cured material must withstand submergence inwater without degradation.6.2.3 The resultant chemical grout formation must preventthe passage of water (infiltration) through the soil ring andsewer pipe joint.6.2.4 The sealant material, after curing, must be flexible asopposed to brittle
40、.6.2.5 The sealant formation must not be biodegradable.6.2.6 The cured sealant should be chemically stable andresistant to the concentrations of acids, alkalis, and organicsfound in normal wastewater and storm water.6.2.7 Packaging of component materials must be compat-ible with field storage and ha
41、ndling requirements. Packagingmust provide for worker safety and minimize spillage duringhandling.6.2.8 Measurement of the component materials being mixedmust be compatible with field operations.6.2.9 Field cleanup must be done without inordinate use offlammable or hazardous chemicals.6.2.10 Residua
42、l sealing materials must be easily removablefrom the sewer to prevent reduction or blockage of the flow.36.3 Chemical Sealing MaterialsThe following is a genericlisting of chemical sealing materials currently in use and thebasic requirements, properties, and characteristics of each.6.3.1 Acrylamide
43、Base Gel Sealing Material:6.3.1.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylamide base material byweight in total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acryl-amide base material may be used to increase strength or offsetdilution during injection.6.3.1.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water d
44、uring injection.6.3.1.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.6.3.1.4 Maintains a constant viscosity during the reactionperiod.6.3.1.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.6.3.1.6 Areaction (curing), which produces a homogeneous,chemically stable, n
45、onbiodegradable, firm, flexible gel.6.3.1.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density and gelstrength by the use of additives.6.3.2 Acrylic Base Gel Chemical Sealing Material:6.3.2.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylic base material by weightin the total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylic bas
46、ematerial may be used to increase strength or offset dilutionduring injection.6.3.2.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water during injection.6.3.2.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.6.3.2.4 A constant viscosity during the reacti
47、on period.6.3.2.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.6.3.2.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homogenous,chemically stable, nonbiodegradable, flexible gel.6.3.2.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, and gelstrength by the use of additives.6.3.3 Urethane Base Gel Chemical
48、Sealing Material:6.3.3.1 One part urethane prepolymer thoroughly mixedwith between five and ten parts of water weight. The recom-mended mix ratio is one part urethane prepolymer to eight partsof water (11 % prepolymer). When high flow rates from leaksare encountered, the ratio of water being pumped
49、may belowered.6.3.3.2 A liquid prepolymer having a solids content of 75 to95 % and a specific gravity of greater than 1.00.6.3.3.3 A liquid prepolymer having a viscosity of between100 and 1500 centipoise at 70F (21.1C) that can be pumpedthrough 500 ft (152 m) of12-in. (1.3-cm) hose with a 1000-psi(6895-kPa) head at a flow rate of 1 oz/s.6.3.3.4 The water used to react the prepolymer should haveapHof5to9.6.3.3.5 A cure time appropriate for the conditions encoun-tered.6.3.3.6 A relatively rapid viscosity increase of theprepolymer/water mix. Viscosity should increase
