1、Designation: F 2498 05Standard Practice forDetermining the Drying Time of Inkjet Media and Inks Usinga Smudge Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2498; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a procedure for assessing thedrying time of black and white or color images produced by
3、inkjet printers by smudging yellow, magenta cyan, red, green,blue, and black printed color bars.1.2 This practice can be used to test different media with agiven set of inks or it can be used to evaluate different inks witha given media.1.3 This method is applicable to printed images, where theimage
4、 may be contacted after printing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
5、ions prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definition:2.1.1 ink jet mediarefer to recording elements used by inkjet printers to receive inks. The substrate may be paper, plastic,canvas, fabric, or other ink receptive material. The substratemay, or may not, be coated with an ink receptive layer(s).3. Signif
6、icance and Use3.1 In addition to providing acceptable image quality, ink jetmedia have to dry in a reasonable time period so that the imageis not perturbed by handling after imaging.3.2 Good drying time is a prime consideration for inkjetinks and media. An inkjet print which does not dry in areasona
7、ble time period has limited usefulness. This practice isused to obtain comparative data of drying times for inkjet inksand media.4. Interferences4.1 Since the drying time of inkjet inks and media isdependent on temperature and humidity, it is important that themeasurements be made under the conditio
8、ns appropriate to theend use applications. While printed media may be handled anddisplayed under a variety of conditions, this test practice isintended to determine drying time in indoor environments.4.2 The drying time is dependent on temperature andhumidity, and should be measured within the tempe
9、ratures andhumidities specified by the printer or media manufacturer.4.3 The drying time is dependent on the printing mode, thetype of color and the amount of applied inks.4.4 This procedure is only applicable for determining drytime, when the drying time exceeds the actual print time.5. Materials5.
10、1 Printer, media, stopwatch, PVC pre-powdered dispos-able gloves, test target, calculator.6. Test Samples and Target6.1 The method of printing, inks, inks laydown, and han-dling of printed samples shall be consistent with the anticipatedend use.6.2 The test image may be generated with personal com-p
11、uter word processing, drawing/graphics, or page layout soft-ware, saved as a print file for each printer/method of printing(contributing its unique inks and inks/receiver interactions thatmay impact drying time), trial-printed, and evaluated forappropriate ink letdown (purity and amount) and ease of
12、printing and testing. Each print file should have its filename,type, and version identified in the image area and a place forexperimental notes (for example, time, printer, environmentalconditions, operator). The printer settings and a trial print ofeach print file version should be archived.6.3 The
13、 test image should be constructed such that the barsconsist of three primary colors (yellow, magenta, cyan), threesecondary colors (red, green, blue), composite black (CMY)and pure black). They are38 in. wide by 9116 in. long, and the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on
14、BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink JetImaging Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published July 2005.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.tick marks are spa
15、ced1516 in. apart. The sixth “X” tick markwill be at the lead edge of the print (first portion of image toexit the printer).NOTE 1Depending on the printer, it may not be possible to print bothpure black and composite black bars.7. Conditioning7.1 It is recommended that samples be conditioned in ther
16、oom where the test will be run for at least 24 h prior toprinting. Samples should be placed individually so that maxi-mum surface area of the media is exposed to the environmentbeing tested. The conditioned samples should be visuallyinspected prior to printing for surface irregularities, whichcould
17、adversely affect the measurements.8. Smudge Procedure8.1 Place PVC gloves on each hand.8.2 Make 1 print of the test image using the specified printerand media at the predetermined room conditions.8.3 As soon as the printer begins printing the color bars,begin timing using a stopwatch. End timing whe
18、n the printingof the color bars is complete. This time is the total print time.8.4 As soon as the print is released from the printer, start thestopwatch and place the printed image on a flat surface.NOTE 2For some printers, the print is not immediately released fromthe printer. In this case, do not
19、end timing until the print is ejected.8.5 Hold the print firmly in place on a flat horizontal surfacewith one hand, orienting the print horizontally so that the first“X” tick mark is on the left, with the black bar closest to youand with the other hand swipe the sample at the 1st tick marklabeled “1
20、st X” using uniform pressure.Always swipe from theyellow bar to the black bar (100 % K).8.6 After completing the swipe at the first “X” tick mark,proceed immediately to the subsequent “X” tick marks, skip-ping the “O” tick marks. Use a clean area of the gloved handfor each tick mark.8.7 After the la
21、st “X” tick has been swiped, wait until theprint time of the sample has elapsed, then using a clean area ofthe glove, swipe the “O” tick marks, starting at the first “O”and continue until all “O” tick marks have been swiped.8.7.1 Using a black permanent marker, label the actual printtime on the targ
22、et, as well as the media, printer, and conditiontested.8.7.2 If smudging occurs on any of the color bars at the last“O” tick mark area, another print will need to be generated.Print the 2nd print, starting the stopwatch when the printingbegins. When the sample has exited the printer, start the stopw
23、atch and wait until 33 the print time has passed (for example,print time = 4 minutes 36 seconds. For the second print,swiping of the “X” tick marks will be started at 12 minutes and48 seconds). Follow steps 8.5 through 8.6. Again, wait thelength of the print time (for example, an additional 4 minute
24、 36seconds) and then swipe the “O.”NOTE 3If you know the approximate dry time, start the measurementat least 1 min before the print will dry. This will reduce the time of thetesting procedure.9. Evaluating Test Results9.1 Record the actual time when smudging was no longervisible (for each color bar)
25、 and calculate the time by using thefollowing procedure:9.1.1 Total print time divided by 5 = increment time.9.1.2 Place the increment time at the 2nd tick mark.Add theincrement time to each subsequent “X” tick mark. The last “X”tick mark time should equal the actual total print time.9.1.3 If smudgi
26、ng continues after the “X” tick marks, addthe total print time plus12 of the increment time. This total isplace at the 1st “O” tick mark. Add the increment time to eachsubsequent “O” tick marks. The final “O” tick mark timeshould equal double the actual print time minus12 theincrement time (seeAppen
27、dix X1 for an example of calculatingincrement times and smudging times).10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Sample identification, including the printer, methodof printing, and the media type.10.1.2 Record the time when the sample no longer smudgesfor each color bar.10.1.3 Record
28、the temperature and humidity.11. Precision and Bias11.1 A statement of bias is not applicable in view of theunavailability of a standard reference for these properties.11.2 To minimize variability when doing comparative test-ing, one operator should perform the smudge procedure.FIG. 1 Test ImageF249
29、805212. Keywords12.1 drying time; ink jet; media; printing; smudgeAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE OF CALCULATING INCREMENT TIMES AND SMUDGING TIMESX1.1 Print Time = 4 minutes 36 seconds.X1.1.1 Convert seconds to % minutes by dividing thenumber of seconds by 60 (36 divided by 60).X1.1.2
30、 This equals 0.6 minutes.X1.1.3 Print time = 4.6 minutes.X1.1.4 Divide 4.6 minutes by 5 (which equals 0.92 minutes;always round to 2 decimal places).X1.1.5 0.92 = increment time.X1.1.6 2nd “X” tick mark = 0.92 minutes.X1.1.7 3rd “X” tick mark = 1.84 minutes.X1.1.8 4th “X” tick mark = 2.76 minutes.X1
31、.1.9 5th “X” tick mark = 3.68 minutes.X1.1.10 6th “X” tick mark = 4.60 minutes (which is theactual total print time).X1.2 If smudging occurs after the last “X” tick mark, youmust then calculate the “O” tick marks. This calculation is asfollows:X1.2.1 Add the total print time of 4.6 minutes plus12 th
32、eincrement time of 0.92 which equals 0.46 to arrive at thefollowing: (add the 0.46 to #1; each subsequent time you add0.92the full increment time).X1.2.2 1st “O” tick mark = 5.06 minutes.X1.2.3 2nd “O” tick mark = 5.98 minutes.X1.2.4 3rd “O” tick mark = 6.90 minutes.X1.2.5 4th “O” tick mark = 7.82 m
33、inutes.X1.2.6 5th “O” tick mark = 8.74 minutes.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
34、and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revi
35、sion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you
36、shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2498053
