1、Designation: F 2454 05Standard Practice forSealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainlineSewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, UsingChemical Grouting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe infiltration of water in sanitary sewer systems through the
3、 lateral service connection and the firstfew joints of the lateral below the groundwater table is a major problem for collection system owners.The combined length of the lateral services often exceeds the length of the mainline sewers. Often, thelateral services have been built with little or no sup
4、ervision and little or no above-ground access formonitoring and inspection.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing andsealing sewer lateral connections and lateral lines from themainline sewer with appropriate chemical grouts using thelateral packer method. Chemical grouting is u
5、sed to stopinfiltration of ground water and exfiltration of sewage ingravity flow sewer systems that are structurally sound.1.2 This practice applies to mainline sewer diameters of 6 to24 in. with 4, 5, or 6 in. diameter laterals. Larger diameter pipeswith lateral connections and lines can be groute
6、d with specialpackers or man-entry methods. The mainline and lateral pipesmust be structurally adequate to create an effective seal.1.3 Worker safety training should include reviewing thebiohazards and gases from sewage, confined spaces, pumpingequipment, and related apparatus. Additional safety con
7、sider-ations including proper handling, mixing, and transporting ofchemical grouts should be provided by the chemical groutmanufacturer or supplier, or both. Their safe operating prac-tices and procedures should describe in detail appropriatepersonal protective equipment (PPE) for the various grouti
8、ngoperations. Operations covered should include the properstorage, transportation, mixing, and disposal of chemicalgrouts, additives, and their associated containers.1.4 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 Thi
9、s standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documen
10、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 2304 Practice for Rehabilitation of Sewers Using Chemi-cal Grouting2.2 Other Documents:NASSCO Specification Guidelines, 2003, Wastewater Col-lection System Maintenance and Rehabilitation33. Significance and Use3.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of lateral connectionsfor
11、sanitary sewers are regular practice necessary for themaintenance and optimal performance of the system. It isimportant to identify methods that use the most currentcompounds and technology to ensure the reduction of infiltra-tion and exfiltration. It is important to minimize disruption totraffic an
12、d lessen the environmental impacts for both themunicipal and private owners.3.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and sealsewer lateral connections and a predetermined portion of thelateral lines from the mainline sewer, having selected theappropriate chemical grouts using the latera
13、l packer method.Television (or optical) inspection and sewer lateral connectiontesting are used to assess the condition and document anyrepairs.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technologyand Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.2
14、0on Rehabilitation of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting Techniques.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published February 20052For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from NASSCO, 1314 BedfordAve., Suite 201 Baltimore, MD 21208.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.3 This practice should not be used where mainl
16、ine andlateral connections are found with longitudinally cracked pipe,structurally unsound pipe, or flattened or out of round pipe.4. Contract Responsibilities4.1 The lateral connection sealing contracts should define oraffix responsibility for, or make provisions for, the followingitems:4.1.1 Notic
17、e Of Client/Owner Requirements, which arerelevant to, and within the scope of, work to be performedunder the contract.4.1.2 Municipal And Other Licenses And Permits, (seeF 2304) and assistance in obtaining approvals or consent fromutilities or carriers or other persons or organizations uponwhose pro
18、perty or authority might be impinged by the perfor-mance of work under the contract; or a written release fromresponsibility for the performance of work under the contract ifand to the extent that such work is precluded by the inability toobtain approvals or consent. If working on private propertype
19、rmission from the owners representative, the sewer lineowner and the building department.4.1.3 Access To Site Of Work, to be provided to the extentthat the owner is legally able to do so, if unable to, a writtenrelease from responsibility for the performance of work at siteswhere access cannot be ma
20、de available.4.1.4 Clearances of Blockages or Obstructions, in the sewersystem, if any, if such clearance is required for performance ofwork under the contract and if such clearance is not otherwiseprovided for within the contract.4.1.5 Location and Exposure of All Manholes, unless other-wise provid
21、ed for in the technical specifications of the contract.4.1.6 A Manhole Numbering System , for all areas of theproject, and accurate manhole invert elevations when requiredfor performance of the work.4.1.7 The Shutdown or Manual Operation of Certain PumpStations, if such becomes necessary for perform
22、ance of thework.4.1.8 Water, necessary for performance of work under thecontract, with permission to use water from fire hydrants at thesite of work, or other suitable designated sources within areasonable distance from work areas.4.1.9 Disposal Area , for all materials removed from thesewers during
23、 the performance of the work and the unencum-bered right of the contractor to transport and expeditiouslydispose of such materials at a location designated by the owner.4.1.10 A Secure Storage Area, of a size adequate to accom-modate the required vehicles, equipment, and materials for theperiod of t
24、he contract.4.1.11 Notice To Third Parties, (such as utilities) of thecontractors intent to perform work in an area where suchparties may have rights to underground property or facilities.Request for maps or other descriptive information as to thenature and location of such underground facilities or
25、 propertyand assurance of the contractors ability to enter any public orprivate lands to which access is required for performance of thework under the contract.4.1.12 Information Pertinent To The Site, including reportsprepared under previously accomplished studies or surveys andother data relative
26、to the project, such as, maps, drawings,construction specifications sewer system records, and so forth.4.1.13 Authorization, to perform work that must be per-formed during nighttime hours, on weekends, or on holidays.4.1.14 Traffc Control, by uniformed officers when thesafety of workers or the publi
27、c requires such protection, or asmay be specified.4.1.15 The contractor shall certify that backup equipment isavailable and can be delivered to the site within 48 hours.4.1.16 Submit equipment utilization schedule to the ownersrepresentative for review and approval prior to commencementof the projec
28、t.4.1.17 Submit equipment operating procedures and systemsto the owners representative for review and approval prior tocommencement of the project.5. Chemical Grouts (Chemical Sealing Materials)5.1 IntentThe intent of this section is to define theproperties that a chemical sealing material must have
29、 toperform effectively in the intended application and underexpected field conditions. The intended application is remotelysealing sewer lateral connections and a predetermined portionof the lateral from the connection to the mainline sewer with alateral packer as specified in Section 12.5.1.1 Gener
30、ic chemical sealing materials currently in useare listed in 5.3 with the basic properties, performance stan-dards, and mix ratios, which are known to give acceptableperformance.5.1.2 It is recognized that new and improved chemicalsealing materials will become available from time to time.Sources, man
31、ufacturers, and product names of chemical seal-ing materials will thus change, and therefore; specific sources,manufacturers, and product names are not given.5.1.3 In every case, mixing and handling of chemicalsealing materials shall be in accordance with the manufactur-ers or suppliers, or both, re
32、commendations.5.2 GeneralAll chemical-sealing materials used in theperformance of the work specified must have the followingcharacteristics:5.2.1 While being injected, the chemical sealant must beable to react/perform in the presence of water (groundwater).5.2.2 The cured material must withstand sub
33、mergence inwater without degradation.5.2.3 The resultant chemical grout formation must preventthe passage of groundwater (infiltration) through the surround-ing soil ring, the sewer lateral connection, and the joints withinthe predetermined portion of the lateral from the lateralconnection to the ma
34、inline sewer.5.2.4 The sealant material, after curing, must be flexible asopposed to brittle.5.2.5 The cured sealant must not be biodegradable.5.2.6 The cured sealant should be chemically stable andresistant to the mild concentrations of acids, alkalis, andorganics found in normal sewage.5.2.7 Packa
35、ging of component materials must be compat-ible with field storage and handling requirements. Packagingmust provide for worker safety and proper clean up proceduresshould spillage occur.F24540525.2.8 Measurement of the component materials being mixedmust be compatible with field operations not requi
36、ring precisemeasurements of the ingredients by field personnel.5.2.9 Cleanup must be done without inordinate use offlammable or hazardous chemicals.5.2.10 Residual sealing materials must be easily removablefrom the sewer line to correct conditions that affect the sewageflow.5.3 Chemical Sealing Mate
37、rialsThe following is a ge-neric listing of chemical sealing materials currently in use andthe basic requirements, properties, and characteristics of each:5.3.1 Acrylamide base gel:5.3.1.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylamide base material byweight in total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acryla-mide
38、 base material may be used to increase strength or offsetdilution during injection.5.3.1.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water during injection.5.3.1.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.5.3.1.4 Maintains a constant viscosity du
39、ring the reactionperiod.5.3.1.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 hr.5.3.1.6 Areaction (curing), which produces a homogeneous,chemically stable, non-biodegradable, firm, flexible gel.5.3.1.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, and gelstrength by the use of additives.5.3.2 Acryl
40、ic base gel:5.3.2.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylic base material by weightin the total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylic basematerial may be used to increase strength or offset dilutionduring injection.5.3.2.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water during injection.5.
41、3.2.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.5.3.2.4 A constant viscosity during the reaction period.5.3.2.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 hr.5.3.2.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homogenous,chemically stable, non-biodegradable, flexible
42、 gel.5.3.2.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density and gelstrength by the use of additives.5.3.3 Urethane base gel:5.3.3.1 One part urethane prepolymer thoroughly mixedwith between 5 and 10 parts of water weight. The recom-mended mix ratio is 1 part urethane prepolymer to 8 parts ofwater (1
43、1 % prepolymer). When high flow rates from leaks areencountered, the ratio of water being pumped may be lowered.5.3.3.2 A liquid prepolymer having a solids content of 75 %to 95 %, and a specific gravity of greater than 1.00.5.3.3.3 A liquid prepolymer having a viscosity of between100 and 1500 centip
44、oise at 70F that can be pumped through500 ft of12-in. hose with a 1000-psi head at a flow rate of 1oz/s.5.3.3.4 The water used to react the prepolymer should haveapHof5to9.5.3.3.5 A cure time appropriate for the conditions encoun-tered.5.3.3.6 A relatively rapid viscosity increase of theprepolymer/w
45、ater mix. Viscosity should increase rapidly in thefirst minute for 1 to 8 prepolymer/water ratio at 50F.5.3.3.7 Areaction (curing) that produces a chemically stableand non-biodegradable, tough, flexible gel.5.3.3.8 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, gelstrength, and resistance and shrin
46、kage by the use of additives.6. Optional Additives6.1 Additives enhance the performance of the chemicalsealing materials and can be used for specific applications.Owners Representative should consult with grout manufactur-ers to determine appropriate additives.7. Sewer Line Cleaning Procedures7.1 Th
47、e intent of sewer line cleaning is to remove foreignmaterials from the lines to obtain proper seating of the packer.Refer to Nassco Specification Guidelines.8. Sewer Flow Control8.1 When sewer line depth of flow at the upstream manholeof the section being worked on is above the maximumallowable for
48、television inspection, joint testing or sealing, orcombination thereof, the flow shall be reduced to the levelshown below by operation of pump stations, plugging, orblocking of the flow, or by pumping and bypassing of the flowas specified in Table 1.8.2 Depth of flow shall not exceed that shown in T
49、able 2 forthe respective pipe sizes as measured in the manhole whenperforming television inspection, joint testing or sealing, orcombination thereof.8.3 Plugging and BlockingWhen authorized by sewerowner/operator, a sewer line plug shall be inserted into the lineupstream of the section being serviced. The plugging systemshall be so designed that any or all portions of the sewage canbe released. During television (or optical) inspection, testing,and sealing operations, flow shall be reduced to within thelimits specified above.After the work has been completed, flowshall b
