1、Designation: F2439 06 (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Specification forHeadgear Used in Soccer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONSoccer is a sport with inherent risks. Participation in the sport implies acceptance of risk of injury.This spec
3、ification was developed to address forces of some of the incidental (non-ball) head impactsthat may occur while engaging in soccer. Although headgear satisfying this specification may providelimited protection against heading impacts which are generally sub-concussive, heading impacts arenot address
4、ed by this specification. In addition, the issue of multiple sub-concussive impacts is notaddressed here. NoteProtection provided by headgear satisfying this specification is not equivalent tothe protection provided by rigid “helmets” used in many other sports activities. Headgear that meetsthese st
5、andard specifications may not provide significant protection in some head impact situations.This specification is intended to be used with other standards and documents listed in theReferenced Documents.1. Scope1.1 This specification defines performance requirements forheadgear used for participatio
6、n in the sport of soccer. Thetechnical requirements in this specification do not address theadministrative requirements of soccer governing bodies, so itshould not be assumed that any headgear satisfying thisspecification will be acceptable for use in sanctioned soccerevents.1.2 This specification i
7、s intended to reduce the forces fromexternal physical sources reaching the defined impact area ofthe head in impacts that may occur in the sport of soccer. Noheadgear can provide protection against all impacts, foresee-able or not. This specification does not address the potential forinjury from any
8、 type of impact. The tests specified in thisspecification are laboratory simulation tests only, and do notpurport to create situations identical to the impacts that mayoccur during the playing of soccer.1.3 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F1
9、446, except where notedherein. In the event of a discrepancy between the requirementsof this specification and those of Test Methods F1446, thisspecification shall prevail.1.4 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification shall be acertif
10、ication that the headgear meets all of the requirements ofthis specification in its entirety. Headgear that fails to meet anyone of the requirements of this specification is considered tohave failed the specification and should not be sold with anyindication that it meets parts of the specification.
11、1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a
12、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used inEvaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear2.2 Other Documents:349 CFR Part 572, Subpart E Anthropometric Test DummiesProcedures
13、 for Assembly, Disassembly, and Inspection(PADI) of the Hybrid III 50th Percentile Dummys NineAccelerometer Array Head (NAAH) with RedundantHead C. G. Accelerometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and
14、 is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 onHeadgear and Helmets.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published February 2012. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2439 06. DOI:10.1520/F2439-06R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
15、www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration (NHTSA), 4007th St., NW, Washington, DC 20590.1Copyrigh
16、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 impact areathe region of the headform within whichthe center of each impact footprint must fall. F14464. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide reliableand
17、 repeatable test methods for the evaluation of headgear forsoccer. Headgear satisfying this specification is intended toreduce forces reaching the head in some of the impacts thatmay occur in soccer.5. Apparatus5.1 Apparatus used for this testing shall be in accordancewith Test Methods F1446 except
18、as noted herein.5.2 Test HeadformsTest headforms used with this speci-fication shall be the 50th percentile Hybrid III adult male headand neck assembly, including the upper and lower neckadjusting brackets and all associated hardware. The equipmentshall be as defined in the United States of America
19、Code ofFederal Regulations (49 CFR Part 572, Subpart E). A completelisting of all parts and components which make up the head andneck assembly is found in Appendix X1; see also Proceduresfor Assembly, Disassembly, and Inspection (PADI) of theHybrid III 50th Percentile Dummys NineAccelerometerArrayHe
20、ad (NAAH) with Redundant Head C.G. Accelerometers.5.2.1 The test headform shall be mounted to a standardmonorail or twin-wire system or similar system, as shown inTest Methods F1446. Mass of the entire drop system shall be8.8 kg 6 5 % (19.4 lb 6 5 %). Accelerometer instrumentationshall be installed
21、into the test headform to measure resultantlinear accelerations of the test headform as specified in thesection on Accelerometer of Test Methods F1446.5.2.2 The headform center of gravity shall fall within 5 ofthe vertical axis through the point of impact when the testheadform assembly is in the imp
22、act position, as described inthe Appendix of Test Methods F1446.5.3 Steel Post AnvilThe steel post anvil used in thisspecification is to represent a nominal 7.62 cm (3 in.) diametersteel post. The anvil shall consist of a 7.62 cm (3 in.) diametersteel bar (65 %) that is welded (or securely attached
23、tosimilarly minimize vibration between the bar and the plate) ina horizontal position to a steel plate.5.4 Headform AnvilThe headform anvil is a 50th percen-tile Hybrid III headform and neck assembly as defined in 5.2.The headform anvil shall be oriented such that the forehead isin an upright target
24、 position. The lower neck bracket shall bemounted to a rigid structure. The headform anvil shall bepositioned such that the only impact between the drop head-form and the impact anvil is at the selected impact location,with no other parts of the headform and anvil coming intocontact with each other
25、during the initial impact. The headformanvil need not be instrumented.5.5 MEP AnvilThe MEP anvil shall be as defined in thesection on Modular Elastomer Programmer (MEP) of TestMethods F1446. The MEP anvil shall be positioned with itsupper surface horizontal, such that the only impact between thedrop
26、 headform and the impact anvil is at the selected impactlocation, with no other parts of the headform and anvil cominginto contact with each other during the initial impact.6. Equipment Calibration and System Checks6.1 Instrumentation used in testing shall be calibrated ac-cording to the requirement
27、s of Test Methods F1446 and 49CFR Part 572, Subpart E.6.2 The 50th percentile Hybrid III adult male test headformused with this specification shall pass a system check accordingto the procedures described in Appendix X2. Duration of thesystem check cycle shall be no more than 12 months.6.3 Instrumen
28、tation System CheckThe system instrumen-tation shall be checked before and after each series of tests bydropping the Hybrid III head and neck assembly (see 5.2) ontothe MEP pad (see section on Modular Elastomer Programmer(MEP) of Test Methods F1446 ) at an impact velocity of 2.8m/s 6 2 %. The head a
29、nd neck assembly shall be oriented suchthat the neck of the Hybrid III headform is at a 24 6 1downward angle relative to the horizontal and the foreheadshall contact the center of the MEP pad. The peak accelerationobtained during this impact shall be 112 6 8 g. Three suchimpacts at intervals of 75 6
30、 15 s shall be performed before andafter each series of tests. If the average peak accelerationobtained in the pretest impacts differs by more than 5 % fromthe average peak acceleration obtained in the post test impacts,recalibration of the instruments and transducers must be carriedout, and all dat
31、a obtained during that series of impact tests shallbe discarded.7. Samples for Testing7.1 Conditions and AttachmentsHeadgear shall be testedcomplete, in the condition as offered for sale. They must satisfyall requirements of this specification with or without anyincluded attachments.7.2 Number of Sa
32、mplesA test series requires 12 samplesof each size headgear and shall be tested according to thefollowing schedule (see Table 1).8. Conditioning Requirements8.1 Ambient ConditionFour samples of each size head-gear shall be conditioned at the ambient condition defined inASTM Test Methods F1446.8.2 Lo
33、w TemperatureThree samples of each size headgearshall be conditioned at the low temperature conditions asdefined in Test Methods F1446.TABLE 1 Sample Test ScheduleHead toForeheadImpactsHead toPostImpactsHead toMEPImpactsMultipleImpactsto MEPNumberofImpactsHeadgear 1, Ambient X 1Headgear 2, Hot X 1He
34、adgear 3, Cold X 1Headgear 4, Wet X 1Headgear 5, Ambient X 1Headgear 6, Hot X 1Headgear 7, Cold X 1Headgear 8, Wet X 1Headgear 9, Ambient X 1Headgear 10, Hot X 1Headgear 11, Cold X 1Headgear 12, Wet X 1Headgear 1, Ambient X X 6F2439 06 (2011)28.3 High TemperatureThree samples of each size head-gear
35、shall be conditioned at the high temperature conditions asdefined in Test Methods F1446.8.4 Water ImmersionThree samples of each size headgearshall be conditioned at the water immersion conditions asdefined in Test Methods F1446.8.5 Testing of conditioned samples must occur within 10min after remova
36、l of the sample from the conditioning envi-ronment. If a sample is out of the conditioning environment formore than 10 min, it shall be reconditioned 3 min for eachminute beyond 10 min that it is out of the environment, up toa maximum of 4 h.9. Test Schedule and Procedures9.1 Construction and Materi
37、als:9.1.1 ProjectionsThere can be no rigid projections, hardor sharp surfaces, or hard or sharp edges on any part or surfaceof the headgear. Non-rigid projections can project no more than5 mm (0.20 in.) from the primary impact surface of theheadgear, must collapse under a static load of 2.27 kg (5 l
38、b) 610 %, and must be faired with the base surface of the headgear.Any rigid or semi-rigid materials used in the headgear must bepadded sufficiently so that they satisfy all requirements of thisspecification.9.1.2 MaterialsMaterials known to cause skin irritation ordisease shall not be used in the h
39、eadgear. Comfort padding, ifused, may be detachable for cleaning. If chemicals such ashydrocarbons, cleaning fluids, paints, or transfers and otheradditions will affect the headgear adversely, a warning to thiseffect shall be provided.9.2 LabelingEach headgear shall be marked in such a waythat the f
40、ollowing information is easily legible by the user andis likely to remain legible throughout the life of the headgear.The first five items in the following list must be physicallyattached to the headgear; other items may be explained on thepackaging or instructions that accompany the headgear, orbot
41、h.9.2.1 Model designation, if appropriate.9.2.2 Name and contact information of manufacturer.9.2.3 A label that warns the user that no headgear canprotect against all foreseeable impacts, and that for maximumprotection, the headgear must be fitted and attached properly tothe wearers head in accordan
42、ce with the manufacturers fittinginstructions.9.2.4 A statement that this headgear satisfies the require-ments of ASTM Specification F2439.9.2.5 A statement that this headgear is intended to reducehead impact forces while playing soccer, and shall not be usedas head protection for other activities.9
43、.2.6 A statement warning the user that the headgear can bedamaged by contact with common substances, for example,certain solvents, cleaners, and so forth, and that this damagemay not be visible to the user. The label should also list anyrecommended cleaning agents or procedures, or both.9.3 Marking
44、the Impact AreaThe impact area is an angledband encircling the entire head, 50 mm (2.0 in.) 610 % inlinear height. Using a 50th percentile male Hybrid III head andneck assembly, place the test headform in an orientation suchthat the base of the skull is horizontal (see Fig. 1). Draw a line25 mm (1.0
45、 in.) above the design cg of the Hybrid III testheadform and parallel to the base of the skull and define thisline as AA. Point A is the intersection of the line AA and thefront profile of the test headform. Using point A as a guide,draw a line AB that is angled 12 downward to the rear of thetest he
46、adform (relative to point A). Draw a line CD that is 50mm (2.0 in.) above and parallel to the line AB. The areaincluded within the region ABCD shall be defined as theimpact area.9.4 Shock Attenuation Impact Tests:9.4.1 Prior to impact testing, conduct the instrumentationsystem check (see 6.3).9.4.2
47、The anvils to be used for impact tests in this specifi-cation are a headform anvil, a steel post anvil, and an MEP pad(to simulate impact on the ground).9.4.3 Place the headgear to be tested on the test headform inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions prior to test-ing.9.4.4 With the headge
48、ar placed on the headform in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions, the headgear maybe impacted anywhere within the impact area. Coverage neednot be continuous within the impact area, as long as the impacttests provide satisfactory results in accordance with thisspecification.9.4.5 One imp
49、act shall be conducted at one test location oneach sample headgear unless otherwise specified. There shallbe no overlap of impact footprints in any testing except in themultiple impact testing.9.4.6 Head to Forehead ImpactsThe instrumentedheadform/neck (the test headform) shall be attached to the dropsystem as specified and the headform anvil mounted in a fixedupright target position.9.4.6.1 An ambient headgear is affixed to the surface of thetest headform in accordance with the manufacturers instruc-tions, such that a position within the impact area of
