1、Designation: F2687 13 An American National StandardStandard Practice forLife Cycle Cost Analysis of Commercial Food ServiceEquipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard practice for life cycle cost analysis ofcommercial food service equipment is design
3、ed for producersand end-users to utilize when forecasting and (or) evaluatingthe life cycle costs of equipment by accounting for tangibledifferences in operating and maintenance costs of commercialfood service equipment. Results of the analysis detailed in thisstandard practice are intended for budg
4、etary purposes.1.1.1 The results may also be used to compare projected lifecycle cost of different models from a single manufacturer, ormodels manufactured by multiple suppliers, or to establishwhen it is cost effective to replace a specific equipment versusincurring continued maintenance expenses.1
5、.2 Major categories included in this analysis include totalpurchase price, service and repair costs, preventative mainte-nance costs, utility operating costs and disposal costs. Theresults may be quantified as a yearly running total and a netpresent value.1.3 Inputs for this life-cycle analysis will
6、 need to come froma variety of sources, including manufacturers, service agents,utility companies, and end users. Not all input variables needbe considered for effective analysis. To avoid skewing theresults, sections where reliable estimates are not availableshould be left out of the analysis.1.4 T
7、he values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1275 Test Method for Performance of GriddlesF1
8、361 Test Method for Performance of Open Deep FatFryersF1484 Test Methods for Performance of Steam CookersF1496 Test Method for Performance of Convection OvensF1521 Test Methods for Performance of Range TopsF1605 Test Method for Performance of Double-SidedGriddlesF1695 Test Method for Performance of
9、Underfired BroilersF1696 Test Method for Energy Performance of Single-Rack,Door-Type Commercial Dishwashing MachinesF1704 Test Method for Capture and Containment Perfor-mance of Commercial Kitchen Exhaust Ventilation Sys-temsF1784 Test Method for Performance of a Pasta CookerF1785 Test Method for Pe
10、rformance of Steam KettlesF1786 Test Method for Performance of Braising PansF1787 Test Method for Performance of Rotisserie OvensF1817 Test Method for Performance of Conveyor OvensF1920 Test Method for Performance of Rack Conveyor,Commercial Dishwashing MachinesF1964 Test Method for Performance of P
11、ressure FryersF1965 Test Method for Performance of Deck OvensF1991 Test Method for Performance of Chinese (Wok)RangesF2022 Test Method for Performance of Booster HeatersF2093 Test Method for Performance of Rack OvensF2140 Test Method for Performance of Hot Food HoldingCabinetsF2141 Test Method for P
12、erformance of Self-Serve Hot DeliCasesF2142 Test Method for Performance of Drawer WarmersF2143 Test Method for Performance of Refrigerated Buffetand Preparation TablesF2144 Test Method for Performance of Large Open VatFryersF2237 Test Method for Performance of Upright OverfiredBroilersF2238 Test Met
13、hod for Performance of Rapid Cook OvensF2239 Test Method for Performance of Conveyor BroilersF2324 Test Method for Prerinse Spray ValvesF2379 Test Method for Energy Performance of PoweredOpen Warewashing SinksF2380 Test Method for Performance of Conveyor Toasters1This practice is under the jurisdict
14、ion of ASTM Committee F26 on FoodService Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.05 on LifeCycle Cost and Sustainability.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2687 07. DOI:10.1520/F2
15、687-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
16、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F2472 Test Method for Performance of Staff-Serve Hot DeliCasesF2473 Test Method for Performance of Water-Bath Rether-malizersF2474 Test Method for Heat Gain to Space Performance ofCommercial Kitchen Ventilation/Appliance SystemsF2519 Test M
17、ethod for Grease Particle Capture Efficiency ofCommercial Kitchen Filters and ExtractorsF2644 Test Method for Performance of Commercial PatioHeatersF2795 Test Method for Performance of Self-Contained SoftServe and Shake MachinesF2861 Test Method for Enhanced Performance of Combina-tion Oven in Vario
18、us ModesF2975 Test Method for Measuring the Field Performance ofCommercial Kitchen Ventilation SystemsF2990 Test Method for Commercial Coffee Brewers2.2 ASHRAE Standard:ASHRAE Standard 72-2005 Method of Testing CommercialRefrigerators and Freezers32.3 ARI Standard:ARI Standard 810-2006 Performance R
19、ating of AutomaticCommercial Ice Machines43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 additional operating costsassumes miscellaneousoperating expenses required for operation, including consum-able supplies, for example, air or water filters.3.1.2 additional setup costs/qu
20、oted installation other in-stallation costs such as material, travel charges etc.3.1.3 additional teardown costsother special costs thatmay be incurred and can be allocated to equipment teardownsuch as special license, dismantling of components containinghazardous materials etc.3.1.4 annual electric
21、ity consumption (kWh)average an-nual electric power usage rate for the appliance during itslifespan for this analysis in kWh.3.1.5 annual gas consumption (therms)average annualgas usage rate for the appliance during its lifespan for thisanalysis in therms.3.1.6 annual preventative maintenance costs
22、assumes ex-penses to perform preventative maintenance and repair asoutlined by the products original manufacturer; assumes parts,labor, travel, supplies and additional costs incurred during afiscal year.3.1.7 annual service and repair costsassumes expenses toperform non-scheduled service and repair
23、on the productduring a fiscal year; includes parts, labor, travel, supplies andadditional costs.3.1.8 annual water consumption (ccf)average annual wa-ter usage rate for the appliance during its lifespan for thisanalysis in thousands of cubic feet.3.1.9 annualized maintenance costtotal annual cost of
24、 aservice maintenance contract that includes material (parts),labor, travel and other related costs for the period of ownershipafter the warranty has expired.3.1.10 anticipated equipment lifespan (yr)expected lifes-pan of the appliance for the purpose of this analysis or theexpected years after whic
25、h the appliance will be replaced. Thismay be projected based on input from the manufacturer, dealer,users experience or expected operating environment.3.1.11 discount ratediscount rate is defined as the rateused to convert future costs or benefits to their present value.Discounting determines the va
26、lue, in todays dollars, of abenefit that will be realized at a future date. This rate variesaccording to interest and inflation rates.3.1.12 disposal costsassumes expenses related todecommission, dismantle, dispose and/or recycle the product atthe end of its life cycle.3.1.13 electricity rate (USD/k
27、Wh)electric power rate inUSD per kWh. Either the local or regional rate where theappliance is located or national average rate may be used.3.1.14 estimated install time (h)estimated time to installthe appliance in hours.3.1.15 estimated teardown time (h)labor hours requiredfor teardown.3.1.16 extend
28、ed warranty costcost of extended warrantyif not included in purchase price. Typically this includes theadditional cost of warranty for equalization of warranty periodfrom different manufacturers.3.1.17 freight chargescost of shipping the appliance fromsupplier FOB location to desired destination.3.1
29、.18 gas rate (USD/therm)gas (natural or propane) ratein USD per therm. Either the local or regional rate where theappliance is located or national average rate may be used.3.1.19 hazardous material costsspecial fees or surchargesthat may be levied for removal and/or disposal of hazardousmaterials in
30、 the appliance or its components.3.1.20 hourly labor costhourly labor rate of servicing theappliance during the first year of ownership period after thewarranty has expired. Either the local rate where the applianceis located or national average rate may be used.3.1.21 hourly labor costthe average a
31、nnual cost of non-unit producing labor in USD/hour to clean and maintain theappliance on a regular basis (excluding preventative mainte-nance).3.1.22 install labor ratehourly labor rate for installationlabor.3.1.23 in-store training/demo costscost of materials, laboror travel for initial training of
32、 store personnel and/or demon-stration of the new appliance by dealer. This does not includerecurring training expense for periodic training or new em-ployee training.3Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, At
33、lanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.4Available from Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI), 4100 NorthFairfax Drive, Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22203.F2687 1323.1.24 labor inflation rateestimated annual inflation rateof hourly labor rate during ownership period but after thewarranty has e
34、xpired.3.1.25 labor ratehourly labor rate of servicing technicianfor teardown of the appliance at the end of appliance lifespan.Either the local rate where the appliance is located or nationalaverage rate may be used.3.1.26 net present valuethe net present value representsthe total amount of funds r
35、equired to purchase, operate andmaintain the equipment of its expected lifespan using thecurrent value of those funds, based on the discount rate.3.1.27 operating labor costnon-unit producing labor costsincludes annual labor to clean and maintain the appliance on aregular basis (excluding preventati
36、ve maintenance). Unit pro-ducing labor costs includes incremental gains due to reducedlabor required for production. This is useful for comparingsimilar but different processes.3.1.28 other costsother annual costs of servicing theappliance during ownership period but after the warranty hasexpired, t
37、hat can be quantified such as supplies, disruption etc.3.1.29 parts inflation rateestimated annual inflation rateof replacement parts during ownership period but after thewarranty has expired.3.1.30 purchase pricenet price that will be paid to thedealer or manufacturer for this appliance.3.1.31 reba
38、tes/incentivesvalue of total rebates fromutilities, manufacturer, government or any other source, that isnot included in purchase price.3.1.32 replacement part costcost of parts that will bepurchased for service during the first year of ownership periodafter the warranty has expired.3.1.33 setup/ins
39、tallation costsassumes expenses to shipthe product, install, set-up and conduct initial training.3.1.34 sewer rate (USD/ccf)sewage water disposal rate inUSD per thousand cubic feet (USD/ccf). Either the local ratewhere the appliance is located or national average rate may beused.3.1.35 start-up cost
40、any other cost of material, labor orfees that will be paid to start operating this appliance.3.1.36 supplies costaverage annual cost of supplies nec-essary for operating the appliance efficiently and as recom-mended by the manufacturer. Examples of such suppliesinclude water filter, oil filter, de-l
41、iming solution, replaceablelining etc. but excluding preventive maintenance items.3.1.37 supplies inflation rateestimated annual inflationrate of supplies during ownership period.3.1.38 tax ratetotal state and local sales tax rate as apercentage.3.1.39 total accessories pricecost of accessories requ
42、iredto operate the appliance efficiently. When comparing multiplemodels, add (or deduct) cost of accessories or options that areneeded for equal effectiveness between two models or suppli-ers.3.1.40 total annual electricity costannual cost of electric-ity for using the appliance in USD.3.1.41 total
43、annual gas costannual cost of gas fuel forusing the appliance in USD.3.1.42 total annual labor costaverage annual labor costsfor operation of the appliance during its lifespan in USD.3.1.43 total annual utility costaverage annual utility costsfor operating the appliance during its lifespan in USD.3.
44、1.44 total annual water/sewer costannual cost of waterand sewer for using the appliance in USD.3.1.45 total initial costtotal cost of appliance that will beused in calculating life cycle cost.3.1.46 total installation/commissioning cost cost of instal-lation and commissioning that will be used in ca
45、lculating lifecycle cost. Does not include equipment training costs.3.1.47 total labor hoursaverage annual labor hours ex-pended by non-unit producing personnel during the lifespan ofthis appliance.3.1.48 total teardown/decommissioning costtotal cost ofuninstalling the utility hook-ups from the appl
46、iance and re-moval of any special mounting adaptations.3.1.49 utility cost summaryassumes utility expenses tooperate the product during a fiscal year, including electric, gas,water and sewer connection costs.3.1.50 utility inflation rateestimated annual inflation rateof utilities during ownership pe
47、riod. An average rate for gas,electric and water/sewer may be used for the purpose of thisanalysis.3.1.51 warranty periodwarranty period of the appliancefor the purpose of this analyses in years, rounded to 1stdecimal.3.1.52 water rate (USD/ccf)water utility supply rate inUSD per thousand cubic feet
48、 (USD/ccf). Either the local orregional rate where the appliance is located or national averagerate may be used.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Detailed information is gathered on the capital outlay,estimated maintenance and operating costs and, if applicable,the disposal costs for a chosen piece of comme
49、rcial foodservice equipment. This information may be collected from avariety of sources, including but not limited to, manufacturers,service agents, utility companies, and end users.4.2 The compiled information on a chosen piece of com-mercial food service equipment is prorated for each operatingyear, using a discount rate and the net present value of theequipment is determined. The accuracy of the resulting analy-sis is dependant on the quality of the collected information.4.3 The analysis is then completed for additional piec
