1、Designation: F2648/F2648M 11 F2648/F2648M 13 An American National StandardStandard Specification for2 to 60 inch 50 to 1500 mm Annular Corrugated ProfileWall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Land DrainageApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2648/F2648M; the number
2、 immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.
3、1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittingswith an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are 2 to 60 in. 50 to 1500 mm.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow
4、) pipe and fittings suitable forunderground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.NOTE 1Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 basedon diameter li
5、mitations within the respective standards.NOTE 2Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage andagricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanit
6、ary sewer or municipal storm sewerapplications.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1).1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.1.5 Units
7、The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with t
8、he standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Re
9、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Se
10、wers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsD2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (FallingWeight)D3350 Specificatio
11、n for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings MaterialsD4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD5630 Test Method for Ash Content in PlasticsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric M
12、aterials and ProductsD7399 Test Method for Determination of the Amount of Polypropylene (PP) in Polypropylene/LDPE Mixtures Using InfraredSpectrophotometer (FTIR)F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping
13、Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.65 on Land Drainage.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2013. Published August 2011January 2013. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asF2648/F2648M-10. DOI: 10.1520/F2648_F2648M-11.2 For referenced
14、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the u
15、ser of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard
16、as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F449 Practice for Subsurface Installation of Corrugated Po
17、lyethylene Pipe for Agricultural Drainage or Water Table ControlF2136 Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress (NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resistance of HDPEResins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe2.2 American Association of Highway and Transportation Offcials3(AASHTO) AASHTO LRFD Brid
18、ge Design Specifications2.3 Federal Standards:4Fed. Stds. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)2.4 Military Standard:5MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage2.5 NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Program) Report:6NCHRP Report 631 Updated Test and Design Methods for Thermoplast
19、ic Drainage Pipe3. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600, unlessotherwise specified. The abbreviation for polyethylene is PE.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3 Available from American Associatio
20、n of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.4 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.
21、gpo.gov5 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.6 Transportation Research Board, The National Academies 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001. http:/www.TRB.orgFIG. 1 Annular Corrug
22、ated Profile Wall Polyethylene Pipe with Interior LinerTABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe DimensionsPipe Inside DiameterA Minimum Pipe Stiffness at 5% Deflection Minimum Inner Liner Thicknessinch mm lb/in/in kPa Inch mm2 50 50 345 0.020 0.53 75 50 345 0.020 0.54 100 50 345 0.020 0.56 150 50 345 0.020 0
23、.58 200 50 345 0.024 0.610 250 50 345 0.024 0.612 300 50 345 0.035 0.915 375 42 290 0.040 1.018 450 40 275 0.051 1.321 525 38 260 0.060 1.524 600 34 235 0.060 1.527 675 30 205 0.060 1.530 750 28 195 0.060 1.536 900 22 150 0.067 1.742 1050 20 140 0.071 1.848 1200 18 125 0.071 1.854 1350 16 110 0.079
24、2.060 1500 14 97 0.079 2.0AInside Diameters for metric (SI) sizes are in direct Imperial equivalent dimensionsF2648/F2648M 1323.2.1 buckling, vAny reverse curvature or deformation in the pipe wall or profile element that reduces the load-carryingcapacity of the pipe. For testing evaluations in this
25、standard, buckling is defined as the buckling deflection limit, the point wherethe pipe no longer sustains increasing or constant load with increasing deflection.3.2.2 inside diameter, nThe manufacturers stated pipe inside diameter (Table 1).3.2.3 mold line, nA line formed on the product as a result
26、 of the mold blocks parting during manufacturing, also referred toas a parting line.3.2.4 profile wall, nA pipe wall construction that presents an interior liner in the waterway but includes ribs, corrugations, orother shapes, which can be either solid or hollow, that helps brace the pipe against di
27、ametrical deformation.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for product made to this specification should include the following information to adequately describe the desiredproduct:4.1.1 This ASTM designation,4.1.2 Perforations:4.1.2.1 With perforations,4.1.2.2 Without perforations,4.1.3 Diameters,4.1.
28、4 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.5 Pipe length,4.1.6 Fitting type(s):4.1.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline and branch diameters, and4.1.6.2 Number of fittings per diameter,4.1.7 Material designation,4.1.7.1 Virgin resin, and4.1.7.2 Recycled resin.5. Materials and Ma
29、nufacture5.1 Virgin Resin Products:5.1.1 Pipe and FittingsThe pipe and fittings shall be made of PE virgin plastic compound meeting the requirements of thefollowing cell classifications as defined and described in Specification D3350:5.1.1.1 Pipe Diameter 2 through 10-inch: Cell Class 424420C or 424
30、420E (ESCR Test Condition B),5.1.1.2 Pipe Diameter 12 through 60-inch: Cell Class 435420C or 435420E (ESCR Test Condition B).5.1.1.3 Environmental crack resistance shall be determined in accordance with 7.8. When carbon black is used, the carbon blackcontent shall be equal to or greater than 2.0% bu
31、t not exceed 4.0 % when tested in accordance with Test Method D4218. In allcases, the density of the PE plastic without pigment shall not be less than 0.945gm/cc nor greater than 0.955 gm/cc. Compoundsthat have a higher cell classification in one or more properties shall be permitted provided all ot
32、her product requirements are met.5.1.2 Rotationally Molded Fittings and CouplingsCompounds used in the manufacture of rotationally molded fittings andcouplings shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound meeting the requirements of cell classification 213320C or 213320E (ESCRTest Condition B) as def
33、ined in Specification D3350, except that the carbon black content shall be equal to or greater than 2.0%but not exceed 4 % when tested in accordance with Test Method D4218. Compounds that have a higher cell classification in oneor more properties shall be permitted provided all other product require
34、ments are met.5.1.3 Injection and Blow Molded Fittings and CouplingsCompounds used in the manufacture of injection molded fittings andcouplings shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound meeting the requirements of cell classification 414420C or 414420E (ESCRTest Condition B) as defined in Specific
35、ation D3350, except that the carbon black content shall be equal to or greater than 2.0%but not exceed 4 % when tested in accordance with Test Method D4218. Compounds that have a higher cell classification in oneor more properties shall be permitted provided all other product requirements are met.5.
36、1.4 Rework MaterialClean rework material generated from the manufacturers own pipe and fittings production shall bepermitted to be used by the same manufacturer provided that the material meets the same or higher Specification D3350 cellclassification as the material required for the intended part a
37、nd pipe or fittings to be produced under this specification.5.2 Recycled Resin Products:5.2.1 Recycled Resin PipeThe pipe containing any post-consumer or industrial recycled materials shall be made of PE plasticcompound as defined in Guide D7209 meeting the requirements of the following cell classif
38、ications as defined and described inSpecification D3350:5.2.1.1 Pipe Diameter 2 through 10-inch: Cell Class 424400C or 424400E,5.2.1.2 Pipe Diameter 12 through 60-inch: Cell Class 435400C or 435400E.5.2.1.3 When carbon black is used, the carbon black content shall be equal to or greater than 2 % but
39、 not exceed 4 % whentested in accordance with Test Method D4218. Compounds that have a higher cell classification in one or more properties shallF2648/F2648M 133be permitted provided all other product requirements are met. For slow crack growth resistance, extruded pipe shall be evaluatedusing the n
40、otched constant ligament stress (NCLS) test according to the procedure described in 7.9. The average failure time ofthe five test specimens shall exceed 12 h with no single test specimens failure time less than 9 h. Maximum level of polypropylenepresent by volume shall not be greater than 5 percent
41、when tested in accordance with the procedures in 7.10. Maximum ash contentshall not be more than 2% in accordance with the procedures in 7.11.5.2.2 Recycled Resin FittingsFittings made from recycled resins are not permitted under this standard.6. General Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fitti
42、ngs shall be homogeneous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practical in color,opacity and density. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other defects that are visibleto the naked eye and that may affect the wall integrity. There shall be n
43、o delaminaiton or separation of the inner liner and theprofile. The ends shall be cut squarely and cleanly. Holes intentionally placed in perforated pipe shall be permitted.6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, obstruction to flow in perforations, or in pipe are not permissible.6.2 Dimensi
44、ons and Tolerance:6.2.1 Inside DiameterThe average measured inside diameter for pipe and fittings shall not vary more than (+/) 1.0% fromthe inside diameter when measured in accordance with 7.4.1.NOTE 3The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of products manufactured to this specification are
45、 not specified; therefore, compatibilitybetween pipe and fittings from different manufacturers or the same manufacturer shall be verified.6.2.2 LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in any length agreeable to both the owner and manufacturer. Length shall not be lessthan 99% of stated quantity when measur
46、ed in accordance with 7.4.2.6.2.3 Minimum Inner Liner ThicknessThe minimum inner liner thickness of the pipe shall meet the requirements given inTable 1 when measured in accordance with 7.4.3.6.2.4 PerforationsPerforations shall be cleanly cut, placed in the valley of the corrugation rib, and unifor
47、mly spaced alongthe length and circumference of the pipe. Dimensions of the perforations and the minimum perforation inlet area shall be as listedin Table 2. Other perforation dimensions and configurations shall be permitted where required to meet the needs of the specifier.All measurements shall be
48、 made in accordance with 7.4.4. Pipe connected by bell and spigot joints shall not be perforated in thearea of the bells and spigots.6.3 Pipe StiffnessMinimum pipe stiffness at 5% deflection shall meet the requirements given in Table 2 when tested inaccordance with 7.5.NOTE 4The 5 % deflection crite
49、rion, which was selected for testing convenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. The engineeris responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.6.4 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation between theexterior corrugation and inner liner, or combinations thereof, when tested in accordance with 7.6.6.5 Pipe Impact StrengthThere shall
