1、Designation: F 2517 05Standard Specification forDetermination of Child Resistance of Portable FuelContainers for Consumer Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2517; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes recognized requirementsfor determining the child resistance of portable
3、 gasolinecontainers intended for use by consumers. This specificationdoes not cover single-trip prepackaged containers.1.2 This specification is not a fire hazard standard, but aspecification for containers.1.3 This specification also establishes requirements for de-termining senior adult use effect
4、iveness of containers.1.4 The values given in inch-pound units are to be consid-ered the standard.The values in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st
5、andard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 852 Specification for Portable Gasoline Containers forConsumer UseF 976 Specification for Portable Kerosine Containers for
6、Consumer UseF 2234 Specification for Portable Gasoline and KerosineSpill Resistant Fueling Systems for Consumer Use3. Requirements3.1 General Requirements:3.1.1 Containers and closures shall first meet all require-ments of Specifications F 852 and F 976 where applicable, andalso those feasible and a
7、ppropriate test requirements of Speci-fication F 2234 capable of being adapted to portable fuelcontainers having CR closures, including ultraviolet (UV)exposure (5.13.1) and immersion (5.11) tests of the closures.3.1.2 Containers, components, and closures shall be newwith container half full of wate
8、r for testing in accordance withSections 4 and 5.3.1.3 Individual containers, closed with closures shall betested as described in Section 4 after having been subjected, insequence, to:3.1.3.1 Low-temperature exposure at 0F (17.8C) for 8 h.3.1.3.2 Elevated temperature exposure at 140F (60C) for 8h.3.
9、1.3.3 Opening and closing of each closure for 250 cycles.3.1.4 Containers shall then be inverted and inspected visu-ally before and after testing to determine any leakage.3.1.5 Containers tested by the methods described in Sec-tions 4 and 5 shall meet the following specifications:3.1.5.1 Child-resis
10、tant effectiveness for each and everyclosure on a container. of not less than 85 %, without ademonstration, and not less than 80 % after a demonstration, ofthe proper means of opening when 200 children are tested perclosure.3.1.5.2 Senior Adult TestContainers shall have a senioradult-use effectivene
11、ss (SAUE) of not less than 90 % for thesenior adult panel test of Section 5 for all closures of thecontainer.4. Test Procedure4.1 General:4.1.1 For testing in accordance with Section 4, containerswith multiple closures shall have each closure tested sepa-rately. Closure(s) not being tested shall be
12、sealed off so theywill not function but will appear as they would normally.4.1.2 Reclosable containers, if assembled by the testingagency, shall be properly secured at least 72 h before beginningthe test to allow the materials (for example, the closure liner)to “take a set.” Torque-dependent closure
13、s shall be secured atthe same torque as applied normally by adult consumers.4.1.3 All containers shall be handled so that no damage orjarring will occur during storage or transportation.4.1.4 The containers shall be tested at room temperature(2214 C).4.2 Child-Resistant Test (Test Subjects/Selection
14、 Criteria):1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.10 onStandards for Flammable Liquid Containers.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
15、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
16、59, United States.4.2.1 Use from 1 to 4 groups of 50 children, as requiredunder the sequential testing criteria in Table 1.4.2.2 No more than 20 % of the children in each group shallbe tested at or obtained from any given site.4.2.3 Each group of children shall be randomly selected asto age, subject
17、 to the limitations set forth below.4.2.4 Thirty percent of the children in each group shall be ofage 42 to 44 months, 40 % of the children in each group shallbe of age 45 to 48 months, and 30 % of the children in eachgroup shall be of age 49 to 51 months.4.2.5 The childrens ages in months shall be
18、calculated asfollows:4.2.5.1 Arrange the birth date and test date by the numericaldesignations for month, day, and year (for example, test date:8/3/1990; birth date: 6/23/1986).4.2.5.2 Subtract the month, day, and year numbers for thebirth date from the respective numbers for the test date. It ispos
19、sible that this will result in negative numbers for the monthsor days.4.2.5.3 Multiply the difference in years by 12 to obtain thenumber of months in the difference in years and add this valueto the number of months that was obtained when the birth datewas subtracted from the test date (that is, 4 3
20、 12 = 48; 48 + 2= 50). This figure either will remain the same or be adjusted upor down by one month, depending on the number of daysobtained in the subtraction of the birth date from the test date.4.2.5.4 If the number of days obtained by subtracting thedays in the birth date from the days in the t
21、est date is +16 ormore, one month is added to the number of months obtainedabove. If the number of days is 16 or less, subtract l month.If the number of days is between 15 and +15 inclusive, nochange is made in the number of months.Thus, for the examplegiven above, the number of days is 20 and the n
22、umber ofmonths is therefore 501=49months.4.2.5.5 The difference between the number of boys and thenumber of girls in each age range shall not exceed 10 % of thenumber of children in that range. Select children without anobvious or overt physical or mental handicap.4.3 Child-Resistant Tests (Test Fai
23、lures)A test failureshall be any child who opens the closure or gains access to thecontainers contents.4.4 Sequential TestThe sequential test is initially con-ducted using 50 children, and depending on the results, thecriteria in Table 1 determines whether the container is eitherchild resistant or n
24、ot child resistant or whether further testingis required. Further testing is required if the results areinconclusive and involves the use of one or more additionalgroups of 50 children each, up to a maximum of 200 children.No individual shall administer the test to more than 30 % of thechildren test
25、ed in each group. Table 1 gives the acceptance(pass), continue testing, and rejection (fail) criteria to be usedfor the first 5 min and the full 10 min of the childrens test. Ifthe test continues past the initial 50-child panel, the containeropenings shown in Table 1 are cumulative.4.5 Test Procedur
26、esThe children shall be divided intogroups of two. The testing shall be done in a location that isfamiliar to the children, for example, their customary nurseryschool or regular kindergarten. No child shall test more thantwo closures. When more than one closure is being tested, eachclosure shall be
27、dissimilar, and they shall be presented to thepaired children in random order. This order shall be recorded.The children shall be tested by the procedure incorporated inthe following test instructions:4.6 Detailed Standardized Child Test Instructions:4.6.1 The children shall have no overt physical o
28、r mentalhandicaps. No child with a permanent or temporary illness,injury, or handicap that would interfere with his/her effectiveparticipation shall be included in the test.4.6.2 The testing shall take place in a well-lit location that isfamiliar to the children and is isolated from all distractions
29、.4.6.3 The tester, or another adult, shall escort a pair ofchildren to the test area. The tester shall seat the two childrenso that there is no visual barrier between the children and thetester.4.6.4 The tester shall talk to the children to make them feelat ease.4.6.5 The children shall not be given
30、 the impression thatthey are in a race or contest. They are not to be told that the testis a game or that it is fun. They are not to be offered a reward.4.6.6 The tester shall record all data before, or after, the testso that full attention can be on the children during the testperiod.4.6.7 The test
31、er shall use a stopwatch(s) or other timingdevices to time the number of seconds it takes the child to openthe container and to time the 5-min test periods.4.6.8 To begin the test, the tester shall hand the childrenidentical containers, indicate by gesture which opening is beingtested and say, “Plea
32、se try to open this for me.”4.6.9 If a child refuses to participate after the test hasstarted, the tester shall reassure the child and gently encouragethe child to try. If the child continues to refuse, the tester shallask the child to hold the container in his/her lap until the otherchild is finish
33、ed. This pair of children shall not be eliminatedfrom the results unless the refusing child disrupts the partici-pation of the other child.TABLE 1 Number of Closure Openings: Acceptance (Pass), Continue Testing, and Rejection (Fail) Criteria for the First 5 min and theFull 10 min of the Childrens Pr
34、otocol TestTestPanelCumulativeNumber ofChildrenClosure OpeningsFirst 5 min Full 10 minPass Continue Fail Pass Continue Fail1 50 03 410 11+ 05 614 15+2 100 410 1118 19+ 615 1624 25+3 150 1118 1925 26+ 1625 2634 35+4 200 1930 31+ 2640 41+F25170524.6.10 Each child shall be given up to 5 min to open his
35、/hercontainer. The tester shall watch the children at all times duringthe test. The tester shall minimize conversation with thechildren as long as they continue to attempt to open theircontainers. The tester shall not discourage the children verballyor with facial expressions. If a child gets frustr
36、ated or boredand stops trying to open his/her container, the tester shallreassure the child and gently encourage the child to keep trying(for example, “Please try to open the container”).4.6.11 The children shall be allowed freedom of movementto work on their containers as long as the tester can wat
37、ch bothchildren (for example, they can stand up, get down on the floor,or bang or pry the package).4.6.12 If a child is endangering himself or others at anytime, the test shall be stopped and the pair of childreneliminated from the final results.4.6.13 The children shall be allowed to talk to each o
38、therabout opening the containers and shall be allowed to watcheach other try to open the containers.4.6.14 A child shall not be allowed to try to open the otherchilds container.4.6.15 If a child opens his/her container, the tester shall say,“thank you,” take the container from the child and put it o
39、ut ofthe childs reach. The child shall not be asked to open thecontainer a second time.4.6.16 At the end of the 5-min period, the tester shalldemonstrate how to open the container if either child has notopened his or her container. A separate “demo” package shallbe used for the demonstration.4.6.17
40、Before beginning the demonstration, the tester shallask the children to set their containers aside. The children shallnot be allowed to continue to try to open their containers duringthe demonstration period.4.6.18 The tester shall say, “Watch me open my container.”4.6.19 Once the tester gets the ch
41、ildrens full attention, thetester shall hold the demo container approximately 2 ft (0.6 m)from the children and open the container at a normal speed asif the tester were going to use the contents. There shall be noexaggerated opening movements.4.6.20 The tester shall not discuss or describe how to o
42、penthe container.4.6.21 To begin the second 5-min period, the tester shall say,“Now you try to open your containers.”4.6.22 The test shall continue for an additional 5 min oruntil both children have opened their containers, whichevercomes first.4.6.23 At the end of the test period, the tester shall
43、say,“Thank you for helping.” If children were told that they coulduse their teeth, the tester shall say, “I know I told you that youcould use your teeth today, but you should not put things likethis in your mouth again.” In addition, the tester shall say,“Never open containers like this when you are
44、 by yourself. Thiskind of container might have something in it that would yousick.”4.6.24 The children shall be escorted back to their class-room or other supervised area by the tester or another adult.4.6.25 If the children are to participate in a second test, thetester shall have them stand up and
45、 stretch for a short timebefore beginning the second test. The tester shall take care thatthe children do not disrupt other tests in progress.5. Senior Testing5.1 Senior Adult Panel, Test SubjectsUse a group of 100senior adults. Not more than 24 % of the senior adults testedshall be obtained from or
46、 tested at any one site. Each group ofsenior adults shall be randomly selected as to age, subject tothe limitations set forth below. Twenty-five percent of theparticipants shall be 50 to 54 years of age, 25 % of participantsshall be 55 to 59 years of age, and 50 % of the participants shallbe 60 to 7
47、0 years old. Seventy percent of the participants ofages 50 to 59 and ages 60 to 70 shall be female (17 or 18females shall be apportioned to the 50- to 54-year age group).No individual tester shall administer the test to more than 35 %of the senior adults tested. Select adults with no obvious orovert
48、 physical or mental disability.5.2 Screening ProceduresParticipants who are unable toopen the container being tested in the first 5-min time periodare given a screening test. The screening tests for this purposeshall use two containers with conventional (not child-resistant(CR) or “special”) closure
49、s. One closure shall be a plastic snapclosure and the other a CT (continuous threaded) plasticclosure. Persons who cannot open and close both of thescreening containers in 1-min screening tests shall not becounted as participants in the senior adult panel.5.3 Senior Adult Use Effectiveness (SAUE)The percent-age of adults who both opened all closures of the container inthe first (5-min) test period and opened and (if appropriate)properly resecured all closures of the container in the 1-mintest period.5.4 Test ProceduresThe senior adults shall be te
