1、Designation: F2366 05 (Reapproved 2011) F2366 12Standard Practice forDetermining the Relative Lightfastness of Ink Jet PrintsExposed to Window Filtered Daylight Using a Xenon ArcLight Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2366; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers specific proced
3、ures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of ink jet media printsconducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. The laboratory accelerated procedure is intended to determine the relativelightfastness of ink jet prints in office environments where window filtered dayl
4、ight is used for illumination.1.2 The two criteria used to determine relative lightfastness are instrumental color change and change in optical density.1.3 This practice is useful in determining the relative lightfastness of a series of prints or the relation of the lightfastness of theprint of inte
5、rest to the performance of controls with known lightfastness exposed simultaneously.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
6、 determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in section 8.1.5 There is no equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated
7、 Opaque MaterialsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesD3424 Practice for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of Printed MatterE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristim
8、ulus ColorimetryE1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45) GeometryG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of No
9、nmetallic MaterialsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI/NAPM IT9.9-1990 Stability of Color Photographic Images-M
10、ethods for MeasuringIT2.171995 ANNEX A1 Density MeasurementsPart 4: Geometric Conditions for Reflection Density, Backing Material3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions given in G113 are applicable to this Practice.3.1.2 Ink jet media substrates used by ink jet printers to receive inks.
11、The substrate may be paper, plastic, canvas, fabric, or otherink receptive material. The substrate may, or may not be, coated with one or more ink receptive layers.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on Business Imaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
12、ittee F05.07 on Ink Jet ImagingProducts.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2012. Published March 2012November 2012. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 asF2366F236605(2011).05. DOI: 10.1520/F2366-05R11.10.1520/F2366-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, vi
13、sit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM sta
14、ndard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by AS
15、TM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Practice4.1 Printed ink jet media are exposed to radiant energy from a xenon arc light source equipped with a Window-Glass Filt
16、er.4.2 The duration of the exposure may vary widely depending on the lightfastness of the ink/media.4.3 During the course of the exposure, changes in color and optical density in the printed samples are periodically evaluated.Color changes are determined either visually by comparison with the unexpo
17、sed file specimens or instrumentally by comparisonwith the color of the same specimen prior to exposure and reported as color difference, E. The color changes of a series of printsare compared with each other or with those of a control exposed at the same time for which performance under use conditi
18、ons areknown. The change in optical density is determined instrumentally and reported as percent retained optical density.4.4 The exposure may be continued for a specific duration of time, or until a predetermined color change and change in opticaldensity has been achieved.5. Significance and Use5.1
19、 Lightfastness of printed ink jet media for specified periods of time is pertinent to the end use of these materials. Since theability of ink jet prints to withstand color changes is a function of the spectral power distribution of the light source to which itis exposed, it is important that lightfa
20、stness be assessed under the conditions appropriate to the end use application. While ink jetprints may be handled and displayed under a variety of conditions, this practice is intended to produce the color changes that mayoccur in ink jet prints upon exposure to irradiation from daylight filtered t
21、hrough window glass by simulating these conditions.5.2 The accelerated procedure covered in this practice is intended to provide a means for the rapid evaluation of relativelightfastness under laboratory test conditions. The Practice does not provide a rating of the lightfastness of the prints, butd
22、etermines the lightfastness ranking of a series of prints or the performance compared to controls with known lightfastness. Testresults are useful for specification acceptance between producer and user, for quality control, and for research and productdevelopment.5.3 Color changes may not be a linea
23、r function of duration of exposure. The preferred method of determining effect of the lightis to expose the prints for a number of intervals and to assess the exposure time required to obtain a specific color change or changein optical density.6. Interferences6.1 It is recognized that the rate of ph
24、oto degradation of ink jet prints will vary significantly due to factors such as initial colordensity, the area printed (solid versus half-tone), the substrate, the ink type (dye versus pigment inks), and the coating type andthickness. Consequently, test results must be determined individually for e
25、ach printed substrate.6.2 Variations in exposure time, temperature and humidity may also affect results.7. Apparatus7.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus with a Window Glass Filter that conform to the requirements defined in Practices G151 and G155.7.2 Use an uninsulated black panel thermometer as described i
26、n ASTM G151.7.3 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the xenon arc shall conform to the requirements ofTable 2 in Practice G155 for a xenon arc with a Window Glass Filter. Also refer to Fig. X1.1 of Appendix X1 for a representativespectral power distribution graph of
27、a xenon arc with a Window Glass Filter.7.4 Use an appropriate spectrophotometer, spectrocolorimeter or colorimeter for measuring color changes and a densitometerfor measuring changes in optical density. Alternatively, a spectrodensitometer can be used for both color and optical densitymeasurements.8
28、. Test Specimen8.1 The substrate, method of printing, ink lay-down, and handling of printed specimens shall be consistent with the anticipatedend use of the specimens.8.2 The test image may be generated with personal computer word processing, drawing/graphics or page layout software, savedas a print
29、 file for each printer/method of printing (contributing its unique ink and ink/receiver interactions that may impact in theimage light stability), trial-printed, and evaluated for appropriate ink lay-down (purity and amount) and ease of printing and testing.Each print file should have its filename,
30、type, and version identified in the image area and a place for experimental notes (forexample, time, printer, environmental conditions, operator). The printer settings and a trial print of each print file version shouldbe archived.8.3 The recommended test image shall consist of a standardized arrang
31、ement of color patches printed using print files containingthe appropriate printer setup specific for each application. This test image shall contain color patches at maximum print density(100 % fill) for each of the primary colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black), secondary colors (red, green, bl
32、ue), and compositeF2366 122black (cyan plus magenta yellow). In addition, since lightfastness may vary as a function of print density, low optical densitypatches are recommended to test the lightfastness of binary images of discrete ink spots. A step wedge containing patches with arange of optical d
33、ensities (for example 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % fill) may be useful for this test.8.4 For visual examination, the specimen size as indicated in practice D1729 is a minimum of 3-12 by 6-12 in. (90 by 165 mm).For instrumental evaluation, the specimen must be large enough to cover the specimen port;
34、a minimum size of 1.25 in. 1.25in. (35 mm 35 mm) is satisfactory for many instruments.8.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three replicate specimens of each test material and of the control material, ifused.8.5 The unexposed file specimens are prepared for visual evaluations or measured
35、 for instrumental evaluations as described in8.5.1 and 8.5.2, respectively.8.5.1 For visually evaluated tests, set aside a replicate print or cut off a segment of suitable size; store in a dark, dry place.8.5.2 For instrumentally evaluated tests, make color measurements in the relevant specimen area
36、(s) prior to exposure.NOTE 1The unexposed file specimen control should not be a masked specimen. Even though shielded from radiation, some materials may undergocolor changes, due to the heat or moisture present during the test.8.6 Test prints on opaque substrates do not require backing material and
37、shall be tested in accordance with their intended use.Transparencies shall be backed with a white backing material. Translucent substrates shall be backed with a diffuse black backingmaterial with an image density of 1.5 6 0.2 as described in ANSI IT2.71995 Annex A1.9. Conditioning9.1 It is recommen
38、ded that samples be conditioned at 25C and 45 % RH for at least 24 h prior to testing. Specimens shall bevisually inspected for color uniformity and surface irregularities, which could adversely affect color measurement.10. Exposure Procedure10.1 Practice G155 lists several exposure cycles that are
39、used for xenon-arc exposures of nonmetallic materials. Unlessotherwise specified, use a xenon-arc apparatus with a Window Glass Filter and operate in accordance with Practice G155. Use thefollowing exposure cycle:Set the machine to maintain an irradiance level of 0.35 W/(m2 nm )at 340 nm. The settin
40、gs at other wavelengths or spectralregions that provide equivalent irradiance at 340 nm are: 0.90 W/(m2 nm) at 420 nm; 42.3 W/m2 at 300 to 400 nm; and 490 W/m2at 300 to 800 nm. Expose specimens to 100 % light. The uninsulated Black Panel Temperature shall be 63C. In devices thatprovide for humidity
41、control, set the relative humidity at 55 %. In devices that provide for chamber air temperature control, setthe chamber air temperature for 48C.NOTE 2Committee G03 is developing information to be published in the Appendices ofInformation developed by Committee G03 on allowedoperational fluctuations
42、of the set points and guidance G151 andfor measuring G155 for guidance on uniformity of conditions in the test chambers andalloweduniformity conditions in the test chamber is published in the Annexes of Practice G151operational fluctuations of the setpoints10.2 Specimens should be confined to an exp
43、osure area in which the irradiance is at least 90 % of the irradiance at the centerof the exposure area. Unless it is known that irradiance uniformity meets this requirement, use one of the procedures describedin Practice G151, section 5.1.4 to ensure equal radiant exposure on all specimens or to co
44、mpensate for irradiance differences withinthe exposure chamber. If the specimens do not completely fill the racks, fill the empty spaces with blank metal panels to maintainthe test conditions within the chamber. The apparatus shall be operated continuously. However, if the test needs to be interrupt
45、edto perform routine maintenance or inspection, it should be during a dry period.11. Evaluation Procedure11.1 Immediately before exposure, measure all test specimens on a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter (see Test MethodE1348 or E1349) or colorimeter (see Test Method E1347) using CIE 1964 (10
46、) Supplementary Standard Observer and StandardIlluminant D65. Exclude specular reflection from the measurements.11.2 Evaluate the exposed specimens for changes in color either visually or instrumentally in accordance with Test MethodsD1729 and D3424, Section 11, respectively. For instrumental evalua
47、tions, using the CIE 1976 L* a* b* equation described in TestMethod D2244, calculate L*, a*, b*, and E*ab between each exposed specimen and its unexposed counterpart.11.3 Evaluate the exposed specimens for changes in optical density measured per ANSI/NAPM IT9.9-1996, paragraphs 3.3 -3.6. Percent ret
48、ained density shall be calculated as follows:% Retained Optical Density5 Optical Density After ExposureOptical Density Before Exposure 3100 (1)NOTE 3If instrumental color measurements are used, the type of equipment, the method and the color-difference equation used must be stated.12. Report12.1 The
49、 report shall include the following:F2366 12312.1.1 Identification of test specimens and control specimen(s), including the method of printing, print area (% fill), andsubstrate.12.1.2 Type and model of exposure device.12.1.3 Type of light source.12.1.4 Type and age of filters at the beginning of the exposure, and whether there were any filter changes during the period ofexposure.12.1.5 Elapsed exposure time, h.12.1.6 If required, procedure to ensure equal radiant exposure on all specimens or to compensate for differences in the testchamber.12.1.7 Re
