1、Designation: F2542 05 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Methods forPhysical Assault on Ventilation Grilles for Detention andCorrectional Facilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2542; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover requirements for simulatedservice tests and testing equipmen
3、t for determining the perfor-mance characteristics of ventilation grilles used in secure areas,including detention and correctional facilities. The testingequipment provides for the setup and testing of specimengrilles and mounting systems. It is recognized that, in order tomeet the intent of these
4、test methods, ventilation grilles mustbe compatible with the level of performance require by TestMethods F2322.1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to ensure thatsecurity ventilation grilles meet minimum performance levelsto control the passage of unauthorized materials into secureareas, to co
5、nfine inmates, to resist vandalism, and to delay orfrustrate escape, or both. It is also the responsibility of the userof these test methods to insure that the grille selected isappropriate, based on relevant regulatory, health, and safetyconcerns and requirements. Such concerns include, but are not
6、limited to, injury and suicide avoidance. These test methods donot quantify such concerns.1.3 Take care to provide access to return and exhaust ductsfor cleaning as required by NFPA 90A. If access cannot beprovided though an interstitial space behind walls or ceiling,the use of filter grilles needs
7、to be considered as an option.When filter grilles are provided, filters shall have a minimumUL-900 class 2 rating, and a filter replacement program needsto be in place at the facility.1.4 Airflow performance shall be catalogued in accordancewith ASHRAE 7091. Manufacturers catalog data must in-clude
8、grade level achieved.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety c
9、oncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2322 Test Methods for Physical Assa
10、ult on Vertical FixedBarriers for Detention and Correctional Facilities2.2 NFPA Standard:3NFPA 90A Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioningand Ventilating Systems2.3 UL Standard:4UL-900 Standard for Air Filter Units2.4 ASHRAE Standard:5ASHRAE 7091 Method of Testing for Rating the Perfor-man
11、ce of Air Outlets and Inlets3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 barsmethod of reinforcement or prevention ofegress installed in the sleeve. Bars may be of a material, size,shape, and spacing as selected by the manufacturer to providethe desired test results and meet applicable federal, state, andloc
12、al jail and prison standards.3.1.2 diffuserceiling-mounted device designed to providedeflection of air flow.3.1.3 filter grillegrille incorporating a replaceable filter inthe grille sleeve or body.3.1.4 forcible egressopening created in the specimenwhich allowsa5in.3 8 in. 3 8 in. (127 mm 3 203 mm 3
13、 203mm) rigid rectangular box to be passed through with force notexceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N).1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 onDetention and Correctional Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee F33.04 on Detention Hardware.Current edition appr
14、oved June 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2542 05. DOI:10.1520/F2542-05R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
15、 volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.5Avai
16、lable from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.5 grille, security grille, or ventilat
17、ion grilledeviceinstalled to allow passage of air while protecting ventilationopenings.3.1.6 grille faceportion of grille exposed to the occupiedspace.3.1.7 manufacturerparty responsible for the construction,fabrication, or supply of the test specimens used to conduct thetests.3.1.8 mounting methodm
18、ethod of retaining a device in awall or ceiling. Typical methods may include angles welded tothe sleeve, a sleeve formed to capture the wall or ceiling, orimbed masonry anchors, or both.3.1.9 openingspassageways in the grille face, allowingflow of air through a device.3.1.10 sleeveportion of the gri
19、lle that attaches to the facethat can be used to connect ductwork, and provide a means toaffix the grille into the wall, ceiling, or structure.3.1.11 suicide avoidancepunched plate with through pen-etrations not exceeding316 in. diameter, or another acceptabletechnology, such as multiple passageways
20、, as deemed accept-able by the approving authority.3.1.12 test completionconduct one test sequence for eachgrille.3.1.13 testing laboratoryaccredited independent thirdparty testing laboratory.3.1.14 transfer grilledevice with two exposed faces serv-ing adjacent spaces, providing a means for air move
21、ment fromone space to the other, due to room pressure differences.3.1.15 vandalismopening created in the specimen whichallows a 2 in. (51 mm) rigid cube to be passed through withforce not exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N).4. Significance and Use4.1 A major concern for administration officials is securityof
22、barriers used in detention/correctional facilities. These testmethods are designed to identify the security levels forventilation grilles mounted within these barriers.4.2 The purpose of these tests is to approximate levels ofabuse to which grilles will potentially be subjected in the field,and to p
23、rovide assurance of protection to the public, facilityadministrative personnel, and inmates.5. Sampling5.1 Specimens shall be constructed in accordance with 6.1and shall be representative of grilles made by the manufacturer.5.2 One specimen for of size 16 3 16 in. (406 3 406 mm)to be offered for eac
24、h grade.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 Construction:6.1.1 Grilles must be available in 4 in. (101 mm) incre-ments. Manufacturers shall be permitted to offer intermediatesizes also, at their discretion.6.1.2 Openings in face shall not exceed316 in. (4.76 mm)diameter. Multiple passageways with316 in. (4.7
25、6 mm) maxi-mum openings are also acceptable.6.1.3 Air flow performance shall be cataloged in accordancewith ASHRAE Standard 70-91 and need to include filterpressure loss if the grille is so equipped.6.1.4 Where bars are required for purpose of testing, theymust be located no more than 5 in. (127 mm)
26、 maximum behindface.6.2 Test FixtureFixture shall be fabricated of structuralsteel, shall be large enough to accommodate the specimen andallow for mounting of the specimen in a method common todetention and corrections installations.7. ProceduresVANDALISM PRYING TEST7.1 ScopeSimulate attack with com
27、mon hand tools.7.2 Significance and UseCrowbar, screwdriver, and pliersare used to remove face or create an opening.7.3 Apparatus:7.3.1 A10 in. (254 mm) screwdriver,7.3.2 A24 in. (610 m) crowbar, and7.3.3 A8 in. (203 m) pliers.7.3.4 Procedure:7.3.4.1 Test must be conducted prior to the VandalismImpa
28、ct Test.7.3.4.2 Specimen must remain in fixture for use in theVandalism Impact Test.7.3.4.3 Attack grille with tools for time required in Table 1.7.3.4.4 Specimen is exposed to the Prying Test at eachsuccessive grade level. The specimen is deemed to have failedif a 2 in. (51 mm) cube can be passed t
29、hrough any opening inthe face with a force not exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N). Thespecimen will be classed at the highest Vandalism Prying Testgrade level achieved prior to failure.7.3.4.5 Transfer grilles must have both faces of a singlespecimen tested for the appropriate grade. If the grille issymmetri
30、cal in all aspects of construction and mountingmethod, then testing on one face is permitted for Grade Levels3 and 4.VANDALISM IMPACT TEST7.4 ScopeThis test is designed to evaluate the ability of aspecimen to resist an attack that uses common hand tools.7.5 Significance and UseThis test method is de
31、signed tosimulate a field situation where a 10 lb (4.54 kg) sledgehammeris used to attack the grille face. Specimen must resist attackwithout allowing passage of a 2 in. (51 mm) cube through thegrille face with a force not exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N).7.6 Apparatus:7.6.1 Impact Test ApparatusSteel impa
32、ct ram shall beequipped to be incorporated into a hinged or pivoted swingingpendulum equipped with a blunt impactor (Fig. 1). The systemshall be capable of delivering 200 lbf (271.2 J) of energy.TABLE 1 Security LevelGrade1Grade2Grade3Grade4Vandalism PryingTest45min30min20min10minVandalism ImpactTes
33、t200blows150blows100blows50blowsEgress Test 400additionalblows200additionalblowsNotrequiredNotrequiredF2542 05 (2012)2Combined weight of impact ram (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) and bluntimpactor shall be 80 6 0.25 lb (36.3 6 0.10 kg). The dropheight of the ram shall be 31 6 1 in. (762 6 25.4 mm). Theangle of
34、 the suspension rods, cable, arm, or chains shall be nomore than 45 off vertical when the ram is in the raised position(see Fig. 3). All pivot points in the suspension system must bein good repair and well lubricated to minimize friction lossesthat could reduce the impact energy being delivered to t
35、he testspecimen.7.6.2 Blunt ImpactorImpactor shall be fabricated fromC1010-1020 carbon steel and shall have an impact surface areaof 4 6 0.04 in.2(101.6 6 1.0 mm2) and shall have roundededges similar to a 10 lb (4.54 kg) sledgehammer head.Impactor shall be adjustable to provide impact to specimenfac
36、e, then adjust to impact bars from front or rear of grille asrequired for the Egress Test.7.6.3 FixtureFixture shall be of sufficient size to containtest specimen and of a design to accommodate the mountingmethod with which the specimen will be tested. Fixture shallbe rigidly constructed and reinfor
37、ced, and secured to wall orfloor to insure all forces are transmitted to test specimen (seeFig. 4 and Fig. 5).7.7 Procedure:7.7.1 Install specimen in structural steel fixture using themounting system as designed for field installation.7.7.2 Align impactor to provide blows to center of thespecimen fa
38、ce plate.7.7.3 Strike face with number of blows as indicated in Table1.7.7.4 Specimen is exposed to the Vandalism Impact Test ateach successive grade level. The specimen is deemed to havefailed if a 2 in. (51 mm) cube can be passed through anyopening in the face with a force not exceeding 10 lbf (44
39、.5 N).The specimen will be classed at the highest Vandalism ImpactTest grade level achieved prior to failure. This test is followedby the Egress Impact Test.FIG. 1 Blunt ImpactorFIG. 2 RamFIG. 3 Fixture and Ram Side ViewFIG. 4 Fixture and RamFront ViewF2542 05 (2012)37.7.5 Transfer grilles must have
40、 both faces of one specimentested for the appropriate grade. If the grille is symmetrical inall aspects of construction and mounting method, then testingon one face is permitted for Grade Levels 3 and 4.EGRESS TEST7.8 ScopeDetermine the ability of a grille to resist anadditional attack that simulate
41、s common hand tools.7.9 Significance and UseSimulate a 10 lb (4.54 kg)sledgehammer attack on the grille face after the initial vandal-ism impact attack.7.10 The specimen that passed the Vandalism Impact Testmust remain in fixture for the Egress Test face impact.7.11 ApparatusImpact ram with blunt im
42、pactor as de-scribed for Vandalism Impact Test.7.12 Procedure:7.12.1 The Egress Impact Test includes a series of blows tothe face of the grille as indicated in Table 1. If at any timeduring this test the face becomes deformed enough to allow a2 in. (51 mm) cube to pass through with a force not excee
43、ding10 lbf (44.5 N), the test must be suspended and a portion of theface cut away sufficient to allow direct impact on the bars in thesleeve. The impactor must then be adjusted to provide therequired impact to the bars for the duration of the face impacttest. The specimen is deemed to have failed if
44、 a 5 in. 3 8 in.3 8 in. (127 mm 3 203 mm 3 203 mm) rigid rectangular boxcan be passed through the security bars of the grille with forcenot exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N). The specimen will be classed atthe highest Egress Impact Test grade level achieved prior tofailure.8. Certification8.1 The manufactur
45、er shall provide test reports by anindependent testing laboratory that certify that specimen(s)were successfully tested in accordance with these test methodsand which comply with section.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Name and address of laboratory.9.1.2 Date laboratory complete
46、d tests.9.1.3 Name and address of manufacturer.9.1.4 Description and identifying information, such asmodel number of the test specimen.9.1.5 Size of the specimen tested measured as the outsidedimension of the sleeve.9.1.6 Material and thickness of the face plate.9.1.7 Size of perforations or size an
47、d shape of passagewaysin face.9.1.8 Material and thickness of the sleeve.9.1.9 Method of forming sleeve (bending, welding).9.1.10 Method of attachment of the face to the sleeve,including size and spacing of welds.9.1.11 Description of the method used to retain a hinged orremovable face, including de
48、tails of hinges and latchingmechanisms.9.1.12 Description of mounting method used, includingsize and spacing of welds.9.1.13 Diagrams, details, and photographs of testing equip-ment.9.1.14 Specifications and details of the grille tested, includ-ing mounting method.9.1.15 All related test data, inclu
49、ding resulting grade levelachieved (Table 1).9.2 Provide the following:9.2.1 Still color photographs of the salient stages of the testsuch as:9.2.1.1 Initial penetration, and9.2.1.2 Conclusion of test.9.2.1.3 Each penetration which allows forcible egress shallbe reported, including photographs.9.2.2 Video recording of the entire test(s) is recommended.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout the precision or bias of the prying test, impact test, oregress test within these test methods since the test results ar
