1、Designation: F2648/F2648M 10An American National StandardStandard Specification for2 to 60 inch 50 to 1500 mm Annular Corrugated ProfileWall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Land DrainageApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2648/F2648M; the number immediately foll
2、owing the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specificati
3、on covers requirements and test methodsfor annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe andfittings with an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are2 to 60 in. 50 to 1500 mm.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended toprovide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings s
4、uitablefor underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems,which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.NOTE 1Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specifica-tion are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449based on diameter limitations within the
5、respective standards.NOTE 2Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally tonon-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainageand agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under thisspecification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal
6、stormsewer applications.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with aninterior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig.1).1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materialsfor pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in eithe
7、r inch-pound units orSI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-ing values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This stand
8、ard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AS
9、TM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo-plastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-
10、Flow Applica-tionsD2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Pla
11、stics Pipe andFittings MaterialsD4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon BlackContent in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD5630 Test Method for Ash Content in PlasticsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recycled Polymeric Materials and ProductsD739
12、9 Test Method for Determination of the Amount ofPolypropylene (PP) in Polypropylene/LDPE Mixtures Us-ing Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR)F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF449 Practice for Subsurface Installation of CorrugatedPolyethylene Pipe forAgricultural Drainage or Water Tabl
13、eControl1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.65 on LandDrainage.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20
14、07 as F2648/F2648M-07.DOI: 10.1520/F2648_F2648M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright
15、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F2136 Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress(NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resistanceof HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe2.2 American Association of Highway and Transport
16、ationOffcials3(AASHTO) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications2.3 Federal Standards:4Fed. Stds. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)2.4 Military Standard:5MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Definitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412 and abb
17、reviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.The abbreviation forpolyethylene is PE.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 buckling, vAny reverse curvature or deformation inthe pipe wall or profile element that reduces the load-carryingcapacity o
18、f the pipe. For testing evaluations in this standard,buckling is defined as the point where the pipe no longersustains increasing or constant load with increasing deflection.3.2.2 inside diameter, nThe manufacturers stated pipeinside diameter (Table 1).3.2.3 mold line, nA line formed on the product
19、as a resultof the mold blocks parting during manufacturing, also referredto as a parting line.3.2.4 profile wall, nA pipe wall construction that presentsan interior liner in the waterway but includes ribs, corrugations,or other shapes, which can be either solid or hollow, that helpsbrace the pipe ag
20、ainst diametrical deformation.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shouldinclude the following information to adequately describe thedesired product:4.1.1 This ASTM designation,4.1.2 Perforations:4.1.2.1 With perforations,4.1.2.2 Without perforations,4.1.3 Diamete
21、rs,3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.4F17Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Docu-ments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE,
22、 Washington, DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.FIG. 1 Annular Corrugated Profile Wall Polyethylene Pipe with Interior LinerTABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness a
23、nd Pipe DimensionsPipe Inside DiameterAMinimum Pipe Stiffness at 5% Deflection Minimum Inner Liner Thicknessinch mm lb/in/in kPa Inch mm2 50 50 345 0.020 0.53 75 50 345 0.020 0.54 100 50 345 0.020 0.56 150 50 345 0.020 0.58 200 50 345 0.024 0.610 250 50 345 0.024 0.612 300 50 345 0.035 0.915 375 42
24、290 0.040 1.018 450 40 275 0.051 1.321 525 38 260 0.060 1.524 600 34 235 0.060 1.527 675 30 205 0.060 1.530 750 28 195 0.060 1.536 900 22 150 0.067 1.742 1050 20 140 0.071 1.848 1200 18 125 0.071 1.854 1350 16 110 0.079 2.060 1500 14 97 0.079 2.0AInside Diameters for metric (SI) sizes are in direct
25、Imperial equivalent dimensionsF2648/F2648M 1024.1.4 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.5 Pipe length,4.1.6 Fitting type(s):4.1.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline andbranch diameters, and4.1.6.2 Number of fittings per diameter,4.1.7 Material designation,4.1.7.1 Virgin res
26、in, and4.1.7.2 Recycled resin.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Virgin Resin Products:5.1.1 Pipe and FittingsThe pipe and fittings shall be madeof PE virgin plastic compound meeting the requirements of thefollowing cell classifications as defined and described inSpecification D3350:5.1.1.1 Pipe Diamet
27、er 2 through 10-inch: Cell Class424420C or 424420E (ESCR Test Condition B),5.1.1.2 Pipe Diameter 12 through 60-inch: Cell Class435420C or 435420E (ESCR Test Condition B).5.1.1.3 Environmental crack resistance shall be determinedin accordance with 7.8. When carbon black is used, the carbonblack conte
28、nt shall be equal to or greater than 2.0% but notexceed 4.0 % when tested in accordance with Test MethodD4218. In all cases, the density of the PE plastic withoutpigment shall not be less than 0.945gm/cc nor greater than0.955 gm/cc. Compounds that have a higher cell classificationin one or more prop
29、erties shall be permitted provided all otherproduct requirements are met.5.1.2 Rotationally Molded Fittings and CouplingsCompounds used in the manufacture of rotationally moldedfittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE plasticcompound meeting the requirements of cell classification213320C or
30、 213320E (ESCR Test Condition B) as defined inSpecification D3350, except that the carbon black content shallbe equal to or greater than 2.0% but not exceed 4 % whentested in accordance withTest Method D4218. Compounds thathave a higher cell classification in one or more properties shallbe permitted
31、 provided all other product requirements are met.5.1.3 Injection and Blow Molded Fittings and CouplingsCompounds used in the manufacture of injection moldedfittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE plasticcompound meeting the requirements of cell classification414420C or 414420E (ESCR Test C
32、ondition B) as defined inSpecification D3350, except that the carbon black content shallbe equal to or greater than 2.0% but not exceed 4 % whentested in accordance withTest Method D4218. Compounds thathave a higher cell classification in one or more properties shallbe permitted provided all other p
33、roduct requirements are met.5.1.4 Rework MaterialClean rework material generatedfrom the manufacturers own pipe and fittings production shallbe permitted to be used by the same manufacturer provided thatthe material meets the same or higher Specification D3350 cellclassification as the material requ
34、ired for the intended part andpipe or fittings to be produced under this specification.5.2 Recycled Resin Products:5.2.1 Recycled Resin PipeThe pipe containing any post-consumer or industrial recycled materials shall be made of PEplastic compound as defined in Guide D7209 meeting therequirements of
35、the following cell classifications as defined anddescribed in Specification D3350:5.2.1.1 Pipe Diameter 2 through 10-inch: Cell Class424400C or 424400E,5.2.1.2 Pipe Diameter 12 through 60-inch: Cell Class435400C or 435400E.5.2.1.3 When carbon black is used, the carbon black contentshall be equal to
36、or greater than 2 % but not exceed 4 % whentested in accordance withTest Method D4218. Compounds thathave a higher cell classification in one or more properties shallbe permitted provided all other product requirements are met.For slow crack growth resistance, extruded pipe shall beevaluated using t
37、he notched constant ligament stress (NCLS)test according to the procedure described in 7.9. The averagefailure time of the five test specimens shall exceed 12 h with nosingle test specimens failure time less than 9 h. Maximumlevel of polypropylene present by volume shall not be greaterthan 5 percent
38、 when tested in accordance with the proceduresin 7.10. Maximum ash content shall not be more than 2% inaccordance with the procedures in 7.11.5.2.2 Recycled Resin FittingsFittings made from recycledresins are not permitted under this standard.6. General Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittin
39、gs shall be homoge-neous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practicalin color, opacity and density. The pipe walls shall be free ofcracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or otherdefects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect thewall integrity. There shall be no
40、delaminaiton or separation ofthe inner liner and the profile. The ends shall be cut squarelyand cleanly. Holes intentionally placed in perforated pipe shallbe permitted.6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, obstruction toflow in perforations, or in pipe are not permissible.6.2 Dimensions a
41、nd Tolerance:6.2.1 Inside DiameterThe average measured inside diam-eter for pipe and fittings shall not vary more than (+/) 1.0%from the inside diameter when measured in accordance with7.4.1.NOTE 3The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of productsmanufactured to this specification are not s
42、pecified; therefore, compatibil-ity between pipe and fittings from different manufacturers or the samemanufacturer shall be verified.6.2.2 LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in any lengthagreeable to both the owner and manufacturer. Length shall notbe less than 99% of stated quantity when measured ina
43、ccordance with 7.4.2.6.2.3 Minimum Inner Liner ThicknessThe minimum innerliner thickness of the pipe shall meet the requirements given inTable 1 when measured in accordance with 7.4.3.6.2.4 PerforationsPerforations shall be cleanly cut,placed in the valley of the corrugation rib, and uniformlyspaced
44、 along the length and circumference of the pipe. Dimen-sions of the perforations and the minimum perforation inletarea shall be as listed in Table 2. Other perforation dimensionsand configurations shall be permitted where required to meetthe needs of the specifier. All measurements shall be made inF
45、2648/F2648M 103accordance with 7.4.4. Pipe connected by bell and spigot jointsshall not be perforated in the area of the bells and spigots.6.3 Pipe StiffnessMinimum pipe stiffness at 5% deflectionshall meet the requirements given in Table 2 when tested inaccordance with 7.5.NOTE 4The 5 % deflection
46、criterion, which was selected for testingconvenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. Theengineer is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.6.4 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence of split-ting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation be
47、-tween the exterior corrugation and inner liner, or combinationsthereof, when tested in accordance with 7.6.6.5 Pipe Impact StrengthThere shall be no evidence ofsplitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation ofthe outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when testedin accordanc
48、e with 7.7.6.6 Fittings and Joining Systems:6.6.1 Only fittings supplied or recommended by the pipemanufacturer shall be used. Fittings shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturers recommendations.6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design thatpreserves alignment during construction
49、and prevents separa-tion at the joints. Bell and spigot, external snap or split couplersare examples of typical designs.NOTE 5The ability of a joint to resist soil infiltration (soil tightness)shall be considered. Soil tightness is a function of opening size, channellength, and backfill particle size. A backfill material containing a highpercentage of Class III and Class IVA material as defined in PracticeD2321 requires consulting wit
