1、Designation: F2707 10 (Reapproved 2018)1Standard Safety Performance Specification forSafe Design and Installation of Field Fabricated Suction-Limiting Vent Systems for Suction Entrapment Prevention inSwimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Wading Pools1This standard is issued under the fixed designation
2、 F2707; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reap
3、proval.1NOTEEditorially corrected Referenced Documents in June 2018.1. Scope1.1 This safety performance specification provides require-ments for safety in design and installation when using asuction-limiting vent system for suction entrapment preventionin swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, or wading po
4、ols.1.2 The purpose of the vent is to relieve the vacuum at thesuction outlet(s) caused by any blockage of the suctionoutlet(s). The vent is intended to prevent body entrapment atthe suction outlet(s) and may also mitigate limb entrapment. Itis not intended to prevent other injuries caused by the su
5、ctionoutlet(s) such as hair entrapment, mechanical entrapment, orevisceration.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 Thi
6、s standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 Th
7、is international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade
8、 (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standards:2ANSI Z535.2 Environmental and facility safety signsANSI Z535.4 Product safety signs and labelsANSI/APSP 16 Standard Suction Fittings for Use in Swim-ming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 allowable d
9、rawdown, ndrawdown depth corre-sponding to the acceptable removal effort for a particularuncovered sump; it is physically built into the system.3.1.2 engineer, nregistered professional engineer.3.1.3 field-fabricated vent (FFV), nopen-to-atmospherevent installed between the pool suction outlet(s) an
10、d the suctionside of the pump in such a way as to relieve the vacuum causedby a blockage of the suction outlet(s).3.1.4 operating drawdown, nlowering of the water levelin the vent from the static condition caused by normaloperation.3.1.5 purge test, nplacing a blocking element over thesump to ensure
11、 that air enters the vent system.3.1.6 startup surge, ntransient lowering of the water levelin the vent during pump startup.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIf excessive, the pump may lose prime.4. Significance and Use4.1 This performance specification outlines the require-ments needed to design and install a fiel
12、d-fabricated vent forsafety purposes. Vents only address suction outlet body andmay mitigate limb entrapment. Vents have proven effective1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.51 onSafety Vacuum Relea
13、se Systems for Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs.Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2707 10. DOI:10.1520/F2707-10R18E01.2Available fromAvailable from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),25 W. 43rd
14、 St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i
15、n the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1when installed correctly. It is not intended to prevent otherinjuries caused by suction outlet(s) such as hair en
16、trapment,mechanical entrapment, or evisceration.5. General Requirements5.1 Design and installation instructions for field-fabricatedvents (FFV) shall be certified only by a registered professionalengineer. Multiple systems may be built to the same “ventdesign drawings and specifications” with the ap
17、proval of theengineer.5.2 The design and installation of the vent is specific to eachpiping system and shall consider all relevant parametersincluding but not limited to: elevations, flow rate, startup surge,minimum and maximum water operating levels, water depth atthe suction outlet(s), pipe fittin
18、gs, spacing between fittings,atmospheric vent fitting, and suction outlet configurations.5.3 The vent shall be tested in place for proper function. SeeSection 7 for details.6. Specific Requirements6.1 The engineer shall specify minimum and maximum flowrates, pipe sizes, and minimum and maximum pipe
19、length(s),including equivalent length of fittings, elevation of criticalfittings with respect to normal pool operating level, as well asthe make and model of the suction outlet approved cover inaccordance with ANSI/APSP 16, including the head loss at thesuction fitting and the make and model of the
20、atmospheric venttermination fitting. Vent termination fittings are rated by thesize of the pipe they can successfully vent. For larger pipes, thenumber of fittings shall equal or exceed the flow area of thelarge pipe divided by the flow area of the fittings rated pipesize.6.2 The vent shall be desig
21、ned to insure that with any or allsuction outlet(s) completely blocked, the sump or vent draw-down shall not exceed the values in Table 1 for the size of agiven suction outlet sump with the vent termination fitting inplace and with or without the cover in place.6.3 The vent system and atmospheric ve
22、nt terminationfitting shall be designed so that neither can be disabled withoutthe use of tools.6.4 Under normal operation, the vent system shall notadversely affect pump suction, system flow, or other equipmentperformance.6.5 No check valves or valves shall be installed between anysuction outlet an
23、d the atmospheric opening of the system.6.6 The vent shall be piped to a location specified by theregistered professional engineer. If the vent is located outsidethe deck area, the vent shall be clearly visible and above gradeas indicated by the engineer.TABLE 1 Allowable Drawdown for Circular and S
24、quare Open SumpKcircLT9= KcircGT9= KsqLT9= KsqGT9=Diam (in.) Drawdown (in.) Diam (in.) Drawdown (in.) Side (in.) Drawdown (in.) Side (in.) Drawdown (in.)2 132.4 9 6.5 2 104.0 9 5.12.25 104.6 9.25 6.7 2.25 82.1 9.25 5.32.5 84.7 9.5 7.0 2.5 66.5 9.5 5.52.75 70.0 9.75 7.1 2.75 55.0 9.75 5.63 58.8 10 7.
25、4 3 46.2 10 5.83.25 50.1 10.25 7.4 3.25 39.4 10.25 5.83.5 43.2 10.5 7.7 3.5 33.9 10.5 6.03.75 37.6 10.75 7.8 3.75 29.6 10.75 6.14 33.1 11 7.9 4 26.0 11 6.24.25 29.3 11.25 8.2 4.25 23.0 11.25 6.44.5 26.1 11.5 8.3 4.5 20.5 11.5 6.54.75 23.5 11.75 8.5 4.75 18.4 11.75 6.75 21.2 12 8.8 5 16.6 12 6.95.25
26、19.2 12.25 8.9 5.25 15.1 12.25 7.05.5 17.5 12.5 9.0 5.5 13.7 12.5 7.15.75 16.0 12.75 9.3 5.75 12.6 12.75 7.36 14.7 13 9.4 6 11.6 13 7.46.25 13.6 13.25 9.8 6.25 10.6 13.25 7.66.5 12.5 13.5 9.9 6.5 9.8 13.5 7.86.75 11.8 13.75 10.0 6.75 9.1 13.75 7.87 10.8 14 10.1 7 8.5 14 7.97.25 10.1 14.25 10.3 7.25
27、7.9 14.25 8.17.5 9.4 14.5 10.6 7.5 7.4 14.5 8.37.75 8.8 14.75 10.7 7.75 6.9 14.75 8.48 8.3 15 10.8 8 6.5 15 8.58.25 7.8 15.25 11.1 8.25 6.1 15.25 8.78.5 7.3 15.5 11.3 8.5 5.8 15.5 8.98.75 6.9 15.75 11.4 8.75 5.4 15.75 9.09 6.5 16 11.6 9 5.1 16 9.116.25 11.8 16.25 9.316.5 11.9 16.5 9.416.75 12.2 16.7
28、5 9.617 12.3 17 9.717.25 12.5 17.25 9.817.5 12.7 17.5 10.017.75 12.9 17.75 10.118 13.1 18 10.3F2707 10 (2018)126.7 If the pool is not equipped with an overflow, the ventopening shall be installed above the highest water levelpossible in the pool it is protecting.6.8 The vent line shall be provided w
29、ith an atmospherictermination vent fitting as specified by the registered profes-sional engineer and installed in accordance with the manufac-turers or engineers instructions (see Fig. 1).6.9 Vent lines shall be Schedule 40 or Schedule 80 polyvi-nyl chloride (PVC) pipe, minimum 112-in. (3.8-cm) iron
30、 pipesize (IPS), to assure rapid evacuation and resistance to acci-dental damage.6.10 The “maximum allowable drawdown,” derived fromTable 1 (using linear interpolation if needed), shall be specifiedin the documentation for use in field testing.6.11 The requirements of Section 6 shall be incorporated
31、 in“vent design drawings and specifications.”7. Field Testing7.1 Purge Testing:7.1.1 Apurge test shall be conducted on each vent system toverify correct piping arrangement and open passages.7.1.2 Upon initial startup by pool contractor, conduct purgetest.7.1.3 Contractor shall advise homeowner in wr
32、iting to teston an annual basis.7.2 Acceptance testing shall be in accordance with 7.2.1 or7.2.2.7.2.1 Acceptance testing is not required in the followingcases:7.2.1.1 In jurisdictions that perform pool piping inspectionsby local building officials, and7.2.1.2 The vent system installation is field c
33、ertified by aregistered professional engineer.7.2.2 Acceptance Test by Physical Measurement ofDrawdownThe actual sump or vent drawdown is measuredand the lesser value of the two results is compared to themaximum allowable drawdown in Table 1. This information isgiven for selected square and round su
34、mps, respectively. Thefollowing tests shall be conducted at normal pool operatinglevel with the skimmer valves or the skimmer basket blockedto simulate a clogged condition and all other suction portsclosed so all flow is through the submerged suction outlet(s).7.2.2.1 With the suction outlet cover(s
35、) in place, the sump orvent drawdown of the water level in the vent line shall bemeasured.7.2.2.2 The sump or vent drawdown shall be less than orequal to the “allowable drawdown” to assure operability.7.2.2.3 Any or all outlets shall be blocked with or withoutcovers. The sump or vent drawdown shall
36、not exceed theallowable drawdown for more than 3 s. This shall be true forany combination of open and blocked outlets.FIG. 1 Vent Tee ArrangementF2707 10 (2018)137.2.2.4 The sump or vent drawdown shall never exceed theallowable drawdown limits of Table 1 when one or all suctionoutlets are blocked.7.
37、2.2.5 Startup surge shall not cause a loss of pump prime.8. Site Signage8.1 Signage shall be displayed at the pool equipment areaand vent location if in different locations.8.2 ANSI Z535.2 and ANSI Z535.4 shall be used as guides.8.3 Signage shall be permanently affixed. An in-wall fittingshall have
38、information molded or permanently marked, or acustom tile may be provided.8.4 Signage shall have the following words or equivalent tobe displayed at pool equipment area:8.4.1 This pool is equipped with a safety vent system.8.4.2 Safety vent system fitting located at _(location).8.4.3 Do not tamper,
39、cover, block, or disable this system.8.4.4 This system shall operate between _ and _ GPM.8.4.5 Any changes in the circulation system require retest-ing.9. Vent Fitting Signage9.1 The vent fitting, or permanent placard, within 6 in. (15cm) of the atmospheric vent fitting shall be permanentlylabeled:S
40、AFETY VENTDo not tamper or remove10. Keywords10.1 atmospheric vent; entrapment; hot tub; safety vent;spa; swimming pool; vent pipe; vent systemANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. BASIS OF TABLE 1A1.1 The allowable sump or vent drawdown is based on theallowable release force defined in ANSI/APSP 16-2017,
41、 whichis a function of the size of the bather. The critical case for agiven sump is the smallest torso width that can block it.Subcommittee F15.51 is reviewing these tables with the intentof proposing an eccentricity correction when further test databecomes available and is reviewed. The committee i
42、s investi-gating the correction for the following reasons:A1.1.1 To simulate a skin specimen and further adjust for aneccentricity of the bathers release effort.A1.1.2 The skin specimen replicates the observed behaviorof human skin as it separates from the body. It has a favorableeffect on square su
43、mps in which the skin can relatively easilyseparate from the corners. This leads to the allowable draw-down for a square sump being greater than a circular sump.A1.1.3 The bathers release effort is assumed to be eccentricto the center of the sump because of several observations:A1.1.3.1 The likeliho
44、od of the weakest bather being cen-tered on the sump is very low.A1.1.3.2 The bather will likely try multiple movements andpositions in efforts to release.A1.1.3.3 The eccentricity being investigated is proportionalto the body size and 20 % has been chosen as a reasonableestimate. For the smallest c
45、hild, with a 9-in. (23-cm) torsowidth, this is 1.8 in. (4.6 cm).A1.1.3.4 Finally, a safety margin of 25 % is applied. (This isthe same as hair entrapment testing in ANSI/APSP 16-2017.)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any it
46、em mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical com
47、mittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
48、meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
49、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 10 (2018)14
