1、Designation: F 2634 07Standard Test Method forLaboratory Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Butt Fusion Jointsusing Tensile-Impact Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a tensile impact test method that developsenough tensile impact energy at specific rates
3、 of strain torupture standard tensile impact specimens of butt fused plasticpipe. It is used to determine the quality of PE butt fusion jointsmade in the field or in qualification testing. It can also be usedto determine the optimum butt fusion joining parameters of PEmaterials.1.2 This test method
4、is applicable for testing pipe specimenswith a diameter 2.37 in. (60.3mm) and larger with a wallthickness from 0.25 in. (6.3 mm) and larger.NOTE 1This test method is similar to ISO 13953.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are math
5、ematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This test method may be used alone or together withother test methods, to evaluate the quality of the butt fusedjoints. When this test, conducted at laboratory temperatures per9.2, is combined w
6、ith the elevated temperature, sustainedpressure test in Specification D 3035, both the short term andlong term strength of the PE butt fusion joint will be verified.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th
7、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 8
8、83 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 2513 Specification for Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe,Tubing, and FittingsD 3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter2.2 ISO Standard3ISO 13953 Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings - Determi-nation of the t
9、ensile strength and failure mode of testpieces from a butt-fused joint3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to this Standard.3.1.1 brittle rupture A brittle rupture in a butt fusion jointspecimen consists of a clean or nearly clean part between thejoining surfaces resulting in a smooth sur
10、face on both sides.(See Fig. 1.)3.1.2 ductile rupture A ductile rupture in a butt fusionjoint specimen consists of either an elongation rupture of themachined pipe outside the joint area (see Fig. 2) or adjacent tothe butt fusion joint interface but resulting in considerablematerial tearing between
11、the pipe end surfaces (see Fig. 3).3.1.3 maximum forcethe maximum force obtained duringthe test.3.1.4 rupture energythe energy required to rupture thecoupon.3.1.5 yield point The point on the force/time curve wheresignificant plastic deformation begins to occur. For the pur-poses of this standard, t
12、his is defined as occurring at zero slopepoint on the force/time curve.3.1.6 yield energy The energy imparted to the coupon bythe yield point.3.1.7 average velocityThe average velocity is the aver-age crosshead speed for the duration (until coupon rupture) ofthe tensile test (inches/ sec.)3.1.8 inst
13、antaneous velocityThe crosshead velocity atany discrete point during the test. This may be plotted to showthe consistency of the velocity profile through the duration ofthe test.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibilit
14、y of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards D
15、ocument Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.Available from1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
16、8-2959, United States.3.1.9 yield stressThe stress value corresponding to theyield point.3.1.9.1 DiscussionAdditional definitions of terms apply-ing to tensile test methods appear in Terminology D 8834. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to impart tensile impactenergy to a butt fus
17、ed plastic pipe specimen, record the energyto fail the specimen and plot the load over time curve of thetensile test. Energy recorded at yield and rupture and therupture mode (brittle or ductile) are used as criteria in theevaluation of the butt fusion joint. The evaluation of theforce/time curve no
18、t only makes it possible to comparedifferent butt fusion parameters but also to evaluate the rupturemode of the specimen to determine joint integrity. Eachcoupons test results will usually be compared to test results forcoupons machined from the base pipe material, un-fused.4.1.1 These data are also
19、 useful for qualitative characteriza-tion and for research and development. For many materials,there may be a specification that requires the use of this testmethod, but with some procedural modifications that takeprecedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it isadvisable to refer to t
20、hat material specification before using thistest method.4.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen preparationand with speed and environment of testing. Consequently,where precise comparative results are desired, these factorsmust be carefully controlled.4.2.1 It is realized that a material canno
21、t be tested withoutalso testing the method of preparation of that material. Hence,when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, thegreatest care must be exercised to ensure that all specimens areprepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to includethe effects of specimen preparat
22、ion. While care must be takento secure the maximum degree of uniformity in details ofpreparation, treatment, and handling, the exact dimensions ofthe test specimens are entered into the DataAcquisition System(DAS) before initiating the test.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine, A testing machine of the c
23、ontrolledrate-of-crosshead-movement type and comprising essentiallythe following:5.1.1 Fixed Member, a fixed or essentially stationary mem-ber with tooling to pin a standard pipe specimen configuration.5.1.2 Movable Member, a movable member with tooling topin a standard pipe specimen configuration.5
24、.1.3 Tooling for specimens, Fixed clevis members attachedto the testing machine for pinning the test specimen betweenthe fixed member and the movable member of the testingmachine. When the test specimen is inserted and pinned intothe tooling, the long axis of the test specimen will coincidewith the
25、direction of pull through the centerline of theassembly.5.1.4 Drive Mechanism, a drive mechanism for imparting tothe movable member a uniform, controlled velocity withFIG. 1 Brittle RuptureFIG. 2 Ductile Rupture Outside Fusion InterfaceFIG. 3 Ductile Rupture Adjacent to Fusion InterfaceF2634072respe
26、ct to the stationary member, with this velocity to beregulated as specified in Section 6.3.5.1.5 Recording Mechanism (not shown), The testing ma-chine shall have sensors and data entry instrumentation torecord the date, specimen number, pipe size, pipe material,force curve, energy curve, velocity cu
27、rve to compare the buttfused specimen to a control specimen of the pipe material oranother butt fusion specimen. The minimum sampling rate ofthe DAS shall be 1 KHz.5.1.6 Load Indicator, A suitable load-indicating instrumentcapable of showing the total tensile load carried by the testspecimen when he
28、ld by the tooling. This mechanism shallindicate the load with an accuracy of 61 % of the indicatedvalue, or better.5.1.7 Impact Mechanism, The impact load is imparted byallowing 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) minimum free movement of thedrive mechanism before applying the load to the specimen.5.1.8 Position Indi
29、cator (not shown), A suitable positionindicating instrument capable of indicating position. Thismechanism shall indicate the position of the movable memberwith an accuracy of 61 % of the indicated value, or better.5.2 Measuring Instrument, Apparatus for measuring thewidth and thickness of the test s
30、pecimen shall maintain anaccuracy within .001 in. of gage.6. Test Specimens6.1 Butt Fusion and Pipe SpecimenThe test specimenshall conform to the dimensions shown in Fig. 4 depending onthe wall thickness of the specimen. Test specimens of buttfused pipe shall have the bead remain on the outside and
31、inside.6.1.1 PreparationTest specimens shall be prepared bymachining operations on butt fused sections of pipe and on thepipe itself. The machining operations shall result in a smoothsurface on both sides of the reduced area with no notches orgouges.6.2 FinishingAll surfaces of the specimen shall be
32、 free ofvisible flaws, scratches, or imperfections. Marks left by coarsemachining operations shall be carefully removed with a finefile or abrasive, and the filed surfaces shall then be smoothedwith abrasive paper (600 grit or finer). The finishing sandingstrokes shall be made in a direction paralle
33、l to the longitudinalaxis of the test specimen. In machining a specimen, undercutsthat would exceed the dimensional tolerances shall be scrupu-lously avoided.6.3 MarkingWhen marking the specimens, use a perma-nent marker of a color that will be easily read or engrave thespecimen number in the area o
34、utside the hole. Do not engravein the gage portion of the coupon.7. Number of Test Specimens7.1 Test at least four specimens from butt fused or plain pipesections 90 apart for pipe sizes 4 in. and larger. Test twospecimens from butt fused or plain pipe sections 180 apart(top center and bottom center
35、) for pipe sizes 2 in. to 4 in. It isadvisable to take as many samples from a fused pipe section asis practicable.8. Speed of Testing8.1 Speed of the tensile impact testing shall be relative tothe modulus of elasticity and wall thickness of the plastic pipematerials.8.2 Choose the speed of testing f
36、rom Table 1. Determinethis chosen speed of testing by the specification for the materialbeing tested, or by agreement between those concerned.All machined surfaces 125 RMS or betterTolerances: Fraction or whole number - 6 .032”, 0.xx dimensions 6 .010,0.xxx dimensions 6 .005Dimensions are in inchesF
37、IG. 4 Test Specimen (Not to Scale)F26340739. Conditioning9.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 73.4 63.6F (23 6 2C) for not less than 1 h prior to test.9.2 Test ConditionsConduct the tests at 73.4 6 3.6F (236 2C) unless otherwise specified by contract or the relevantASTM material specifica
38、tion.10. Calculations10.1 Definitions:Pn= Indicated position of movable member at any giventimenP0= Indicated initial position of movable memberPn-1= Indicated position of movable member at time n-1(previous indicated value)Fn= Indicated Force at any given timenDn= Displacement from initial position
39、 P0Vn= Instantaneous velocity at any given time nVavg= Average test velocityEn= Cumulative Energy applied to the test specimenfrom beginning of test to any given time nEy= Cumulative Energy at yield pointEr= Cumulative Energy at rupture pointsn= Tensile stress at any given time nt = Test specimen mi
40、nimum gage section thicknessw = Test specimen minimum wall thicknessA = Test specimen cross sectional areay = Time at yield pointr = Time at ruptureSR = Sampling rate on data acquisition system10.2 Calculate Displacement (Dn) as follows:Dn5 Pn2 P0! (1)10.3 Calculate instantaneous velocity (Vn) as fo
41、llows:Vn5Dn Dn21!SR!21(2)10.4 Calculate average velocity (Vn) as follows:Vavg51r(i51rVn(3)10.5 Calculate test specimen engineering area (A) as fol-lows:A 5 t * w (4)10.6 Calculate tensile stress (sn) as follows:sn5FnA(5)10.7 Calculate cumulative energy (En) (at any point) asfollows:En(i51nFi* Di Di2
42、1! (6)11. Procedure11.1 Set up the machine and set the speed of testing to theproper rate as required in Section 8.11.2 Measure the width and wall thickness of each specimenin the gage section to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). Eachdimension shall be measured in a minimum of three places inthe gag
43、e section and the smallest measured value shall berecorded in the DAS.11.3 Pin each specimen in the clevis tooling of the testingmachine. This will align the long axis of the specimen and thetooling with the direction of pull of the machine. See Fig. 5.11.4 Enter all appropriate data.11.5 Perform th
44、e test. For each specimen, the data acquisi-tion system shall record the force curve over time and theposition curve over time at the minimum sampling rate givenin 5.1.5.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Complete identification of the test specimens includ-ing the pipe size and
45、DR, material tested including manufac-turers code numbers, and related applicable standards, date,who performed the test, testing company and any other datathat would help evaluate the joints.12.1.2 Individual test record for each specimen tested withrecorded force/time graph, maximum force attained
46、 in the test,rupture energy, yield energy, yield stress, average high speedtensile impact test speed and documented type of rupture(brittle or ductile) (see Fig. 1,Fig. 2, and Fig. 3).12.1.3 Project Report that compiles the data recorded on allspecimens tested and shown in spreadsheet format for eva
47、lu-ation. See Figures Figs. X1.1-X1.4 in Appendix X1 for helpinterpreting the results of the test.12.1.4 Project Matrix of test specimen numbers and fusionparameters used in joining,TABLE 1 Test SpeedTolerance= + .5 in./s (+ 12.7 mm/s to 25.4mm/s)Tensile ImpactPipe Material Standard Wall Thickness T
48、esting SpeedPolyethylene Pipe D 2513 or D 3035 1.25 in.(32mm)4 in./s (102 mm/s)F263407412.1.5 The Project Matrix must include base material speci-mens for the purpose of comparison.12.1.6 A reference to this ASTM standard.FIG. 5 Pin the Specimen in the Testing MachineFIG. 6 Testing ApparatusF2634075
49、13. Precision and Bias13.1 Work is in progress to develop precision and bias data.This work is in the form of round robin laboratory testing.14. Keywords14.1 butt fusion; butt fusion joint test; tensile-impact; rup-ture energy; yield energyAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. Evaluating Test ResultsThe test on the left is a good quality joint. The specimen shows a ductile rupture. The test on the right is a poor quality joint. The specimen shows insufficient ductilityand is considered a brittle rupture.FIG. X1.1 Force/Time Graph of High Speed Te
