1、Designation: F2494 05 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forDetermining Energy Consumption of Copiers and SimilarOffice Imaging Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This procedure provides a test method by which electro-photographic copiers and similar o
3、ffice imaging equipmentmay be rated for energy consumption.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bi
4、lity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 International Standards:ISO/IEC 11159 Minimum Information to be Included inSpecification SheetsCopying Machines2ISO 554 Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and/orTesting Specifications22.2 Federal Energy Management Program (FEM
5、P) web-site:http:/www.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/eep_standby_power.cfm#sleep3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 optional devicesany device added to improve thefunctionality of the base unit. They include an automaticdocument feeder (ADF), sorter, finisher an
6、d expansionmemory.3.1.2 copier speed, first copy (X)one of the convenientlevels for which the machines speed is measured. This iscalculated based on the amount of time, a1(sec), counted in anormal operating mode from the beginning of pressing theprint button of the machine to the end of ejecting the
7、 first copy,X = 60/ a1(cpm). For copiers withADF, the amount of time, a1shall be used, counted from pressing the print button afterplacing an original or originals on the ADF to the end ofejecting the first copy.3.1.3 copier speed, multi copy (Y)one of the convenientlevels for which the machines spe
8、ed is measured. This iscalculated based on the amount of time, a2(sec), counted in anormal operating mode from the end of ejecting the first copyafter pressing the print button of the machine to the end ofejecting the remaining copies (b), Y =(b) 60/a2(cpm).Normally, the value declared in the machin
9、es specificationsshall be used.3.1.4 ready modethe condition that exists when the ma-chine is ready for copying, but has not yet started copying, andhas not entered an energy-saver mode, either.3.1.5 copying cyclethe condition that exists from thebeginning to the end of a nominal job cycle (1 h) to
10、produce acopy or copies. According to the machines multi copy speed(Y) declared in the specifications, the following are listed in JobTables: nominal monthly volumes assumed, nominal volumesper day and combinations of the number of jobs as18 day (1 h)nominal jobs, the number of originals per job and
11、 the numberof copies per original.3.1.6 copying energythe amount of energy needed inexcess of ready mode energy during a copying cycle.3.1.7 copying timethe amount of time that the nominaljobs are run when testing copying energy during a copyingcycle.3.1.8 warm-up energythe amount of energy needed i
12、nexcess of ready mode energy when the machine is in awarm-up mode after the machine is turned on in an auto-offmode on a standard work day.3.1.9 energy-saver modethe condition that exists when themachine is not making copies and is consuming less powerthan when the machine is in a ready mode. The ma
13、chine goesinto this mode after it completes a copying job and no job isscheduled in a specified time period. Since the InternationalEnergy Star Program has been used widely in the world, thishas caused copiers to have this mode. This standard particu-larly designates this condition as an energy-save
14、r mode inoperating hours (9 h) of a standard work day.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe International Energy Star Programstipulates that the machine shall be set to enter an energy-saver1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility
15、of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Imaging Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published September 2012. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F249405. DOI:10.1520/F2494-05R11.2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.
16、,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1mode 15 minutes or less after the end of a copying job.However, considering the fact that shorter passing time hasbeen set than before because recovery tim
17、e tends to be reduced,this test method stipulates that the machine shall stay in a readymode for 10 minutes after the end of a copying job up until itstarts passing to the energy-saver mode if no job is scheduled.The recovery time from the energy-saver mode to the readymode shall be set to 30 second
18、s or less. Energy-saver modedesign to fulfill this recovery time is left to the manufacturersdiscretion. This test method provides energy calculations onthe assumption that the passing time is 10 minutes. If setting ofthe time shorter than 10 minutes is accepted by users in thefuture, the procedure
19、of this test method will be reviewed.3.1.10 auto-off modethe condition with less energy con-sumption than the energy-saver mode in 3.1.9. The machineenters the energy-saver mode 10 minutes after the end of acopying job if no job is scheduled in the ready mode. Later, themachine enters an auto-off mo
20、de, if no additional job isscheduled in a specified time period. Normally, this auto-offmode stays for a whole day of Saturday and Sunday weekendsother than standard work days. As for standard work days, themachine stays in this mode at night as a night stand-bycondition. It is calculated by subtrac
21、ting the 9 hours ofoperation from the 24 hours in a day. The machine comes outof this mode when the user manipulates the machine for a jobor switches it on.3.1.11 energy-saver recovery timethe amount of time thatthe machine takes to enter the ready mode after it comes out ofthe energy-saver mode in
22、the 9-h operating condition of astandard work day.3.1.12 energy-saver mode timethe amount of time that themachine is in an energy-saver mode in the 9-h operatingcondition of a standard work day.3.1.13 lunch breakone hour assigned to a lunch break thatexists between 4-h morning and 4-h afternoon in t
23、he 9-hoperating condition of a standard work day. The machine staysin an energy-saver mode during this time period.3.1.14 jobmaking a copy or copies from one or moreoriginals without interruption or delay between originals.3.1.15 machine energythe energy obtained by subtractingenergy consumed for co
24、pying (3.1.6) from total energy con-sumed in a standard month where the machine is plugged-in 24h/day including the 9-h operating condition.3.1.16 nominal copies per daythe number of nominalcopies produced on a single machine during a nominal standardwork day.3.1.17 nominal monthly copying volumemon
25、thly copyingvolume nominally determined according to the copying speedband category.3.1.18 plug-in modethe condition that exists when themachine is connected to an appropriate electrical source and isnot turned on. (This mode is also referred to as hard-off mode,manual-off mode or plug-in-off mode.)
26、 This corresponds to theone specified on the FEMP website.3.1.19 recovery energythe amount of energy needed inexcess of energy-saver mode energy to pass from the energy-saver mode to the ready mode.3.1.20 standard copya sheet imaged on one side thatmeasures 210 by 297 mm (A4) or 812 by 11 in. (lette
27、r size).3.1.21 standard monththirty 24-h days.3.1.22 standard work daya day having an operating con-dition (9-h) including a 1-h lunch break. A standard month (30days) has 22 days.3.1.23 warm-up modethe condition that exists when themachine is turned on from a plug-in mode or auto-off mode andprior
28、to reaching the ready mode.3.1.24 operating conditionnine hours starting from thedays first warm-up mode on condition that recovery from theplug-in mode or auto-off mode occurs each of 22 standardwork days. This consists of1hofalunch break and 8 hours ofdays typical job cycles.4. Summary of Test Met
29、hod4.1 The standard energy consumption rating is determined(using a watt-hour meter) for a copier while the machine is ina simulated customer installation performing one eighth (1 h)of a typical days copying jobs. The typical days jobs (thenumber of jobs, originals, and copies per original) are base
30、d onthe standard monthly copying volume assumed according to itscopy speed. In this test method, there is no difference inassumed nominal monthly copying volumes between mono-chrome copiers and color ones. In other words, since a colorcopier naturally has two copying speeds (speeds in color andmonoc
31、hrome modes), this test method gives the color copierthe nominal standard monthly copying volume of a mono-chrome copier of which speed equals the color copiersmaximum speed (normally, in monochrome mode).4.1.1 However, since the job conditions depend on whetheror not a copier has a color mode, sepa
32、rate Job Tables have beenprovided for color copiers and monochrome copiers.4.1.2 Moreover, note should be taken that two types of JobTables have been provided for color copiers according to thestructure (1 drum: serial type, and 4 drum: parallel type).(Refer to the Job Tables in Annex A1.)4.2 The en
33、ergy consumption may be calculated based on thefollowing assumptions, that the copier will typically:4.2.1 Be connected to a live power line for thirty 24 h days(720 h) per month.4.2.2 Be in the operating condition each of 22 work days permonth and be in an operating condition for an average of 9 he
34、ach of the 22 days. The operating condition of 9 h includes alunch break of 1 h.4.2.3 As a result of 4.2.2 and 3.1.23, come out of theauto-off mode to enter the warm-up mode each of 22 workdays, since the copier normally has the auto-off mode wherethe machine automatically enters after a period of t
35、ime ofnon-use or no job scheduled.4.2.4 As a result of Discussion in 3.1.9.1, do not enter theenergy-saver mode during a copy cycle, if the number ofnominal jobs per hour (18 of a days job cycle) is 6 or more inthe Job Table and this leads to job interval of 10 minutes orF2494 05 (2011)2less; and as
36、 a result of 3.1.13, be in the energy-saver modeduring the 1-h lunch break each of 22 work days. To facilitatethe tests, the upper limit of the number of jobs shall be 6.4.2.4.1 DiscussionIn actual use, the higher the monthlycopying volume is, the larger the number of jobs is. Besides, itis less lik
37、ely for the machine to go into the energy-saver mode.Considering these, the numbers of jobs are provided accordingto the nominal monthly volume in the Job Table and themachine behavior as follows:(1) The nominal monthly copying volume of 23 000 or lessleads to the number of nominal jobs of 5 or less
38、 (18 day) andthe machine enters the energy-saver mode during the copyingcycle; and(2) The nominal monthly copying volume of 28 000 ormore leads to the number of nominal jobs of 6 (18 day) and themachine does not enter the energy-saver mode during thecopying cycle.4.2.5 Perform a typical days copying
39、 jobs each of the 22work days each month.4.3 The rating of energy consumption per hour in a typicalmonth (kWh/h) is determined using calculations based on thetest data.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring theenergy consumption of the product and optional dev
40、ices invarious operating modes. It is intended to permit rating theenergy requirements of products by a method that will permitaccurate energy efficiency comparisons of each product withall other similar products.6. Apparatus and Supplies6.1 Watt-Hour Meter, shall be calibrated properly and havea cr
41、est factor of 3 or more.6.2 Timer, a timing device accurate to 1 s.6.3 Test Target, 210 by 297 mm (A4) or 812 by 11 in. (letter)with 4 to 8 % coverage.6.4 Paper, 210 by 297 mm (A4), 60 to 80 g/m2,812 by 11in. (letter), 20-lb bond or where not applicable, use machinemanufacturers recommended paper si
42、ze and weight, depend-ing on the machine sales area.7. Sampling7.1 The energy rating should be that for a device represen-tative of the commercially available equipment. Any modifi-cation of the product or additional configurations that signifi-cantly alter energy consumption will require re-ratings
43、 oradditional ratings.7.2 Those copiers configured with automatic duplex optionshould be rated twice for each job, once at 100 % single-sidedcopy and once at 100 % of two-sided copies (making two-sidedcopies from single-sided originals, each side counted as onecopy).7.3 The copier(s) to be evaluated
44、 should be set to within themanufacturers operating specifications.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Test Conditions:8.1.1 The room ambient shall be within a range of 23 63C; 50 6 10 % relative humidity in compliance with ISO 554.8.1.2 The working voltage shall be machine-rated voltage 62 %. Stabilized
45、 power supply shall be used.8.1.3 The machine shall be at least 500 mm from any wallor obstacle.8.1.4 All supplies used shall be those specified by the copiermanufacturer and preconditioned for a minimum of 12 h in theroom ambient environment (see 8.1.1) prior to evaluating thecopier energy rating.8
46、.1.5 The power supply voltage shall be supplied as a truesine wave with no more than 3 % harmonic distortion.8.1.6 The power frequency must be rated frequency 6 0.1Hz.8.1.7 The manufacturer will define the configuration (in-cluding optional devices) of the machine to be tested, thenominal monthly co
47、pying volume at which it will be rated (seeJob Tables), and both the first copy speed and multi copyspeed.8.1.8 The test should be discontinued if an unusually highnumber of machine problems occur. Excess machine stoppagesmay distort the overall energy rating. A reasonable number ofpaper jams that c
48、an be readily cleared by the operator shouldnot be considered reason to discontinue the test.9. Procedure9.1 Steps 9.1.1-9.1.10 of this procedure should be com-pleted once for each test machine. The data from 9.1.5 willonly apply to one configuration and, if the machine hasconfiguration variations,
49、the rating must be repeated for eachconfiguration for which the machine is being rated. Prior to thestart of this test, the machine should be plugged in to a livepower line but turned off and stabilized at specified roomambient conditions (indoors) for at least 12 h. An appropriatewatt-hour meter should be in line with the machine, ready togive an accurate indication of machine energy. This test shouldbe run at the machine setting that, in the opinion of theevaluator, is the one yielding an appropriate copy.9.1.1 Copying TimeChoose t
