1、Designation: F2306/F2306M 14Standard Specification for12 to 60 in. 300 to 1500 mm Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Gravity-FlowStorm Sewer and Subsurface Drainage Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2306/F2306M; the number immediat
2、ely following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This sp
3、ecification covers requirements and test methodsfor annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe andfittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameterscovered are 12 to 60 in. 300 to 1500 mm.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended toprovide pipe and fittings suitable
4、for underground use forgravity-flow storm sewer and subsurface drainage systems.NOTE 1Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specifica-tion shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with aninterior liner using a corrugated exteri
5、or profile (Fig. 1).1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may resu
6、lt in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this s
7、tandard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2122 Test Met
8、hod for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsD2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Tes
9、t Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer PlasticPipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-tings MaterialsF412 Term
10、inology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-ing Plastic PipeF2136 Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress(NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resis-tance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe2.2 AASHTO Standard:3AASHTO LRFD B
11、ridge Design SpecificationsLRFD, Section 12 Bridge Design Specifications Section 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel LinersAASHTO M 145 : Classification of Soils and AggregateMixtures2.3 Department of Agriculture Standard:Standard 606 Soil Conservation Service Engineering42.4 Federal Standard:Fed. Std.
12、No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)52.5 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage51This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.Current edition approved Nov.
13、 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2306/F2306M-13.DOI: 10.1520/F2306_F2306M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStand
14、ards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.4Available from U.S. Government Pr
15、inting Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. http:/www.gpo.gov/about/bookstore.htm5DLA Document Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA19111-5094 http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of
16、 this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.6 NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Pro-gram) Report:6NCHRP Report 631 Updated Test and Design Methods forThermoplastic Drainage Pipe3. Terminology3.1 Definiti
17、onsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.The abbreviation forpolyethylene is PE.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 design diameter, nthe manufacturers stated insidediameter.3.
18、2.2 mold line, na line formed on the product as a resultof the mold blocks coming together during manufacturing.3.2.3 profile wall, na pipe wall construction that presentsan interior liner in the waterway but includes ribs, corrugations,or other shapes, which can be either solid or hollow, that help
19、sbrace the pipe against diametrical deformation.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shallinclude the following information to adequately describe thedesired product:4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Perforations:4.1.2.1 With perforations,4.1.2.2
20、 Without perforations,4.1.3 Diameters,4.1.4 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.5 Pipe laying length,4.1.6 Fitting type(s):4.1.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline andbranch diameters, and4.1.6.2 Number of fittings per diameter.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Basic Material
21、s:5.1.1 Pipe and Blow-Molded FittingsThe pipe and fittingsshall be made of virgin PE plastic compound meeting therequirements of Specification D3350 cell classification435400C or 435400E, except that carbon black content shallnot exceed 4 %. Compounds that have a higher cell classifi-cation in one o
22、r more properties shall be permitted provided thedensity of the base resin shall not exceed 0.955 g/cm3and allother product requirements are met. For slow crack-growthresistance, resins shall be evaluated using the notched constantligament stress (NCLS) test according to the procedure de-scribed in
23、7.8. The average failure time of the five testspecimens shall exceed 24 h with no single test specimensfailure time less than 17 h.5.1.2 Rotationally Molded Fittings and CouplingsCompounds used in the manufacture of rotationally moldedfittings and couplings shall be virgin PE meeting the require-men
24、ts of Specification D3350 and cell classification 213320Cor 213320E, except that the carbon black content shall notexceed 4 %. Compounds that have a higher cell classificationin one or more properties shall be permitted provided thedensity of the base resin shall not exceed 0.940 g/cm3and allother p
25、roduct requirements are met.5.1.3 Injection-Molded Fittings and CouplingsCompounds used in the manufacture of injection moldedfittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE meeting therequirements of Specification D3350 and cell classification414420C or 414420E, except that the carbon black conte
26、ntshall not exceed 4 %. Compounds that have a higher cellclassification in one or more properties shall be permittedprovided all other product requirements are met.5.2 Rework MaterialClean rework material generatedfrom the manufacturers own pipe and fittings production shallbe permitted to be used b
27、y the same manufacturer, providedthat the material meets the requirements of 5.1.1 or 5.1.2 asapplicable for the intended part and pipe or fittings producedmeet all the requirements of this specification.6. General Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homoge-neous throughout and
28、 be as uniform as commercially practicalin color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free ofcracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or otherdefects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect the6Transportation Research Board, The National Academies 500 Fifth Street,
29、 NWWashington, DC 20001. http:/www.TRB.orgFIG. 1 Typical Annular Corrugated Pipe ProfileF2306/F2306M 142wall integrity.The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely. Holesintentionally placed in perforated pipe are acceptable.6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, obstruction toflow in perfora
30、tions, or in pipe are not permissible.6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:6.2.1 Nominal SizeThe nominal size for the pipe andfittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 1.6.2.2 Inside DiameterThe average inside diameter forpipe and fittings shall not vary more than 6 1 % from thedesign diameter wh
31、en measured in accordance with 7.4.1.NOTE 2The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of productsmanufactured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibil-ity between pipe and fittings from different manufacturers or the samemanufacturer shall be verified.6.2.3 LengthThe pipe
32、shall be supplied in any lengthagreeable to both the owner and the manufacturer. Length shallnot be less than 99 % of stated quantity when measured inaccordance with 7.4.2.6.2.4 Minimum Inner-Liner ThicknessThe minimuminner-liner thickness of the pipe shall meet the requirementsgiven in Table 1 when
33、 measured in accordance with 7.4.3.6.2.5 PerforationsPerforations shall be cleanly cut, placedin the valley of the corrugation rib, and uniformly spaced alongthe length and circumference of the pipe. Dimensions of theperforations and the minimum perforation inlet area shall be aslisted in Table 2. O
34、ther perforation dimensions and configura-tions shall be permitted, where required to meet the needs ofthe specifier. All measurements shall be made in accordancewith 7.4.4. Pipe connected by bell and spigot joints shall not beperforated in the area of the bells and spigots.NOTE 3For perforated pipe
35、 applications, the size of the embedmentzone and permeability of the embedment material provide the desiredlevel of infiltration or exfiltration. The pipe or embedment zone shall bewrapped with a geotextile designed to prevent migration of fine soils intothe pipe or embedment zone. Where a geotextil
36、e is not used, the gradationof the embedment material shall be compatible with the perforation size toavoid backfill migration into the pipe.6.3 Pipe StiffnessMinimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflec-tion shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 when testedin accordance with 7.5.NOTE 4The 5 % deflec
37、tion criterion, which was selected for testingconvenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. Theengineer is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.6.4 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence ofsplitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation
38、 ofthe outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when testedin accordance with 7.6.Additionally, at or below the deflectionlimit defined in Eq 1, the specimen shall be considered asfailing this test when the load does not increase continuouslywith increasing deflection.Buckling Deflection Limit
39、:b 56.15%0.5DDf0.6hp(1)where:b = minimum buckling deflection limit (%)D = mean diameter (centroid) of pipe (in mm)Df= shape factor (dimensionless fixed value of 4.27 forparallel plate test)hp= corrugation height (in mm)NOTE 5Field deflection limits are typically taken at 5% (see AnnexA1). Eq 1 is ba
40、sed on the results from NCHRP Report 631 and is definedas being derived from the standard parallel plate test equation. Theconstant value 6.15% (0.0615) in Eq 1 is the factored combined strainlimit for HDPE pipe per AASHTO LRFD Section 12. The constant value0.6 in this equation is an estimated centr
41、oidal distance for typical profilesproduced per this specification.6.5 Pipe Impact StrengthThere shall be no evidence ofsplitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation ofthe outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when testedin accordance with 7.7.6.6 Fittings and Joining Syste
42、ms:6.6.1 Only fittings supplied or recommended by the pipemanufacturer should be used. Fittings shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturers recommendations.6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design thatpreserves alignment during construction and prevents separa-tion at the joints.
43、Bell and spigot, external snap or split couplersare examples of typical designs.6.6.3 Fittings shall be supplied with joints compatible withthe overall system. All joints for gravity-flow Sewer systemsshall meet the requirements of 6.6.3.3. All other joints shallmeet the requirements of a soil-tight
44、 joint unless otherwisespecified by the owner/designer.TABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe DimensionsPipe InsideDiameterMinimum PipeStiffness at 5 %DeflectionMinimumInner LinerThicknessin. mm lb/in./in. kPa in. mm12 300 50 345 0.035 0.915 375 42 290 0.040 1.018 450 40 275 0.051 1.321 525 38 260 0.060 1.
45、524 600 34 235 0.060 1.527 675 30 205 0.060 1.530 750 28 195 0.060 1.536 900 22 150 0.067 1.742 1050 20 140 0.071 1.848 1200 18 125 0.071 1.854 1350 16 10 0.079 2.060 1500 14 95 0.079 2.0TABLE 2 Perforation DimensionsPipeInsideDiameterType of PerforationCircularMaximumDiameterMinimumInlet Areain. mm
46、 in. mm in.2/ft cm2/m12 30038 10 1.5 3015 37538 10 1.5 3018 45038 10 1.5 3021 52538 10 2.0 4024 60038 10 2.0 4027 67538 10 2.0 4030 75038 10 2.0 4036 90038 10 2.0 4042 105038 10 2.0 4048 120038 10 2.0 4054 135038 10 2.0 4060 150038 10 2.0 40F2306/F2306M 1436.6.3.1 Soil-tight joints are specified as
47、a function of open-ing size, channel length, and backfill particle size. If the size ofthe opening exceeds 3 mm, the length of the channel shall beat least four times the size of the opening. A backfill materialcontaining a high percentage of fine-graded soils requiresinvestigation for the specific
48、type of joint to be used to guardagainst soil infiltration. Information regarding joint soil tight-ness criteria can be found in AASHTOs Standard Specifica-tions for Highway Bridges, Division II, Section 26, “MetalCulverts.”NOTE 6The ability of a joint to resist soil infiltration (soil tightness)sha
49、ll be considered. Soil tightness is a function of opening size, channellength, and backfill particle size. A backfill material containing a highpercentage of Class III and Class IVA material as defined in PracticeD2321 requires consulting with the manufacturer for the specific type ofjoint to be used to guard against soil infiltration. Alternatively, the jointshall be pe
