1、Designation: F 2387 04Standard Specification forManufactured Safety Vacuum Release Systems (SVRS) forSwimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission is aware of 138 swimming pool and spa drainsuctio
3、n entrapments between 1985 and 2001. During this time, 35 deaths due to drain suctionentrapment have been confirmed, including 15 deaths due to hair entrapment, 15 deaths due to bodyentrapment and five deaths due to entrapment of an unknown type.With the understanding of the potential hazard and des
4、pite the lack of extensive epidemiologicaldata, the manufacturers, consumers, and users supported by CPSC staff decided on February 6, 2001to proceed with dedicated time, expense, and effort toward development of a voluntary safety standardto reduce the possibilities of injuries due to swimming pool
5、, spa, and hot tub body and limbentrapment.If a cover or grate is unfastened, missing or broken, exposure to the drain suction force couldproduce evisceration. Even though it is expected that safety vacuum release devices may help inreducing cases of evisceration, the devices are not designed for no
6、r intended to do so. More directefforts are related to the use of proper drain covers, 12 by 12 in. or larger drain covers, pool covers,and so forth. “Layered protection” should be used as outlined in CPSCs “Guidelines for AddressingPotential Entrapment Hazards Associated with Swimming Pools and Spa
7、s.”This specification is not intended to and does not address hair entrapment.Field fabricated vent pipes are excluded from this specification and will be addressed in a separatestandard under development.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for safetyvacuum release systems (SVRS) for
8、use on swimming pools,spas, hot tubs, and wading pools.1.2 This specification is intended to reduce the risk ofdrowning or entrapment by providing a rapid detection andrapid release of vacuum or preventing a dangerous vacuumaltogether when a person becomes entrapped at the suctionoutlet serving a pu
9、mping system.1.3 The values stated in customary English units are to beregarded as the standard. Any values in parentheses are givenfor information only.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods section, Section 5, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport t
10、o address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2466 Spe
11、cification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plas-tic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40D 2468 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 403D 2855 Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints withPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and FittingsF 402 Practice for the Safe
12、 Handling of Solvent Cements,Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipeand Fittings1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.51 onSafety Vacuum Release Systems (SVRS) for Swimming Pools,
13、 Spas and Hot Tubs.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as PS 10 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
14、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 ASME Standard:4ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inc
15、h2.3 Federal Document:5CPSC Document Guidelines for Addressing Potential En-trapment Hazards Associated with Swimming Pools andSpas2.4 NSF Document:6NSF 50 Circulatory System Components and Related Ma-terials for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs72.5 UL Standards:8UL 1081 Standard for Safety for Swimmi
16、ng Pool Pumps,Filters and ChlorinatorsUL 746A Plastics Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 high vacuum occurrenceevent where the operatingvacuum normally present within a pool circulation systemsuddenly increases due to a suction outlet blockage.3.1.2 interr
17、upter element (IE)pad or mat used to simulatean entrapment event by blocking the suction outlet completely.3.1.3 non-mechanical SVRSSVRS with no moving parts.3.1.4 readily affxedto be easily retrofitted to existingsystems where an entrapment hazard is possible using ap-proved pipe fittings or approv
18、ed adapters, or both.3.1.5 return inletappurtenance for conveying water re-turned to the pool.3.1.6 safety vacuum release system (SVRS)system ordevice capable of providing vacuum release at a suction outletcaused by a high vacuum occurrence due to a suction outletblockage. SVRS devices must allow fo
19、r the vacuum releasewith or without suction outlet cover(s) in place, and shalloperate in such a way as to not defeat or disengage other layersof protection installed to protect against suction entrapment.3.1.7 suction outletappurtenance for conveying water outof a pool, spa, hot tub, whirlpool, the
20、rapy unit or similarfixture.3.1.8 test actuator (TA)device used to lower the inter-rupter element (IE) in a uniform manner and rate.4. Requirements4.1 General:4.1.1 Exposed surfaces shall be free from rough or sharpedges.4.1.2 An SVRS shall not be made dysfunctional without theuse of tools.4.1.3 Man
21、ufacturers shall evaluate all materials for expo-sure and environmental conditions (chemicals, etc.) expectedto be encountered in the use condition over a period of time toinsure long term durability and operation. NSF 50 and UL 1081may be used as guidelines.4.1.4 Materials exposed to outdoor elemen
22、ts shall be UVresistant and capable of withstanding ambient temperaturesbetween -40 and 140F (in accordance with 4.1.15 and 4.2.2).4.1.5 Under normal system operating conditions, the SVRSshall not adversely affect pump suction, system pressure,system flow, or other equipment performance.4.1.5.1 An S
23、VRS must provide the means to protect thepump against consequential damage by a pump running drydue to a loss of prime.4.1.6 An SVRS shall latch or lock out in the open or off(safe) position following a high vacuum occurrence until reset.Systems such as non-mechanical SVRSs that have no movingparts
24、do not require this latch or lock out feature.4.1.7 SVRSs, following a high vacuum occurrence, shall bemanually reset or automatically reset to its original safeposition without requiring special tools.4.1.8 An SVRS shall fail in the open or off (safe) position inthe event of a spring or loading mec
25、hanism failure. Systemssuch as non-mechanical SVRSs that have no moving parts arenot required to provide this feature.4.1.9 Any air inlet ports for SVRSs shall be designed andinstalled in such a manner that the air inlet port(s) cannot bedefeated by reasonably anticipated conditions or in any man-ne
26、r, environmental or human, that would prevent the devicefrom functioning as intended. This includes, but is not limitedto, infestation, debris buildup, or microbiological contamina-tion.4.1.10 SVRSs that provide for field calibration and adjust-ment shall contain clearly defined permanent instructio
27、ns. Themeans for effecting adjustments and calibration shall be tamperresistant, so that non-qualified personnel cannot make adjust-ments. Non-mechanical SVRSs that have no moving parts shallbe pre-manufactured assemblies incorporating the appropriateinternal geometry to limit their suction. Adjustm
28、ent of thesedevices is limited to the elevation of their physical installationrelative to the water level involved and field adjustment ofinternal water level coordinating mechanisms installed by thefactory.4.1.11 An SVRS shall be designed for on-site servicing andtesting.4.1.12 PVC end connections
29、of the device shall conform toSpecification D 2466. ABS end connections of the device shallconform to Specification D 2468. Solvent weld connectionsshall be made in accordance with Practices D 2855 and F 402.4.1.13 Threaded pipe connections shall conform to ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.4.1.14 Non-mechanical SV
30、RSs must have built into themdesign specific tamper-proof features that will limit the trans-mission of suction at the suction outlet to prevent any potentialentrapment hazard regardless of all system operating param-eters such as pump HP, pipe sizes, pump elevation, and soforth.4.1.15 An SVRS expos
31、ed to outdoors shall meet environ-mental exposure testing for UV as described in UL 746A.4.2 Specific Requirements:4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.5Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Co
32、mmission (CPSC), 4330East-West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814.6Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., AnnArbor, MI 48113-0140.7Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.8Available from Underwriters Laboratories
33、 (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.F23870424.2.1 Test CriteriaThe SVRS shall actuate without failureat each of two elevations of the pump (3 ft below and 3 ft abovethe water surface level), releasing the blocking element within3 s or less when tested by the manufacture
34、r in accordance with5.1 and 5.2.4.2.2 The SVRS used to test in 4.2.1 shall be exposed to tencycles of heat/cold in accordance with 5.2.5 prior to testing.Non-mechanical SVRSs shall be exempt from this test.4.2.3 An SVRS selected by the manufacturers samplingplan (see Section 9), shall be tested 100
35、times against criteriain 4.2.1 without failure.4.3 Installation Instructions:4.3.1 Installation instructions, use and maintenance instruc-tions, proper calibration and adjustment instructions, properstart-up, and periodic testing procedures shall be provided witheach unit.4.3.2 Installation instruct
36、ions provided with the unit shallcontain the following statements or equivalent:4.3.2.1 This device shall be installed by an individual thatmeets the qualifications established by the SVRS manufacturer.4.3.2.2 Check valves shall not be used to carry the waterflow within circulation systems protected
37、 by an SVRS.(WarningCheck valves must be removed from the circula-tion system.) The presence of a check valve used to carry thewater flow within the circulation system has been shown toprolong the high vacuum present at the drain, even though thedrain was protected by an SVRS. For this reason, check
38、 valveswhich carry the water flow within the circulation system mustbe removed. Removal of these check valves from the circula-tion system must be clearly described in the SVRS manufac-turers installation instructions.NOTE 1Exception to 4.3.2.2If permitted by the SVRS manufactur-ers installation ins
39、tructions, check valves may be used to carry a portionof the water flow within circulation lines protected by an SVRS providedthey are used only on pressure side lines (downstream from the circulationpump) which branch off the main pressure circulation line, and thecirculation system cannot be valve
40、d to direct more than 60 % water flowof the circulation system through the check valve (see Fig. 1).4.3.2.3 All SVRSs shall provide a means for field adjust-ment, if applicable, and be adjusted to site-specific hydraulicconditions. Once calibrated, the system shall be tested bysimulating an entrapme
41、nt event.4.3.2.4 There shall be three simulated entrapment testsconducted in the field to verify proper installation, calibrationand operation of the device.5. Test Methods5.1 Test Equipment See Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 illustrates thelayout for the test system for testing an SVRS which attachesto a ci
42、rculation suction line which is directly plumbed to thepump. Fig. 3 illustrates the layout for a test system for testingan SVRS which incorporates a vacuum-induced, indirectcirculation drain system.5.1.1 Water TankA commercial, cylindrical, vertical stor-age tank produced from high density linear po
43、lyethylene(HDLPE) 48 in. in diameter, and of adequate height tomaintain a water level 8 ft above the suction outlet fitting.5.1.2 Suction Outlet FittingThe bottom of the tank shallterminate in a prefabricated 8 in. diameter uncovered outletsump, as commonly used in in-ground swimming pools.5.1.3 Suc
44、tion LineThe suction outlet fitting shall be pipedwith 100 ft of 2 in. rigid schedule 40 PVC pipe from thesuction outlet fitting to the test pump. The suction line shallinclude five or more (90) elbows (see Fig. 2).FIG. 1 Acceptable Check Valve InstallationF23870435.1.3.1 SVRS LocationMechanical SVR
45、Ss shall be in-stalled not more than 3.5 ft from pump inlet for testingpurposes.5.1.4 Return LineThe pipe run length of the return lineshall always match the pipe run, type, length and size (100 ft,2 in.) of the suction line, including elbows (five or more), andwill incorporate a straight section fo
46、r the accurate measurementof flow.5.1.5 Test ActuatorA mechanical test actuator shall sup-port the interrupter element centered on the vertical axis of thesuction outlet fitting 6 in. above the top of the suction outletsump. The test actuator shall lower the blocking element at arate of 3 to 6 in. p
47、er second onto the top of the suction outletsump. At the moment the blocking element makes contact withthe top of the suction outlet sump, the actuator must immedi-ately cease downward force and allow the blocking element tomove vertically free.5.1.6 Throttling ValveA valve shall be installed on the
48、return line at the point where water is returned to the test tank.This valve is to be used to adjust test system flow and shouldbe either a globe, diaphragm, or angle type valve.FIG. 2 Safety Vacuum Release System (SVRS)F23870445.1.7 Interrupter Element (IE)The blocking element, thepart used to simu
49、late an entrapped victim, shall be a 12 in. by12 in. by max 5 in. thick high density closed cell foam block.The buoyancy of the foam block shall not exceed 15 lb.5.1.7.1 Blockage SwitchThe test actuator shall beequipped with a sensing or micro switch, to feed input to thedata recorder, as to the moment the interrupter elementoccludes the suction sump, thus indicating a complete block-age.5.1.8 Water Flow MeterThe flow meter (0 to 100 GPMminimum) is installed as per the manufacturers instructions inthe straight length of the return line upstream of the
