1、Designation: F 2348 04Standard Performance Specification forPrivacy Padlocks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2348; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers functional, operational, andsecurity requirements for padlocks. Included are functiondescriptions, operational tests, forcing
3、 tests, and surreptitiousentry tests.1.2 This specification describes and grades various levels ofperformance to provide users of the specification with criteriaupon which to select suitable padlocks.1.3 Tests described are laboratory tests, and although theysimulate field conditions as to attacks,
4、they do not duplicatethese conditions. Tests described are repeatable in the labora-tory.1.4 Some users of this specification may wish to usepadlocks that have special attributes not related to security.1.5 This specification describes and grades various levels ofperformance provided by limited dual
5、 custody operation.1.6 The specific padlocks included have shackles of limiteddiameter, permitting attachment to existing zipper slides andzipper pulls and other devices provided for closure.1.7 These padlocks are considered “privacy padlocks” of-fering limited protection to forced attack similar to
6、 thatprovided by tamper-indicative security seals. A successfulforced attack would be indicated by the damage done to thepadlock. For padlocks offering greater protection to forcedattack, the user is directed to Performance Specification F 883.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
7、thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses areprovided for information only.1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions, Sections 8-11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address the safety concerns, ifany, associated with its use.
8、 It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 883 Performance Specification for Padlocks3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Te
9、rms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceptance testing, vto assure by documented test-ing that a padlock meets specific tests of Specification F 2348as agreed to by the buyer and seller.3.1.2 case, nhousing or body of a lock or latch.3.1.3 certified, vto assure by documented testing that apadlock me
10、ets all test requirements appropriate to its grading.3.1.4 combination lock, nlock that is operated by localinput of a specific series or sequence of numbers or letters3.1.5 cylinder, ncomplete operating unit which usuallyconsists of the plug, shell, tumblers, springs, plug retainer, acam/tailpiece
11、or other actuating device, and all other necessaryoperating parts.3.1.6 cylinder bitting, ngroup of numbers that representthe bitting of a key or the tumblers, or both, of a lock orcylinder.3.1.7 decode, vto determine a key combination by physi-cal measurement of a key or cylinder parts, or both.3.1
12、.8 heel, npart of a padlock shackle that normally isretained in the case when in the unlocked position.3.1.9 independent dual custody, adjfunction of a mecha-nism that allows access by two different people with differentcredentials.3.1.10 keyway, nthe opening in a lock or cylinder that isshaped to a
13、ccept a key bit or blade of a proper configuration.3.1.11 manipulate, vdialing process typically used withcombination locks to determine operational status of the lock,potential combinations, or attempt to free the mechanism.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 onSecur
14、ity Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF12.50 on Locking Devices.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
15、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.12 manipulation, nopening method for mechanicalcombination locks that uses the tolera
16、nces of that lock todetermine an opening combination.3.1.13 padlock, ndetachable and portable lock with ashackle that locks into its case.3.1.14 pick, vto manipulate tumblers in a keyed lockmechanism through the keyway, without obvious damage, bymeans other than the specifically designed key.3.1.15
17、plug, npart of a cylinder that contains the keyway,with tumbler chambers usually corresponding to those in thecylinder shell.3.1.16 rap, vto unlock a padlock shackle from its case bystriking the case to disengage the locking mechanism.3.1.17 removable cylinder, ncylinder that can be removedfrom a lo
18、cking device by a key or tool, or both.3.1.18 shackle, npart of a padlock that passes through anopening in an object or fits around an object and is ultimatelylocked into the case.3.1.19 tamper-indicative device (tid), nmechanical devicewhose physical change in state is an obvious indication oftampe
19、r3.1.20 toe, npart of a padlock shackle that is normallyreleased from the case in the unlocked position.3.1.21 tumbler, nmovable obstruction of varying size andconfiguration in a lock or cylinder that makes direct contactwith the key or another tumbler and prevents an incorrect keyor torquing device
20、 from activating the lock or other mecha-nism.3.1.22 zipper slide, nmovable device that opens andcloses a zipper.3.1.23 zipper pull, nelement attached to a zipper slide tofacilitate movement.4. Classification of Functions4.1 Types of Padlocks:4.1.1 Type P01Key operated.4.1.2 Type P02Combination oper
21、ated.4.1.3 Type P03Frangible element operated.4.1.4 Type P04Replaceable frangible element operated.4.1.5 Type P05Independent custody operated.4.2 GradesFour levels of performance are described inthis specification with Grade 0 the lowest and Grade 3 thehighest.4.3 Options:4.3.1 Option AKey is captiv
22、e in cylinder when padlock isunlocked.4.3.2 Option BNot used in this specification.4.3.3 Option CNon-changeable combination.4.3.4 Option DCombination operated with key control.5. General Requirements5.1 InferencesCylinder picking, rapping, and decodingare described in this specification. Since the s
23、kill of the persondoing the testing has a direct bearing on the results of the tests,one of each test shall be conducted by three different personshaving experience of not less than one year of approximatelythe same skill level and the results averaged for determiningrelative levels of performance.5
24、.2 Tolerances:5.2.1 Fixture TolerancesAll tolerances shall follow stan-dard machining practices unless otherwise specified.5.2.2 Test Setup Tolerances:5.2.2.1 Force: 0.5 % of working range.5.2.2.2 Height: 63 mm (0.12 in.)5.2.2.3 Torque: 4.0 % of reading.5.3 TemperatureAll tests shall be conducted be
25、tween 16and 27C (61 and 81F).5.4 Test ReportsAll test reports shall be dated.6. Test Specimens6.1 Select specimens for test at random from the manufac-turers finished stock of each size and model being certified bythe manufacturer.6.2 Padlocks may be used for multiple tests if previous testswould no
26、t influence subsequent test results.6.3 Select four padlocks for the forcing tests. For surrepti-tious entry tests, select five padlocks for each test required.Select one padlock for the cycle test.7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Tensile Loading DeviceProvide a tensile loading de-vice having a load a
27、nd force measuring capacity of 1142 to2855 mm/N (200 to 500 in./lb).8. Test Methods8.1 Forcing Tests (see Table 1)8.1.1 Tensile Test8.1.1.1 ScopeThe subject privacy class of padlock is not asecurity padlock. Any can be forced using simple well-knownattack methods. It is important that any successful
28、 forcingattack leaves clear evidence of the event.Grade per ASTM F 2348Description Units 0 P1 P2 P3Shackle Diameter mm 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0TABLE 1 Forcing Tests Required Values Units 0 F1 F2 F3Forcing tests Tensile Test lb 200 200 350 500Shackle Cutting Test lb 500 500 1000 2000Evidence of Forced Attack
29、no yes yes yesNon-Functioning after Forced Attack no yes yes yesF23480428.1.1.2 Significance and UseThe forcing tests to be per-formed establish grade levels for tensile (pulling the shacklefrom the body) and shearing (cutting the shackle). These testsrepresent the vulnerability that should be demon
30、strated andgraded (Table 1).8.1.1.3 Procedure (see 7.1)Support the locked padlock ina fixture bearing against the top surface of the case withoutinterfering with the shackle or giving support through the topof the case to the shackle-retaining mechanism. Apply therequired force slowly along the vert
31、ical centerline of thepadlock in a direct and equal tension on each leg of the shackle.Failure occurs if the padlock opens and can be relocked.8.1.1.4 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of thistest method are being determined and will be supplied withinfive years.8.1.2 Shackle Cutting Test (do
32、es not apply if test cannot beperformed)Shackles shall withstand cutting through whentwo shearing blades made of a steel hardened to a minimumhardness of Rc 50, are used in conjunction with the bladepositioning holder, is placed in a tensile loading device (see7.1) having a compression load capabili
33、ty and compressed withthe required force. See Fig. 1 for details. Failure occurs if theshackle is cut through.8.2 Surreptitious Entry Tests (see Table 2)TABLE 2 Surreptitious Entry TestsRequired ValuesUnits 0 S1 S2 S3Surreptitious Entry Tests Picking or Manipulating Test s 30 30 100 180Rap Test s 5
34、5 10 20NOTE 1Item No. 1 may be made as a multi-piece part that could be assembled by either bolt or weld construction.FIG. 1 (Sheet 1) Shackle Cutting Fixture and Blades (See Table 3 for Bill of Material)F23480438.2.1 Picking or Manipulating Test:8.2.1.1 ScopeCylinders in padlocks shall resist picki
35、ng(see 5.1) for the required time. Combination padlocks shallresist manual manipulation (see 5.1) for the required time.8.2.1.2 Significance and UseThis test represents an addi-tional vulnerability of these simple mechanisms. The criteriafor time to defeat represents the realistic performance to bee
36、xpected. The manufacturer must incorporate the appropriatemechanisms and materials to achieve the performance valuesfound in Tables 1 and 2. The user can distinguish the levels ofperformance suitable to his application by use of the gradesprovided in Tables 1 and 2.8.2.1.3 ProcedureCylinders in padl
37、ocks submitted for testcontaining pin tumblers shall be loaded using one each of thelongest and the shortest bottom pins furnished by the manu-facturers with the remaining chambers loaded with other sizes.Cylinders in padlocks containing other tumbler elements shallbe loaded using maximum ranges. If
38、 lock design and cylindersused are the same in several different sizes of padlockssubmitted for testing, only a total of five samples of any size orsizes need to be tested.8.2.1.4 The tools used for this test shall be manual manipu-lating tools required by the operator, providing no visiblemarks are
39、 left detectable by the unaided eye.8.2.1.5 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of thistest method are being determined and will be supplied withinfive years.8.2.2 Rap Test:8.2.2.1 ScopeThe purpose of the rap test is to determine ifa lock with a spring bolt can be opened via a sharp impact toth
40、e lock case that will withdraw the spring bolt from theshackle through inertia. For the test to work, a degree of tensileforce must be applied to the shackle or the lock body in theopening direction while the test is being conducted.8.2.2.2 Significance and UsePadlocks shall resist success-ful rappi
41、ng on the cylinder and case (see 5.1) for the requiredtime. The criteria for time to defeat represents the realisticperformance to be expected. The manufacturer must incorpo-rate the appropriate mechanisms and materials to achieve theperformance values found in Tables 1 and 2. The user candistinguis
42、h the levels of performance suitable to his applicationby use of the grades provided in Tables 1 and 2.8.2.2.3 ProcedureUse handheld tools. The amount of thatforce is critical to the test and will be determined in thefollowing manner:(1) With the shackle in the open position, the force requiredto pu
43、sh the shackle into the locked position should be mea-sured. That measurement value shall be multiplied by 110 % todetermine the optimum tensile force used on the shackle orlock body while the rap test is being conducted.(2) With the shackle and body under the required tensileforce in the unlocking
44、direction, the body of the lock shall bestruck with a plastic or rawhide mallet in a rapping motion inthe unlocking direction of the spring bolt. This rapping actionshould have a force not less than12 of the force required topush the shackle into the locked position and shall continue ata rate of im
45、pact not to exceed 1 impact per 1 s, and not lessthan 1 per 1.5 s.8.2.2.4 If the shackle fails to unlock during this test, the lockpasses.8.2.2.5 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of thistest method are being determined and will be supplied withinfive years.9. Acceptance Criteria9.1 A failure
46、 of any one padlock in the forcing testsconstitutes a failure of the complete test. See Section 8foracceptance criteria for surreptitious entry tests.9.2 Padlocks shall meet all the required values set forth inTables 1 and 2 as applicable to qualify for the applicable gradelevel of 0 through 3.9.3 I
47、n the tests described in Sections 8, a test failure willhave occurred if the padlock can be relocked at the conclusionof the testing.9.4 Users may want padlocks exceeding the required criteriaof one or more of the tests in a given grade level. Manufac-turers may identify the grade level and levels o
48、f performanceexceeding the requirements for that class (see Appendix X1).10. Precision and Bias10.1 Where dimensions and weights are described for vari-ous test apparatus and no maximums or minimums are given,a combined bias of 62 % is permitted.11. Keywords11.1 padlocks; privacy padlocks; security
49、padlocksTABLE 3 Bill of Material (Fig. 1)Detail No. No. Required Description MaterialA1 1 body steel2 2 blade steel (Rc 50 min)ANote that all materials are suggested materials only. Substitutions are permit-ted when and if function and safe usage of the fixture are not affected.F2348044APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. USERS GUIDEX1.1 Padlock Class RatingX1.1.1 Padlocks meeting all the requirements of one of theGrades 0 through 3 shall be so rated.X1.1.2 A padlock complying with one of the grades mayexceed the requirements fo
