1、Designation:F260109 Designation: F2601 12Standard Specification forFire Safety for Candle Accessories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification prescribes minimum safety requirements for candle accessories to help ensure a reasonable degree ofsafety for
3、 normal use with candles, thereby improving personal safety and reducing fires, deaths, and injuries.1.2 This specification is not intended to replace other safety practices such as adult supervision, close monitoring of productwhen in use, and fire detection, alarm, or suppression systems.1.3 The v
4、alues stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate
5、all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establ
6、ish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at
7、750CE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsF1972 Guide for Terminology Relating to Candles and Associated Accessory ItemsF2417 Specification for Fire Safety for Candles3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsCertain candle-related terminology has already been addressed in Guide F1972. Certain additional fire-relate
8、dterminology is found in Terminology E176. The reader is directed to those standards for definitions not found in 3.2.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 burn time, ntime interval a test specimen supports sustained flaming combustion after removal of the ignition sourceuntil all
9、 flaming ceases.3.2.2 candle accessory, nobject designed, intended, or marketed for use with a candle.3.2.3 candle burner, ncandle holder that has an enclosed, but vented, area in which to put a candle, said candle providing asource of heat or light or both.3.2.3.1 DiscussionDoes not include the ite
10、m known as a “candle follower” also referred to by the term “candle burner” inthe liturgical industry.3.2.4 candle holder, ncandle accessory onto which a candle is placed. It may support, hold or contain a candle when in use.3.2.4.1 DiscussionFilled candles are not candle holders.3.2.5 candle ring,
11、ncandle accessory intended to surround the candle with decorative materials in proximity to a candle,including, but not limited to, a continuous ring or loose fill material.3.2.6 consumption rate, nrate at which a candle is consumed measured in grams of fuel consumed per hour.3.2.6.1 DiscussionConsu
12、mption rate is determined by weighing a candle prior to burning and then again at the end of the lifeor burn cycle of the candle. The weight consumed in grams is then divided by the burn time in hours to arrive at a consumptionrate in grams per hour.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of A
13、STM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on Candle Products.Current edition approved JuneMarch 1, 2009.2012. Published July 2009.March 2012. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20072009 asF2601 079. DOI: 10.1520/F2601-0
14、9.10.1520/F2601-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard a
15、nd is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
16、 the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.7 ignition, ninitiation of combustion.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe combustion is typically
17、 evidenced by glow or flame. The combustion may be sustained or transient.3.2.8 noncombustible, adjnot capable of igniting and burning when subjected to a fire under specified conditions.3.2.8.1 DiscussionMaterials that pass Test Method E136 are considered noncombustible.3.2.9 potpourri burner, ncan
18、dle burner designed to provide a source of heat to warm a reservoir of extraneous material.3.2.10 sustained flaming, nexistence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of4sormore.3.2.10.1 DiscussionSustained flaming starts at the beginning of the period when a flame is found on o
19、r over the surface.4. Safety Requirements4.1 Safety Requirements for Candle RingsThis safety requirement applies to all candle rings with the following exceptions:rings constructed exclusively of noncombustible materials, rings constructed exclusively of live plants or fresh cut flowers, or both,tha
20、t remain hydrated during their intended life, or items which include rings that incorporate barrier technology (see5.2.4.14-5.2.4.16).4.1.1 Rationale:4.1.1.1 Candle rings are used in proximity to a known source of ignition (candle flame).4.1.1.2 Flammable components of candle rings increase the risk
21、 of fires when using candle products.4.1.2 Performance Requirement:4.1.2.1 Acandle ring shall pass the flammability requirements for candle rings if, when tested according to 5.2, it does not igniteor has a burn time less than or equal to an average of 30 s for three tests per component and the burn
22、 time for any one test shallnot exceed 60 s. During any test, flaming shall not spread over the entire candle ring. The test shall be conducted on all applicablecomponents of the ring.4.2 Safety Requirements for Candle HoldersThis safety requirement applies to all candle holders, including candle bu
23、rnersand potpourri burners, with the following exceptions: holders constructed exclusively of noncombustible materials (see Note 1)or which incorporate barrier technology. (See 5.2.4.15.)NOTE 1Observations indicate that some porous materials which are otherwise considered to be noncombustible, for e
24、xample, unglazed ceramics andterra cotta, absorb molten wax or other combustible liquids and can support sustained flaming combustion. This note has been provided for informationalpurposes only.4.2.1 Rationale:4.2.1.1 Candle holders are used with burning candles placed directly on or in them.4.2.1.2
25、 Direct flame impingement of the candle flame onto candle holders is possible during use, resulting in the candle holderigniting.4.2.2 Performance RequirementA candle holder shall pass the flammability requirements for candle holders if, when testedaccording to 5.2, it does not ignite or has a burn
26、time less than or equal to an average of 30 s for three tests per component andthe burn time for any one test shall not exceed 60 s. During any test, flaming shall not spread over the entire candle holder. Thetest shall be conducted on all applicable components of the holder.4.3 Safety Requirements
27、for Candle Burners and Potpourri BurnersThis safety requirement applies to all types of burnersdesigned to use a candle as a source of heat or light, or both. Candle burners and potpourri burners are also subject to therequirements of 4.2.4.3.1 Rationale:4.3.1.1 Candle burners and potpourri burners
28、can contribute to secondary ignition, excessive flame heights, or end of useful lifeproblems, or a combination thereof. These are often associated with the buildup of heat or soot or both from candles placed in thesetypes of products.4.3.1.2 Candle burners and potpourri burners meeting the performan
29、ce requirement listed in 4.3.2 will reduce the risk of firesinitiated by candles used with these types of products.4.3.2 Performance Requirement:4.3.2.1 A candle burner or potpourri burner shall pass the performance requirements if there is no secondary ignition, excessiveflame height, or end-of-use
30、ful life problems as detailed in Sections 4.1 through 4.3 in Specification F2417 and the burner does notignite, crack, or break when the candle burner is tested with an appropriate scented tealight (or other supplied candle meeting therequirements in 5.3.1) according to the candle burning performanc
31、e test method found in Section 5.2.4 of Specification F2417.4.3.2.2 A minimum of three identical samples shall be tested eight times each with no failures allowed.NOTE 2Research3indicates that items with a small internal volume, low ceiling height, and limited ventilation are especially at risk to f
32、ail the flameheight, end-of-useful life, and secondary ignition requirements of Specification F2417.4.4 Safety Requirements for StabilityThis safety requirement applies to all accessories intended to be used in direct contactwith burning candles.3“Consumer Safety ResearchFires Associated With the Us
33、e of Night Lights and Ceramic Burners,” July 1996, Fire Research Station, Building Research Establishment.(Research conducted on behalf of the Consumer Safety Unit of the Department of Trade and Industry.) Consumer Safety Unit, 1 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0ET.F2601 1224.4.1 RationaleThis requirem
34、ent minimizes the hazards of candle accessory/ensemble tip over.4.4.2 Performance RequirementThe candle accessory must not tip over when placed at a minimum 10.0 incline when testedwith the candle specified in 5.3.1.5. Test Methods5.1 Candle fire safety issues addressed by these test methods include
35、 candle ring and holder flammability, candle burner andpotpourri burner accessories burn performance and stability.5.2 Flammability of Candle Rings or Holders:5.2.1 Summary of Test MethodComponents of candle rings or holders are tested on a flat noncombustible surface for sustainedflaming combustion
36、. Components of the ring or holder are tested for flammability through contact with the flame source for upto 60 s. Each test is monitored for sustained flaming combustion of the component. Three separate tests are performed on each typeof component of the candle ring or the candle holder. The burn
37、time is measured.5.2.2 Apparatus:5.2.2.1 Large, flat, noncombustible surface.5.2.2.2 Flame SourceA butane diffusion flame intended to represent a candle flame. The burner tube consists of a stainlesssteel tube with an outside diameter of nominally 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. The gas supply sy
38、stem consists of a pressuregauge, flow meter, fine-control valve, and cylinder regulator providing an outlet pressure of 28.5 mbar (0.4 psi). The flow metersupplies butane gas at a constant rate of 45 mL/min at 25C. Under the specified conditions, the flame height is approximately 35mm.NOTE 3An alte
39、rnative flame source is permissible provided that it can be demonstrated by testing identical specimens with both the alternative flamesource and the flame source specified in this test method that the tests using the alternative flame source yields failing results as often as, or more oftenthan tes
40、ts using the specified flame source.5.2.2.3 Ring stand/clamp assembly.5.2.2.4 Stopwatch.5.2.2.5 Ruler.5.2.2.6 Thermometer.5.2.2.7 Hygrometer.5.2.3 Safety Hazards(WarningThere is an inherent risk of working with and around open flames. Appropriate personalprotective equipment shall be used and safe w
41、ork practices shall be followed. Fire suppression equipment capable of mitigatingfires associated with candle accessory fire safety testing shall be readily available during testing.)5.2.4 Procedure:5.2.4.1 The candle ring or holder under test shall be conditioned before testing for at least4hatatem
42、perature between 20 to30C (68 to 86F) and a relative humidity of less than or equal to 55 %. All candle rings or holders shall be tested in a burn testarea that will be environmentally controlled to between 20 to 30C (68 to 86F) and less than or equal to 70 % relative humidity.Once removed from the
43、conditioning atmosphere, the candle rings or holders shall be tested within 1 h.5.2.4.2 The test shall be carried out with minimal disturbance of the flame source in a test area of sufficient size to accommodatethe candle ring or holder and prevent oxygen starvation of the flame source. The test sur
44、face shall be constructed of anoncombustible material and shall be cleaned before conducting each test, removing charred and molten materials or other debrisfrom previous tests.5.2.4.3 The finished product is to be tested in an orientation typical of the products intended use. The candle ring or hol
45、der shallbe placed on the test surface such that it lays flat to simulate normal use with no free-flowing air space under the candle ring unlessthat is how the candle ring is designed.5.2.4.4 If a candle ring or holder is designed or advertised to be used in several orientations or configurations, i
46、t shall be testedin every orientation/configuration for which it was designed or advertised. If the candle ring or holder fails the performancerequirement in any of the orientations tested, it will be considered a failure.5.2.4.5 The flame source is to be applied to each unique component on the cand
47、le ring or holder for a period of up to 60 s. Theflame source shall remain stationary during the ignition period. The flame source shall be positioned at an angle between 15 and45 (nonburning end of flame source higher than the flame end) from horizontal. See Fig. 1.5.2.4.6 Position the flame source
48、 such that its tip is stationary. The tip of the flame source shall be positioned approximatelyone half of the normal flame height away from the ring or holder component to be tested. See Fig. 1.NOTE 4For example, if the flame source produces a flame approximately 35 mm (1.4 in.) in height, the tip
49、of the flame source would be positionedapproximately 17.5 mm (0.7 in.) away from the test component. This will put the midpoint of the flame in contact with the edge of the component tobe tested.5.2.4.7 Ignite the flame source allowing the flame to make contact with the candle ring or holder component. Remove the flamesource from the test component as soon as the test component exhibits sustained flaming combustion.5.2.4.8 Record the time from when the test component first ignites with sustained flaming combustion until flaming ceases. Ifthe
