1、Designation: F 2412 05Standard Test Methods forFoot Protection1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates
2、 the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONFor more than sixty years, the predecessor to these test methods, ANSI Z41, established theperformance criteria for a wide range of footwear to protect from the haza
3、rds that affect the personalsafety of workers. The value of these standards was recognized early in the history of the OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) and incorporated as a reference standard in the Code ofFederal Regulation (CFR) Section 1910.These test methods contains test pro
4、tocols developed in conjunction withANSI Z41 as well as otherASTM standards that are used to evaluate the performance of footwear when exposed to a variety ofhazards: (1) impact resistance for the toe area of footwear; (2) compression resistance for the toe areaof footwear; (3) metatarsal impact pro
5、tection that reduces the chance of injury to the metatarsal bonesat the top of the foot; (4) conductive properties that reduces hazards that may result from staticelectricity buildup and reduce the possibility of ignition of explosives and volatile chemicals; (5)electric shock resistant non-conducti
6、ve; (6) static dissipative (SD) properties to reduce hazards due toexcessively low footwear resistance that may exist where SD footwear is required; (7) punctureresistance of foot bottoms; (8) chain saw cut resistance hazards; and (9) dielectric hazard.1. Scope1.1 These test methods measure the resi
7、stance of footwearto a variety of hazards that can potentially result in injury.1.2 These test methods may be used to test for complianceto minimum performance requirements in established safetystandards.1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier,or as required by established safety s
8、tandards, these testmethods can be used to determine any one, or all of thefollowing: (1) impact resistance, (2) compression resistance,(3) metatarsal impact resistance, (4) resistance to electricalconductivity, (5) resistance to electric shock, (6) static dissipa-tive performance, (7) puncture resi
9、stance of outsoles, (8) chainsaw cut resistance, and (9) dielectric insulation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with
10、 its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusF 1116 Test Me
11、thod for Determining Dielectric Strength ofDielectric FootwearF 1458 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistant toChainsaw of Foot Protective Devices2.2 CSA Standard:3CAN/CSA Z195 Protective Footwear3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 footwear, nwearing apparel for the feet (such asshoes, boots, s
12、lippers, or overshoes), excluding hosiery.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis term can refer to either left foot orright foot units or pairs.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 onPedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F13.30 on Foo
13、twear.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM we
14、bsite.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON Canada M9W1R3.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.2 insert, nfootbed normally made of a foam productwith leather or fabric cove
15、r shaped to cover the entire insolewhich can be inserted between the foot and insole board.3.1.3 insole, nfoundation of the shoe; the inner sole of theshoe which is next to the foot, under the sock liner or insert,onto which the upper is lasted.3.1.4 last, nsolid hinged form, in the general shape of
16、 afoot, around which footwear is constructed.3.1.5 lasting, vbuilding of footwear around a specific footform.3.1.6 lining, nterm used to describe all components thatcan be used to construct the interior of the upper portion of thefootwear.3.1.7 outsole and heel, nexterior bottom platform of thefootw
17、ear; the bottom surface.3.1.8 product category, ndescription for a type of foot-wear designed and manufactured for a specific hazard orhazards.3.1.9 product classification, nfootwear manufactured tomeet a minimum performance requirement for a specifichazard or hazards.3.1.10 protective footwear, nfo
18、otwear that is designed,constructed, and classified to protect the wearer from apotential hazard or hazards.3.1.11 protective toe cap, ncomponent designed to pro-vide toe protection that is an integral and permanent part of thefootwear.3.1.12 quarter, nentire back portion of the footwearupper.3.1.13
19、 size, nlength and breadth measurements of foot-wear determined by using a specific grading; the Americansystem of footwear grading.3.1.14 socklining, nmaterial placed over the insole whichis imprinted with a brand name or other designation.3.1.15 specimen, for protective footwear, nfootwear unitsev
20、aluated for various hazards.3.1.15.1 DiscussionFootwear units may be a left foot, aright foot, or a matched pair. The exact number and type offootwear units is indicated by test method.3.1.16 upper, nparts of a shoe or boot that are above thesole.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of these test
21、methods is to provide measur-able criteria for various hazards.4.2 The protection that can be demonstrated by evaluationof footwear includes the following:4.2.1 The effectiveness of impact resistant footwear toeliminate or diminish the severity of injury to the toe area ofthe foot when subjected to
22、a falling object.4.2.2 The effectiveness of compression resistant footwear toeliminate or diminish the severity of injury to the toe area ofthe foot when subjected to a compressive force.4.2.3 The effectiveness of metatarsal protective footwear toeliminate or diminish the severity of injury to the m
23、etatarsalarea adjacent to where the toes and the bones of the upper footintersect.4.2.4 The effectiveness of conductive footwear to safelyreduce the buildup of static electricity from wearer to groundso as to reduce the possibility of ignition of explosives andvolatile chemicals.4.2.5 The effectiven
24、ess of electric shock resistant footwearto provide resistance to electric shock when accidental contactis made with live wires.4.2.6 The effectiveness of static dissipative footwear toreduce the hazards due to excessively low footwear electricalresistance that may exist where SD footwear is required
25、.4.2.7 The effectiveness of puncture resistant footwear toreduce the possibility of puncture injury to the bottom of thehuman foot.4.2.8 The effectiveness of chain saw cut resistant footwearto reduce the chance of injury when exposed to a runningpower chain saw.4.2.9 The effectiveness of dielectric
26、insulative footwear toreduce the possibility of injury when exposed to a high voltagecharge.5. Impact Resistance5.1 Summary of Method:5.1.1 Footwear with a protective toe cap is impacted with aspecified force.5.1.2 After impact, the height of the clay cylinder ismeasured.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 The appa
27、ratus as shown in Fig. 1 consists of a framestructure that permits the impactor to be constrained to fallalong a known and repeatable path.5.2.1.1 The impactor consists of a steel weight having amass of 22.7 6 0.23 kg (50 6 0.5 lb). The nose of the impactoris a steel cylinder having a diameter of 25
28、.4 6 0.8 mm (1 60.03 in.) and length of 50.8 mm (2.0 in.). The impact side of thecylinder has a smooth spherical surface with a radius of 25.4 60.127 mm (1.00 6 0.005 in.). The longitudinal centerline of thecylinder is parallel and coincident with 3.175 mm (0.125 in.) tothe symmetry of its vertical
29、axis.5.2.1.2 Apparatus incorporates a means of measuring thevelocity at impact with a tolerance of 62 %. The use of avelocity metering system allows for determining the timerequired for a 25.4-mm (1-in.) wide blade to pass completelythrough a beam of light prior to the impactor striking thespecimen.
30、 The result, referred to as gate time, is measured inms. The speed in in./s can be calculated using the followingformula:V 51000tg(1)where:V = velocity in in./s, andtg= gate time in ms.5.2.2 The base of the apparatus consists of a steel plate witha minimum area 0.3 m2(1 ft2) and minimum thickness of
31、 25.4mm (1 in.). The base is anchored to a structure having aminimum mass of 909.1 kg (2000 lb) to provide sufficientstability to the apparatus before, during, and after testing.5.3 Sampling:F24120525.3.1 Three half-pair test specimens shall include both leftand right footwear, of each product categ
32、ory are prepared fromnew manufactured footwear randomly selected from stockinventory.5.3.1.1 Mens footwear specimens are prepared from size9D, medium width.5.3.1.2 Womens footwear specimens are prepared fromsize 8B, medium width.5.3.2 The specimens shall be obtained by completely re-moving the toe p
33、ortion of the footwear. This is done by cuttingacross the width of the footwear 25.4 6 3.2 mm (1 6 0.125 in.)behind the back edge of the protective toe cap as shown in Fig.2.5.4 Specimen Mounting:5.4.1 Specimens are to be placed on the test apparatus baseplate so that the sole is parallel with the b
34、ase.NOTEDimensions are in inches (millimetres).FIG. 1 Footwear Impact Test ApparatusF24120535.4.1.1 The specimen is positioned so that the longitudinalcenter of the nose of the impactor strikes the approximatecenter of the protective toe cap at a point that is 12.7 6 1.6 mm(0.50 6 0.0625 in.) toward
35、 the front as measured from the backedge of the protective toe cap (see Fig. 3).5.4.2 The specimen is held in position during test by use ofa clamping device as shown in Fig. 4.5.4.2.1 The stabilizing fork clamp device rests on the insertand can be adjusted by means of a screw.5.4.2.2 The adjustment
36、 secures the specimen parallel to thebase plate and prevents movement when the impactor strikesthe specimen.5.4.2.3 Clamping screw shall be tightened using a force lessthan 28 Nm (25 in. lbs).5.5 Procedure:5.5.1 Prior to impact testing, a lump of modeling clayformed as a vertical cylinder is positio
37、ned inside the specimensdirectly under the point of impact (see Fig. 3).5.5.1.1 The clay shall be shaped so that the cylindersimultaneously makes contact with the insole/sock of thefootwear and the dome of the protective toe cap.NOTE 1A small piece of wax paper or cellophane can be placed oneither t
38、he bottom side or top side of the cylinder to prevent the clay fromadhering to either the insert/sock liner or dome.5.5.1.2 The diameter of the cylinder shall not exceed 25.4mm (1 in.).5.5.2 After impact, carefully remove the clay cylinder frominside the specimen and measure the height of the cylind
39、er atits lowest point using a measuring device capable of measuringto the nearest 0.1 mm (0.004 in.).5.5.2.1 This value is reported as the impact minimuminterior height clearance for the specimen.5.5.3 To measure Class 75 product classification footwear,the impactor is dropped from a height that res
40、ults in an impactvelocity of 2995 6 61 mm/s (117.9 6 2.4 in./s), creating aforce of 101.75 J (75 ft-lbf).NOTE 2In a vacuum, the distance would be 457 mm (18 in.). Due tofriction and air resistance, the height used for the test is somewhat greater.5.5.4 To measure Class 50 Product Classification foot
41、wear,the impactor is dropped from a height that results in an impactvelocity of 2438 6 48.3 mm/s (96 6 1.9 in./s), creating a forceof 67.8 J (50 ft-lbf).NOTE 3In a vacuum, the distance would be 305 mm (12 in.). Due toFIG. 2 Specimen Prepared for Compression TestingFIG. 3 Specimen Prepared for Impact
42、 TestingF2412054friction and air resistance, the height used for the test is somewhat greater.5.6 Test ReportReport the minimum height of the claycylinder, without rounding up, to the nearest 0.1 mm (0.004 in.)as the clearance result for the product category for all threespecimens.6. Compression Res
43、istance6.1 Summary of Method:6.1.1 Footwear with a protective toe cap is exposed to acompressive force.6.1.2 During application of the compressive force, theinterior space of the toe cap is measured using a clay cylinder.6.2 Apparatus:6.2.1 Compression testing equipment that is equipped withsmooth s
44、teel compression test surfaces.NOTEDimensions are in inches (millimetres).FIG. 4 Position/Clamping/Impact ArrangementF24120556.2.1.1 Test surfaces must remain parallel during applica-tion of force up to 44 482 N (10 000 lbf).6.2.1.2 Pressure head has a minimum diameter of 76.2 mm(3 in.) and a bed pl
45、ate with a minimum width of 152.4 mm (6in.).6.2.1.3 Equipment must be graduated in increments so as tomeasure compressive force between 222.4 N (50 lbf) to 44 482N (10 000 lbf).6.3 Sampling:6.3.1 A total of three half pair specimens, which shallinclude both left and right footwear of each product ca
46、tegory,are prepared from new manufactured footwear randomlyselected from stock inventory.6.3.1.1 Mens footwear specimens are prepared from size9D, medium width.6.3.1.2 Womens footwear specimens are prepared fromsize 8B, medium width.6.3.2 The specimens shall be prepared by completely re-moving the t
47、oe portion of the footwear. This is done by cuttingacross the width of the footwear 25.4 6 3.2 mm (1 6 0.125 in.)behind the back edge of the protective toe cap as shown in Fig.2.6.4 Specimen Mounting:6.4.1 The specimen is positioned on the bed plate of the testapparatus so that the highest point of
48、the protective toe cap isperpendicular to the direction of force.6.4.2 The stabilizing fork clamp device rests on the insertand can be adjusted by means of a screw (see Fig. 4).6.4.2.1 This adjustment secures the specimen parallel to thebed plate and prevents movement.6.4.2.2 Clamping screw shall be
49、 tightened using a force lessthan 28 Nm (25 in. lbs).6.5 Procedure:6.5.1 Prior to compression testing, a lump or modeling clayas a vertical cylinder is positioned inside the specimen directlyunder the center of the protective cap (see Fig. 3).6.5.2 The clay shall be shaped so that the cylinder simulta-neously makes contact with the insert/sock liner of the foot-wear and the dome of the protective cap (see Note 1).6.5.3 The diameter of the cylinder shall not exceed 25.4 mm(1 in.).6.5.4 A compressive force is applied to the specimen at anapproximate rate of
