1、Designation: F 2408 07Standard Specification forOrnamental Fences Employing Galvanized Steel TubularPickets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2408; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-ments for coated tubular picket ornamental fence systemsfabricated fr
3、om galvanized steel components.1.2 The requirements of this specification do not apply tovertical bar fence systems utilizing solid bar or wrought ironmaterials.1.3 The values stated with in-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values in brackets are provided forinformation.2. Reference
4、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 239 Practice for Locating the Thinnest Spot in a Zinc(Galvanized) Coating on Iron or Steel Articles,A 653/A 653M Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed)by the Hot-Dip ProcessA 1008/A 1008M Specification for Stee
5、l, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, So-lution Hardened, and Bake HardenableA 1011/A 1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,High-Strength Low-Alloy with Im
6、proved Formability, andUltra-High StrengthB117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-sures of Paint and Related CoatingsD 1654 Test Meth
7、od for Evaluation of Painted or CoatedSpecimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings tothe Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)D
8、3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 tubular picket ornamental metal fence systemanarchitectural metal fence system that combines ornamentalfence structural c
9、omponents (that is, tubular pickets, rails, andposts) with ornamental accessories and fasteners, assembledand evaluated as a complete installed structure.3.1.2 fence panelfabricated unit consisting of rails andpickets. Also referred to as a fence section.3.1.3 railhorizontal structural component of
10、a fencepanel.3.1.4 tubular pickethollow vertical ornamental compo-nent of a fence panel.3.1.5 postvertical fence structural component that sup-ports the panel in the ornamental metal fence system.3.1.6 ornamental accessoryany fitting that adds furtherdecoration to an ornamental metal fence system in
11、cludingitems such as finials, caps, picket collars, rings, scrolls, or otherornamental panel inserts.3.1.7 adhesionthe bonding integrity of an organic coatingto the base metal substrate.3.1.8 corrosion resistancethe ability of an organicallycoated metal product to resist attack due to the base metal
12、attempting to return to a more passive oxidized state.3.1.9 impact resistancethe measure of an organicallycoated metal product to resist indention; the ability of a coatingto resist cracking or loss of adhesion due to reforming the metalduring bending or a shape change from abuse.1This specification
13、 is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fencesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.35 on Architectural MetalFence Systems.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 2408 - 06.2For ref
14、erenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
15、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.10 weathering resistancethe ability of an organicallycoated metal product to resist loss of coating gloss or colorchange due to excessive humidity or ultra-violet (UV) sunlightexposure.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is t
16、o define minimumselection criteria and test procedures to ensure product usersthat a tubular picket ornamental metal fence system has thestrength necessary to withstand reasonable loads and penetra-tion forces, and has the appropriate combination of materialand surface protection to withstand the ha
17、rmful effects ofcorrosion and weathering for an extended period of time.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Steel material for tubular picket ornamental fence sys-tem structural components shall be galvanized by the hot-dipprocess, either after forming (in accordance with 5.1.1), orprior to forming (in
18、accordance with 5.1.2).5.1.1 Steel material for fence structural components (that is,tubular pickets, rails, and posts), when galvanized after form-ing, shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA 1008/A 1008M or Specification A 1011/A 1011M, with a minimumyield strength of 45 000 psi 310 MP
19、a. The exterior shall behot-dip galvanized with a 0.3 oz/ft292 g/m2 minimum zincweight. The exterior galvanized surface shall be chemicaltreated or conversion coated to adhere a polymeric coating. Apolymeric coating shall be applied and provide a minimum of95 % surface coverage as disclosed by Pract
20、ice A 239, Proce-dure 7.1. The interior surface shall be coated with a thermo-setting coating containing zinc or other rust inhibitors and have0.3 mils 0.0076 mm minimum thickness.5.1.2 Steel material for fence structural components (that is,tubular pickets, rails, and posts), when galvanized prior
21、toforming, shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA 653/A 653M, with a minimum yield strength of 45 000 psi310 MPa. For Industrial and Light Industrial applications (seeTable 1), the steel shall be hot-dip galvanized to meet Speci-ficationA 653/A 653M with a minimum zinc coating weight of
22、0.9 oz/ft2276 g/m2, Coating Designation G-90. For Residen-tial applications (see Table 1), the steel shall be hot-dipgalvanized to meet Specification A 653/A 653M with a mini-mum zinc coating weight of 0.6 oz/ft2184 g/m2, CoatingDesignation G-60.5.2 Organic Coating Materials:5.2.1 Powder coatings ap
23、plied to the exterior surface offence components shall be polymer material: polyester orepoxy and polyester combinations having a minimum thick-ness of 3 mils; polyolefin elastomer having a minimumthickness of 7 mils; or PVC having a minimum thickness of 10mils.5.2.2 Wet coating applied to the exter
24、ior surface of fencecomponents shall be a two-coat paint application system (onecoat of epoxy, polyester or polyurethane primer; one coat ofpolyester, polyurethane, or acrylic liquid) with the total com-bined coating having a minimum thickness of 2 mils.5.3 Fittings, fasteners, and decorative access
25、ories for orna-mental steel fence systems shall be manufactured with amaterial and finish coating that meets the same protectivecoating performance requirements as required for panels andposts.6. Physical Dimensions6.1 Cross-section and thickness dimensional requirementsfor ornamental metal fence st
26、ructural components shall be asspecified by the manufacturer, provided that the performancecriteria of Section 8 are met. Table 1 is provided as a guidelineto show nominal values typically used for residential, lightindustrial (commercial) and industrial applications.6.2 Fence height and space betwe
27、en rails may vary inaccordance with manufacturers standards, provided local or-dinances and building codes do not limit these dimensions fora specific application, such as might be the case for pool safety,gate safety, or structural wind load bearing capacity. Nosharply pointed picket tops shall be
28、used on fences less thanfour ft 1.22 m in height.NOTE 1Fence height is a nominal value and is typically the distancefrom grade to the top of the fence.6.3 The spacing between pickets shall be four in. 101.6mm or less; however, if applicable local regulations (such asmay be applied to pool fencing, c
29、hild care facility fencing,public railing systems, or fencing adjacent to automated gates,and so forth) have more restrictive spacing requirements, thenthose local regulations shall govern.7. Workmanship7.1 All ornamental metal fence system components shall beproduced using materials and finishes sp
30、ecified in Section 5,and shall be free from defects in workmanship.TABLE 1 Nominal Sizes for Ornamental Fence Structural ComponentsApplication Component Typical Cross-Section Wall ThicknessResidential Picket58 by58 in. 15.9 by 15.9 mm 18 Ga.Rail 1 by 1 in. 25.4 by 25.4 mm 18 Ga.Post 2 by 2 in. 50.8
31、by 50.8 mm 16 Ga.Light Industrial (Commercial) Picket34 by34 in. 19.0 by 19.0 mm 16 Ga.Rail 1-38 by 1-12 in. 34.9 by 38.1 mm or1-12 by 1-12 in. 38.1 by 38.1 mm14 Ga.Post 2-12 by 2-12 in. 63.5 by 63.5 mm 14 Ga.Industrial Picket 1 by 1 in. 25.4 by 25.4 mm 16 Ga.Rail 1-38 by 1-12 in. 34.9 by 38.1 mm or
32、1-12 by 1-12 in. 38.1 by 38.1 mm14 Ga.Post 3 by 3 in. 76.2 by 76.2 mm 12 Ga.F24080728. TestingStructural8.1 Structural Test Method AApplication of HorizontalConcentrated Load:8.1.1 Installation of Test SpecimenOne line of fence witha minimum of three panels of the fence system to be testedshall be i
33、nstalled in accordance with the manufacturers speci-fications and drawings. Selection of the test specimen shouldconsider the maximum range of styles and sizes to be certified(see Section 10).8.1.2 Apparatus:8.1.2.1 Testing MachineAny testing machine or loadingdevice, capable of imposing forces accu
34、rate to within 1 % (plusor minus), when calibrated in accordance with Practices E4,issuitable and may be used, provided the requirements ofspecified rate of loading and unloading are met. The testingdevice shall be of sufficient capacity to prevent yielding of itsvarious components and shall ensure
35、that the applied loadremains essentially parallel to the relevant axis of the assemblyduring testing.8.1.2.2 Test SystemA diagrammatic test set-up for apply-ing horizontal tension forces to the assembly is shown in Fig.1. The bearing plate, normally 6 in. 150 mm long, shall be ofsufficient size to p
36、revent local failure of the surroundingstructural members or components. The loading device shall beattached to the assembly by means of pins or a swivelconnector to prevent the direct transfer of any flexural forcesthrough the connection.8.1.2.3 Deflection MeasurementsDial gages, having asmallest d
37、ivision of not more than 0.01 in. 0.25 mm, or anysuitable measurement devices or calibrated sensors of at leastcomparable accuracy and sensitivity shall be used to measurethe horizontal displacements of the top rail relative to itsoriginal location at each loading point prior to load application.The
38、se devices shall have sufficient measurement capability toindicate the displacement throughout the test range.8.1.3 Procedure:8.1.3.1 PositioningPosition the test stand in such a waythat the load is applied, as shown in Fig. 1, to the structuralmember perpendicular to the plane of the fence system w
39、ithoutcausing any local failure at the point of load application.8.1.3.2 Mounting of InstrumentsMount the dial gage,measurement device, or sensor at the loading point as is shownin Fig. 1. Place the sensing element of the instrument in contactwith and normal to the surface or an extension of the sur
40、face ofthe top rail of the fence system being tested in such a way asto measure displacement in the direction of the applied load.8.1.4 Load Application:8.1.4.1 Initial Load ApplicationApply an initial load cor-responding to 50 % of the required test load (see Table 2) fora minimum of two minutes in
41、 order to bring all members intofull bearing. Reduce load to 25 % of the required test load(50 % of the preload), and observe the initial deflection. Thedeflection at this initial test load shall be the base point forsubsequent deflection readings.8.1.4.2 Step Load ApplicationOnce the initial deflec
42、tionpoint has been established, load application shall proceed at auniform rate (see 8.1.4.3) to the required test load and the finaldeflection shall be calculated (by subtracting the deflectionreading at initial test load from the deflection reading at therequired test load) for comparison with the
43、 maximum allow-able deflection. If more detailed information on deformationrate versus load application is desired, the load may be appliedin constant-level steps to the required test load instead of thesingle step load application. For multiple step loads, each step(equal to approximately 15 % of t
44、he required test load) shouldbe released to the initial test load for observation of theFIG. 1 Test Set-Up for Application of Horizontal Concentrated LoadF2408073corresponding residual deflection. The initial and incrementalreadings of the force and deflection gages at each load pointcan then be rec
45、orded in the form of load-deformation curves.8.1.4.3 Rate of LoadingThe rate of loading to the requiredtest load (or between increments if multiple steps are chosen)shall be uniform throughout the test and such that the load isapplied at a constant rate of deformation of 0.20 in. 6 0.10 in.5.0 mm 6
46、2.5 mm per minute. If this rate of loading cannotbe achieved because of the type of testing machine used or theequipment available, the rate of loading shall be as near to thatrequired in this subsection.8.2 Structural Test Method BApplication of Vertical Con-centrated Load:8.2.1 Installation of Tes
47、t SpecimenA minimum of onepanel of the fence system to be tested shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturers specifications and draw-ings. Selection of the test specimen should consider themaximum range of styles and sizes to be certified (see Section10). The bottom of the fence panel sha
48、ll be elevated by anoffset distance of approximately 12 in. 305 mm to allow fordownward elastic deformation during test load application.8.2.2 Apparatus:8.2.2.1 Testing MachineAny testing machine or loadingdevice, capable of imposing forces accurate to within 1 % (plusor minus), when calibrated in a
49、ccordance with Practices E4,issuitable and may be used, provided the requirements ofspecified rate of loading and unloading are met. The testingdevice shall be of sufficient capacity to prevent yielding of itsvarious components and shall ensure that the applied loadremains essentially parallel to the relevant axis of the assemblyduring testing.8.2.2.2 Test SystemA diagrammatic test set-up for apply-ing vertical forces to the assembly is shown in Fig. 2. Thebearing plate, normally 4 in. 101.6 mm l
