1、Designation: F2707 10Standard Safety Performance Specification forSafe Design and Installation of Field Fabricated Suction-Limiting Vent Systems for Suction Entrapment Prevention inSwimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Wading Pools1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2707; the number
2、immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1
3、This safety performance specification provides require-ments for safety in design and installation when using asuction-limiting vent system for suction entrapment preventionin swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, or wading pools.1.2 The purpose of the vent is to relieve the vacuum at thesuction outlet(s)
4、 caused by any blockage of the suctionoutlet(s). The vent is intended to prevent body entrapment atthe suction outlet(s) and may also mitigate limb entrapment. Itis not intended to prevent other injuries caused by the suctionoutlet(s) such as hair entrapment, mechanical entrapment, orevisceration.1.
5、3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associ
6、ated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standards:2ANSI Z535.2 Environmental and facility safety signsANSI Z53
7、5.4 Product safety signs and labelsASME/ANSI A112.19.8 Suction Fittings for Use in Swim-ming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 allowable drawdown, ndrawdown depth corre-sponding to the acceptable removal effort for a particularuncovered sump; it is physically
8、 built into the system.3.1.2 engineer, nregistered professional engineer.3.1.3 field-fabricated vent (FFV), nopen-to-atmospherevent installed between the pool suction outlet(s) and the suctionside of the pump in such a way as to relieve the vacuum causedby a blockage of the suction outlet(s).3.1.4 o
9、perating drawdown, nlowering of the water levelin the vent from the static condition caused by normaloperation.3.1.5 purge test, nplacing a blocking element over thesump to ensure that air enters the vent system.3.1.6 startup surge, ntransient lowering of the water levelin the vent during pump start
10、up.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIf excessive, the pump may lose prime.4. Significance and Use4.1 This performance specification outlines the require-ments needed to design and install a field-fabricated vent forsafety purposes. Vents only address suction outlet body andmay mitigate limb entrapment. Vents have
11、proven effectivewhen installed correctly. It is not intended to prevent otherinjuries caused by suction outlet(s) such as hair entrapment,mechanical entrapment, or evisceration.5. General Requirements5.1 Design and installation instructions for field-fabricatedvents (FFV) shall be certified only by
12、a registered professionalengineer. Multiple systems may be built to the same “ventdesign drawings and specifications” with the approval of theengineer.5.2 The design and installation of the vent is specific to eachpiping system and shall consider all relevant parametersincluding but not limited to:
13、elevations, flow rate, startup surge,minimum and maximum water operating levels, water depth atthe suction outlet(s), pipe fittings, spacing between fittings,atmospheric vent fitting, and suction outlet configurations.5.3 The vent shall be tested in place for proper function. SeeSection 7 for detail
14、s.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.51 onSafety Vacuum Release Systems for Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published March 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F2707-10.2Av
15、ailable fromAvailable from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Specific Requirements6.1 The engineer shall
16、specify minimum and maximum flowrates, pipe sizes, and minimum and maximum pipe length(s),including equivalent length of fittings, elevation of criticalfittings with respect to normal pool operating level, as well asthe make and model of the suction outlet approved cover inaccordance with ASME/ANSI
17、A112.19.8, including the headloss at the suction fitting and the make and model of theatmospheric vent termination fitting. Vent termination fittingsare rated by the size of the pipe they can successfully vent. Forlarger pipes, the number of fittings shall equal or exceed theflow area of the large p
18、ipe divided by the flow area of thefittings rated pipe size.6.2 The vent shall be designed to insure that with any or allsuction outlet(s) completely blocked, the sump or vent draw-down shall not exceed the values in Table 1 for the size of agiven suction outlet sump with the vent termination fittin
19、g inplace and with or without the cover in place.6.3 The vent system and atmospheric vent terminationfitting shall be designed so that neither can be disabled withoutthe use of tools.6.4 Under normal operation, the vent system shall notadversely affect pump suction, system flow, or other equipmentpe
20、rformance.6.5 No check valves or valves shall be installed between anysuction outlet and the atmospheric opening of the system.6.6 The vent shall be piped to a location specified by theregistered professional engineer. If the vent is located outsidethe deck area, the vent shall be clearly visible an
21、d above gradeas indicated by the engineer.6.7 If the pool is not equipped with an overflow, the ventopening shall be installed above the highest water levelpossible in the pool it is protecting.6.8 The vent line shall be provided with an atmospherictermination vent fitting as specified by the regist
22、ered profes-sional engineer and installed in accordance with the manufac-turers or engineers instructions (see Fig. 1).6.9 Vent lines shall be Schedule 40 or Schedule 80 polyvi-nyl chloride (PVC) pipe, minimum 112-in. (3.8-cm) iron pipesize (IPS), to assure rapid evacuation and resistance to acci-de
23、ntal damage.6.10 The “maximum allowable drawdown,” derived fromTable 1 (using linear interpolation if needed), shall be specifiedin the documentation for use in field testing.6.11 The requirements of Section 6 shall be incorporated in“vent design drawings and specifications.”7. Field Testing7.1 Purg
24、e Testing:7.1.1 Apurge test shall be conducted on each vent system toverify correct piping arrangement and open passages.TABLE 1 Allowable Drawdown for Circular and Square Open SumpKcircLT9= KcircGT9= KsqLT9= KsqGT9=Diam (in.) Drawdown (in.) Diam (in.) Drawdown (in.) Side (in.) Drawdown (in.) Side (
25、in.) Drawdown (in.)2 132.4 9 6.5 2 104.0 9 5.12.25 104.6 9.25 6.7 2.25 82.1 9.25 5.32.5 84.7 9.5 7.0 2.5 66.5 9.5 5.52.75 70.0 9.75 7.1 2.75 55.0 9.75 5.63 58.8 10 7.4 3 46.2 10 5.83.25 50.1 10.25 7.4 3.25 39.4 10.25 5.83.5 43.2 10.5 7.7 3.5 33.9 10.5 6.03.75 37.6 10.75 7.8 3.75 29.6 10.75 6.14 33.1
26、 11 7.9 4 26.0 11 6.24.25 29.3 11.25 8.2 4.25 23.0 11.25 6.44.5 26.1 11.5 8.3 4.5 20.5 11.5 6.54.75 23.5 11.75 8.5 4.75 18.4 11.75 6.75 21.2 12 8.8 5 16.6 12 6.95.25 19.2 12.25 8.9 5.25 15.1 12.25 7.05.5 17.5 12.5 9.0 5.5 13.7 12.5 7.15.75 16.0 12.75 9.3 5.75 12.6 12.75 7.36 14.7 13 9.4 6 11.6 13 7.
27、46.25 13.6 13.25 9.8 6.25 10.6 13.25 7.66.5 12.5 13.5 9.9 6.5 9.8 13.5 7.86.75 11.8 13.75 10.0 6.75 9.1 13.75 7.87 10.8 14 10.1 7 8.5 14 7.97.25 10.1 14.25 10.3 7.25 7.9 14.25 8.17.5 9.4 14.5 10.6 7.5 7.4 14.5 8.37.75 8.8 14.75 10.7 7.75 6.9 14.75 8.48 8.3 15 10.8 8 6.5 15 8.58.25 7.8 15.25 11.1 8.2
28、5 6.1 15.25 8.78.5 7.3 15.5 11.3 8.5 5.8 15.5 8.98.75 6.9 15.75 11.4 8.75 5.4 15.75 9.09 6.5 16 11.6 9 5.1 16 9.116.25 11.8 16.25 9.316.5 11.9 16.5 9.416.75 12.2 16.75 9.617 12.3 17 9.717.25 12.5 17.25 9.817.5 12.7 17.5 10.017.75 12.9 17.75 10.118 13.1 18 10.3F2707 1027.1.2 Upon initial startup by p
29、ool contractor, conduct purgetest.7.1.3 Contractor shall advise homeowner in writing to teston an annual basis.7.2 Acceptance testing shall be in accordance with 7.2.1 or7.2.2.7.2.1 Acceptance testing is not required in the followingcases:7.2.1.1 In jurisdictions that perform pool piping inspections
30、by local building officials, and7.2.1.2 The vent system installation is field certified by aregistered professional engineer.7.2.2 Acceptance Test by Physical Measurement ofDrawdownThe actual sump or vent drawdown is measuredand the lesser value of the two results is compared to themaximum allowable
31、 drawdown in Table 1. This information isgiven for selected square and round sumps, respectively. Thefollowing tests shall be conducted at normal pool operatinglevel with the skimmer valves or the skimmer basket blockedto simulate a clogged condition and all other suction portsclosed so all flow is
32、through the submerged suction outlet(s).7.2.2.1 With the suction outlet cover(s) in place, the sump orvent drawdown of the water level in the vent line shall bemeasured.7.2.2.2 The sump or vent drawdown shall be less than orequal to the “allowable drawdown” to assure operability.7.2.2.3 Any or all o
33、utlets shall be blocked with or withoutcovers. The sump or vent drawdown shall not exceed theallowable drawdown for more than 3 s. This shall be true forany combination of open and blocked outlets.7.2.2.4 The sump or vent drawdown shall never exceed theallowable drawdown limits of Table 1 when one o
34、r all suctionoutlets are blocked.7.2.2.5 Startup surge shall not cause a loss of pump prime.8. Site Signage8.1 Signage shall be displayed at the pool equipment areaand vent location if in different locations.8.2 ANSI Z535.2 and ANSI Z535.4 shall be used as guides.8.3 Signage shall be permanently aff
35、ixed. An in-wall fittingshall have information molded or permanently marked, or acustom tile may be provided.8.4 Signage shall have the following words or equivalent tobe displayed at pool equipment area:8.4.1 This pool is equipped with a safety vent system.8.4.2 Safety vent system fitting located a
36、t_(location).8.4.3 Do not tamper, cover, block, or disable this system.8.4.4 This system shall operate between _ and _ GPM.8.4.5 Any changes in the circulation system require retest-ing.FIG. 1 Vent Tee ArrangementF2707 1039. Vent Fitting Signage9.1 The vent fitting, or permanent placard, within 6 in
37、. (15cm) of the atmospheric vent fitting shall be permanentlylabeled:SAFETY VENTDo not tamper or remove10. Keywords10.1 atmospheric vent; entrapment; hot tub; safety vent;spa; swimming pool; vent pipe; vent systemANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. BASIS OF TABLE 1A1.1 The allowable sump or vent drawdow
38、n is based on theallowable release force defined in ASME/ANSI A112.19.8-2007, which is a function of the size of the bather. The criticalcase for a given sump is the smallest torso width that can blockit. Subcommittee F15.51 is reviewing these tables with theintent of proposing an eccentricity corre
39、ction when further testdata becomes available and is reviewed. The committee isinvestigating the correction for the following reasons:A1.1.1 To simulate a skin specimen and further adjust for aneccentricity of the bathers release effort.A1.1.2 The skin specimen replicates the observed behaviorof hum
40、an skin as it separates from the body. It has a favorableeffect on square sumps in which the skin can relatively easilyseparate from the corners. This leads to the allowable draw-down for a square sump being greater than a circular sump.A1.1.3 The bathers release effort is assumed to be eccentricto
41、the center of the sump because of several observations:A1.1.3.1 The likelihood of the weakest bather being cen-tered on the sump is very low.A1.1.3.2 The bather will likely try multiple movements andpositions in efforts to release.A1.1.3.3 The eccentricity being investigated is proportionalto the bo
42、dy size and 20 % has been chosen as a reasonableestimate. For the smallest child, with a 9-in. (23-cm) torsowidth, this is 1.8 in. (4.6 cm).A1.1.3.4 Finally, a safety margin of 25 % is applied. (This isthe same as hair entrapment testing in ASME/ANSIA112.19.8-2007.)ASTM International takes no positi
43、on respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility
44、.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM
45、International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address sh
46、own below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2707 104
