1、Designation: F 2467 06Standard Practice forMeasuring Static Sealing Pressure Using Pressure-Indicating Film (PIF) in Transportation Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2467; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a standard means for measuringinitial static sealing pressure
3、in transportation applications.1.2 It uses a pressure-indicating film (PIF) that will recordthe maximum load imprint of the seal-to-flange interfaces. Theimprints will vary in intensity based on load across and alongthe interface.1.3 These imprints can be used to determine if initial loadon the gask
4、et is adequate to attain a seal. These imprints mayalso indicate correct bolt torque sequence. These imprints mayalso be used to determine if the mating surface waviness orlocal flatness meets gasket requirements. Roughness is rarelyfound by PIFs because peak-to-peak wavelengths are too short.PIF is
5、 very good at finding waviness (peak to peak 2.5 mm)and local flatness dips. PIFs provide an approximation ofmaximum pressures, and do not take into account relaxation ofthe joint after the torque sequence. Other methods involvingdynamic measurement should be used if flange loading afterrelaxation i
6、s desired.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Te
7、rminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 pressure-indicating film (PIF), nfilm that will, undervarying clamp forces, give a varying imprint or color densitythat correlates directly with the joint clamp force applied in agiven area.3. Special Test Equipment and Materials3.1 Pressure-indicating film (PIF) in th
8、e required pressurerange(s).3.2 A bolt micrometer or torque wrench for quantifyingfastener load or sequence or both. For yielded fastener appli-cations, torque versus yield or angle recording equipment isalso required.3.3 Subassembly test stand with one set of mating parts ofthe joint (minimum) and
9、a complete set of fasteners. A new setof fasteners for each run shall be used if the torque loading ishigh enough to cause plastic deformation of the bolts.3.4 A sufficient quantity of gaskets to complete the requirednumber of tests as agreed upon between producer and user.Reuse of gaskets after ini
10、tial tightening is not allowed, unlessapproved by the user.3.5 Manual densitometer or automatic scanning device forreading color density (optional).4. Summary of Practice4.1 PIF is placed between a gasket or seal and one or bothof the mating flanges. Using the specified torque sequence, theassembly
11、is clamped together. After the specified waitingperiod, the system is unclamped and the PIF removed. Thevisible color pattern denotes where clamp pressure is present.The approximate pressure can be determined from colordensity using a reflective (optical) densitometer or an auto-matic scanning devic
12、e in conjunction with a computer conver-sion program designed for the films. Follow the PIF suppliersguidelines with regard to how color density relates to pressurefor a given PIF.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is a screening tool and should be used inconjunction with other more accurate r
13、eal-time load-measuringtechniques.5.2 This practice covers the use of PIF, which is available inseveral load ranges. This practice also covers the use of amanual or automatic scanning device to read indicated load.5.3 Limitations include those applications in which the PIFmay be kinked, twisted, or
14、buckled. PIF does not withstandelevated temperature, low temperature, or fluid aging and does1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.10 on Composite Gaskets.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October
15、2006. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F 2467 05.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.not take into account any relaxation of bolts, gasket materials,or flange twisting, as it provides
16、only the maximum attainedpressure.6. Conditioning6.1 Conditioning of the assembly or gaskets before test isnot specified, but may be required, as agreed upon between theproducer and user. No special conditioning of the PIF isrequired.7. Sampling7.1 The number of engine parts and components to beeval
17、uated using this practice shall be agreed upon betweenproducer and user.7.2 Mating flanges in the test area shall be examined fornicks or scratches that may affect test results. Componentsshall be repaired or replaced as required.8. Measurements8.1 Measurement of the color density of the pattern can
18、 bedone with a manual or automatic scanning device, densitom-eter, using the PIF suppliers recommended guidelines. PIFmeasuring accuracy can, however, be adversely affected byaging of the pressure pattern by artificial or natural light (limitexposure of film containing the pressure pattern to lights
19、ources, which can fade the resultant pressure pattern).9. Procedure9.1 Select the appropriate range of PIF. This may be donebased on prior experience or by trial and error. Most sealingapplications may start out using PIF in the low-pressureregions. Head or exhaust gasket joints typically use PIF in
20、 themedium- to high-pressure regions. Consult the PIF supplierguidelines to determine the proper film type to use based onexpected load ranges. Head gasket coolant and oil sealing areaevaluation will typically use medium PIF, while combustionsealing area evaluation will typically use high PIF. One-p
21、artPIF is preferred for head gasket system evaluations. It ispreferable to have the glossy side oriented toward the gasket. Ifa two-part PIF is used, the two portions of PIF should only bebrought together right before the test, and must be separatedquickly after the test to avoid continuing color de
22、velopment,which can affect the result.9.2 Using properly sized film, punch holes to allow clear-ance for fasteners, dowels, and so forth.9.3 Properly clean parts to ensure they are free of fluids andother contaminants as this will affect color intensity.9.4 Shim as necessary to compensate for PIF in
23、terferencewith joint clamp load. This is necessary only when the PIFtemplate does not cover the entire flange surface (user onlywants to measure a portion of a flange surface).9.5 Loosely assemble the joint with the PIF on one or bothsides of the joint.9.6 Begin tightening the bolts in the pattern s
24、pecified for thejoint.9.7 Tighten bolts in at least three increments to attain thefinal specified torque. This is to be done to avoid artificiallyhigh readings as well as over compression of the paper androcking of the joint. Alternatively, production validation mayuse a multiple spindle to tighten
25、bolts per the productionprocess conditions.9.8 Leave the joint assembled under final torque for theperiod of time recommended by the PIF supplier, usually 2 minminimum. Record the total exposure time under final torque.9.9 Disassemble the joint by carefully relieving the torquefrom the fasteners usi
26、ng the reverse order of the initial torquesequence. Remove the PIF. Label the PIF with date of test, partlevel, test laboratory relative humidity and ambient tempera-ture, PIF type (ultra low, super low, low; medium; high), bolttorque, and any other pertinent information.9.10 Conduct visual inspecti
27、on and measure color densityusing a densitometer following the PIF suppliers guidelinesaccordingly. Other automatic scanning devices may also beused as agreed upon between producer and user.9.11 Take color photographs of the PIFs (optional).9.12 To avoid fading of color density, store PIFs in a dark
28、area, away from fluorescent or natural light.10. Report10.1 A report normally consists of just the PIF impressionsand pressure readings along with the information as agreedupon in 9.9 and 9.10.11. Keywords11.1 gasket; PIF; pressure; pressure-indicating filmASTM International takes no position respec
29、ting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This sta
30、ndard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internati
31、onal Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below
32、.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2467062
