1、Designation: F 2620 06Standard Practice forHeat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for making jointswith polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of heatfusion joining in, but
3、 not limited to, a field environment. Othersuitable heat fusion joining procedures are available fromvarious sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. Thisstandard does not purport to address all possible heat fusionjoining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified proce-dures develope
4、d by other parties that have been proved toproduce reliable heat fusion joints.1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only tojoining polyethylene pipe and fittings of related polymerchemistry. They are intended for PE fuel gas pipe per Speci-fication D 2513 and PE potable water, sewer and
5、industrialpipe manufactured per Specification F 714, SpecificationD 3035, and AWWA C901 and C906. Consult with the pipemanufacturers to make sure they approve this procedure for thepipe to be joined (see Appendix X1).NOTE 1Information about polyethylene pipe and fittings that haverelated polymer che
6、mistry is presented in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI)TR-33 and TR-41.1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given inpresent ASTM specifications are required to produce soundjoints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using thejoining techniques described in this practice.1.4 The
7、values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, andappendixes which provide explanatory material. These notesand footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) s
8、hall notbe considered as requirements of the practice.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
9、of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2513 Specification for Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe,Tubing, and FittingsD 2737 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic TubingD 3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(DR-PR) Based on Controlled O
10、utside DiameterD 3261 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene(PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe andTubingF 714 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SDR-PR) Based on Outside DiameterF 905 Practice for Qualification of Polyethylene Saddle-Fused JointsF 1056 Sp
11、ecification for Socket Fusion Tools for Use inSocket Fusion Joining Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing andFittings2.2 PPI Documents:TR-33 Generic Butt Fusion Joining Procedure for FieldJoining of Polyethylene3TR-41 Generic Saddle Fusion Joining Procedure for Poly-ethylene Gas Piping32.3 AWWA Documents:AWWA
12、 C901 Standard for Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipeand Tubing,12 in. (13 mm) through 3 in. (76 mm), forWater Service4AWWA C906 Standard for Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipeand Fittings, 4 in. (100 mm) through 63 in. (1575 mm), forWater Distribution and Transmission43. Summary of Practice3.1 The princi
13、ple of heat fusion joining of polyethylene(PE) pipe is to heat two prepared surfaces to a designatedtemperature, then fuse them together by application of a1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20
14、on Joining.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published December 20062For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
15、STM website.3Available from Plastic Pipe Institute Inc., 1825 Connecticut Ave., NW Suite680 Washington, DC 20009.4Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. QuincyAve., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
16、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.sufficient force. This force causes the melted materials to flowand mix, thereby resulting in fusion.3.2 The heat-fusion procedures covered in this practice aresocket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion.3.2.1 Procedure 1, Socket FusionThe socket-fusion pr
17、o-cedure involves simultaneously heating the outside surface ofa pipe end and the inside of a fitting socket, which is sized tobe smaller than the smallest outside diameter of the pipe. Afterthe proper melt has been generated at each face to be mated,the two components are joined by inserting one co
18、mponent intothe other. See Fig. 1. The fusion bond is formed at the interfaceresulting from the interference fit. The melts from the twocomponents flow together and fuse as the joint cools. Optionalalignment devices are used to hold the pipe and socket fittingin longitudinal alignment during the joi
19、ning process; especiallywith pipe sizes IPS 3 in. (89 mm) and larger.Automated socketfusion is not addressed in this procedure.3.2.2 Procedure 2, Butt FusionThe butt-fusion procedurein its simplest form consists of heating the squared ends of twopipes, a pipe and a fitting, or two fittings, by holdi
20、ng themagainst a heated plate, removing the heater plate when theproper melt is obtained, promptly bringing the ends together,and allowing the joint to cool while maintaining the appropri-ate applied force.3.2.2.1 An appropriately sized butt fusion machine is usedto clamp, align and face the pipe or
21、 fitting ends and to apply thespecified fusion force. See Fig. 2.3.2.3 Procedure 3, Saddle FusionThe saddle-fusion pro-cedure involves melting the concave surface of the base of asaddle fitting, while simultaneously melting a matching patternon the surface of the pipe, bringing the two melted surfac
22、estogether and allowing the joint to cool while maintaining theappropriate applied force. See Fig. 3.3.2.3.1 An appropriately sized saddle fusion machine isused to clamp the pipe main and the fitting, align the parts andapply the specified fusion force.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures descr
23、ibed in Sections 7-9 are primarilyintended for (but not limited to) field joining of polyethylene(PE) pipe and fittings, using suitable equipment and appropri-ate environmental control procedures. When properly imple-mented, strong pressure/leak-tight joints are produced. Whenthese joints are destru
24、ctively tested, the failure occurs outsidethe fusion joined area.4.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and mo-lecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishingsuitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufactur-ers instructions in the use or development of a
25、 specific fusionprocedure. See Annex A1.4.3 The socket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion proce-dures in this practice are suitable for joining PE gas pipe andfittings, PE water pipe and fittings, and PE general purposepipes and fittings made to PE product specifications fromorganizations such a
26、s ASTM, AWWA, API, and ISO that areused in pressure, low pressure and non-pressure applications.For gas applications, qualification of the procedure by testingjoints made using the procedure in accordance with regulationsfrom the authority having jurisdiction are required.5. Operator Experience5.1 S
27、kill and knowledge on the part of the operator arerequired to obtain a good quality joint. This skill and knowl-edge is obtained by making joints in accordance with provenprocedures under the guidance of skilled operators. Evaluateoperator proficiency by testing sample joints.FIG. 1 Socket FusionF26
28、200625.2 The party responsible for the joining of polyethylenepipe and fittings shall ensure that detailed procedures devel-oped in conjunction with applicable codes and regulations andthe manufacturers of the pipe, fittings, and joining equipmentinvolved, including the safety precautions to be foll
29、owed, areissued before actual joining operations begin.6. ApparatusGeneral Recommendations6.1 Heating ToolElectric heating tools come in a varietyof sizes that match the fusion machines capabilities. They aredesigned with enough wattage and electronic control to main-tain the specified heater face t
30、emperature required in thisFIG. 2 Butt FusionFIG. 3 Saddle FusionF2620063procedure. The range of the heater control shall be larger thanthe heating temperature specification (the typical control rangeis 50F (30C) above and below the maximum and minimumrequired heating tool surface temperatures. Elec
31、tric heatingplates maintain consistent fusion temperatures when providedwith an adequate power source.6.2 Heating Tool FacesHeating tools may be made frommaterials such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, or copperalloys. Polyethylene material may stick to hot metal heatingsurfaces. This sticking
32、may be minimized by applying anon-stick coating to the heating surfaces or by fitting ahigh-temperature, non-stick fabric over the heating surfaces.The heating plate surfaces, coated or uncoated, shall be keptclean and free of contaminants such as dirt, grease and plasticbuild-up, which may cause ex
33、cessive sticking and createunsatisfactory joints. Most of these contaminants are removedfrom the hot tool surfaces using a clean, dry, oil-free lint-freecloth. Do not use synthetic fabrics which may char and stick tothe fusion surface. Some pigments, such as carbon black, maystain a heating surface
34、and probably cannot be removed; suchstains will not contaminate the joint interface.6.2.1 After a period of time in service, non-stick coatings orfabrics will deteriorate and become less effective. Deterioratedfabrics shall be replaced, and worn, scratched, or gougednon-stick coatings shall be re-co
35、ated when they lose effective-ness. Heat fusion quality may be adversely affected by dete-riorated non-stick surfaces. Spray-on chemicals, such as non-stick lubricants or oils shall not be applied to heating ironsurfaces as they will contaminate the joint.6.3 Temperature IndicatorHeating tools shall
36、 be equippedwith a thermometer or other built-in temperature indicatingdevice. This device indicates the internal temperature of theheating iron, which is usually higher than temperature of theheating tool surfaces. Use a pyrometer, or other temperaturemeasuring device, on the first joint of the day
37、 and periodicallyduring the day to verify the temperature of the tool facesurfaces within the pipe or fitting contact area. Select multiplecheckpoints to ensure uniform surface temperature.An infraredpyrometer is calibrated by comparison to a calibrated surfacepyrometer and adjusted to agree on each
38、 heating tool.NOTE 2A significant temperature variation, that is, cold spots, on theheating tool surfaces may indicate a faulty heating iron which may needto be serviced before it can be used.7. Procedure 1Socket Fusion7.1 Apparatus:7.1.1 Socket Fusion ToolsSocket fusion tools consist of aheating to
39、ol, heating tool faces, rounding clamps (cold rings),depth gage/chamfer tools, and pipe/fittings made to ASTMspecifications.7.1.2 Heating ToolIn order to obtain a proper melt, it isnecessary for a uniform temperature to be maintained acrossthe heating tool faces. An electrical tool shall have suffic
40、ientwattage and control to maintain the specified surface tempera-ture of the tool faces.7.1.3 Heating Tool FacesConsisting of two parts, a maleend for the interior socket surface and a female end for theexterior pipe surface. Both parts shall be made to suchtolerances as to cause an interference fi
41、t. Heating tool faces areproduced to Specification F 1056 dimensions, and are coatedwith a non-stick material to keep melted pipe and fittingmaterial from sticking to the face.7.1.4 Alignment JigThe alignment jig is an optional toolwhich consists of two sets of devices holding the componentsin align
42、ment to each other. One set of holding devices is fixed,and the other allows longitudinal movement for making thejoint.7.1.5 Rounding Clamps, (cold ring) to maintain roundnessof the pipe and control the depth of pipe insertion into thesocket during the joining operation.7.1.6 Depth Gage, for proper
43、positioning of the roundingclamp on the pipe.7.1.7 Chamfering Tool, to bevel the end of the pipe.NOTE 3The depth gage and chamfering tool may be combined into asingle tool.7.1.8 Tubing Cutter, to obtain a square end cut on the pipe.7.1.9 Fitting Puller, an optional tool to assist in the removalof th
44、e fitting from the heating tool and to hold the fitting duringassembly.7.2 Procedure:7.2.1 Attach the proper size heater faces to the heating tool,and bring the surface temperature of the tool faces to 490 to510F (254 to 266C). Use a pyrometer, or other temperaturemeasuring device, on the first join
45、t of the day and periodicallyduring the day to verify the temperature of the tool facesurfaces within the pipe or fitting contact area. Select multiplecheckpoints to ensure uniform surface temperature. Heatingtool thermometers measure the internal temperature of theheating tool, which is typically h
46、igher than the surface tem-perature of the heating tool faces.7.2.2 Cut the pipe end squarely, and clean the pipe end andfitting, both inside and outside, by wiping with a clean, dry,oil-free, lint-free cloth.7.2.3 Chamfer the outside edge of the pipe end slightly andfix the rounding clamp about the
47、 pipe as determined from thedepth gage. (See Note 4.)7.2.4 Push the socket fitting onto the preheated fitting toolface first, and then push the pipe into the pipe-side tool faceuntil the rounding clamps make contact with the heating faces.7.2.5 Heat the pipe end and the fitting socket for the timere
48、quired to obtain a proper melt. Proper melt is a function ofmaterial, time, tool temperature, and the size of the parts. Pipeand fittings of larger diameters require more time to reach theproper melt consistency than those of smaller diameters.Under-heated or overheated materials will not form a goo
49、dbond. Contact the fitting manufacturer for the recommendedheating times.7.2.6 At the end of the heating time, simultaneously removethe pipe and fitting straight out from the tool, using a snapaction. Immediately insert the pipe straight into the socket ofthe fitting so the rounding clamp is flush against the end of thefitting socket. Hold or block the joint in place until the melts ofthe mating surfaces have solidified. The exact cooling timedepends on the size of the pipe and the material being fused.F26200647.2.7 Remove the rounding clamp, and inspect the melt
