1、Designation: F2716 08 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Practice forComparison of Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets in High PressureSaturated Steam1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2716; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides a means of comparing variousnonmetallic flat gasket materials, Classificatio
3、n F104, in satu-rated steam service under controlled conditions. While thepractice is designed primarily for flat gaskets, it also can beapplied to various form-in-place gasket materials upon modi-fication. The practice may be used for quality control ormaterial comparison purposes as agreed upon be
4、tween pro-ducer and user. This practice is consistent with Fluid SealingAssociation test method, FSA-NMG-204-02, with regard tofixtures used and procedure.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units
5、that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
6、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for High Temperature or High PressureService and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
7、 Nutsfor Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service,or BothF104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materi-als2.2 ASME Standards:3ASME B16.21 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe FlangesASME PCC-1 Guidelines for Pressure Boundary BoltedFlange Joint Assembly2.3 ESA/FSA Standards:4ESA/F
8、SA Publication No. 009/98 Guidelines for Safe SealUsage - Flanges and GasketsFSA-NMG-204-02 Standard Test Method for Performanceof Non-Asbestos Gaskets in High Pressure, SaturatedSteam3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice may be used to evaluate ClassificationF104 gasket materials using saturated
9、 steam and standardASME RF (raised face) flanges. This practice is intended foruse as quality control or material comparison tool and shouldnot be used to predict performance.4. Apparatus4.1 The test equipment shall consist of the following com-ponents:4.1.1 Hot Air Circulating Oven, equipped with t
10、emperaturecontrols and capable of maintaining temperatures up to 570 65F (299 6 3C).4.1.2 Scales, capable of maintaining an accuracy of 60.1 gwith a nominal capacity of 12 kg.4.1.3 Flange FixtureA2 in. cast steel Class 600 fixturemade from one weld neck flange capped by welding to boilercode and one
11、 blind flange (see Fig. 1). Flange surfaces are 275to 325 RMS in. (7.0 to 8.3 mm), flatness range 0.002 in.(0.05 mm). Each fixture shall have an identification number.4.1.4 Flange ProtectorsTo help ensure safe operation, usestandard metal flange protectors.4.1.5 Fasteners:4.1.5.1 Seven58-in. bolts,
12、4 in. long, per SpecificationA193/A193M, Grade B7.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.10 on Composite Gaskets.Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last prev
13、ious edition approved in 2008 as F2716 08. DOI:10.1520/F2716-08R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM we
14、bsite.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from Fluid Sealing Association (FSA), 994 Old Eagle School Road,Suite 1019, Wayne, PA 190871866.Copyright ASTM International,
15、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.5.2 One calibrated bolt modified by the insertion of acalibration pin as detailed in Fig. 1.4.1.5.3 Eight58-in. hexagonal nuts per Specification A194/A194M, Grade 4, coarse thread.4.1.5.4 Sixteen58-in. hardened
16、steel washers (38-45 HRC),Grade 8.4.1.6 Calibrated Dial Indicator, graduated to 0.0001 in.(0.0025 mm) and equipped with a 90 conical contact point tobe used in conjunction with the adapter shown in Fig. 1.4.1.7 Torque WrenchOne calibrated torque wrench with aminimum capacity of 70 ftlbf (95 Nm).4.1.
17、8 Torque WrenchOne calibrated torque wrench with arange of 0 to 200 in.lbf (0 to 23 Nm).4.1.9 Bolt LubricantHigh temperature-resistant molybde-num disulfide grease.4.2 Preparation of Apparatus:4.2.1 Prior to running any tests in a new fixture, the integrityof the assembled test fixture should be che
18、cked by running atest at a temperature at least 100F (38C) higher than the testtemperature, without exceeding the temperature/pressure ratingfor the flange. A standard gasket material approved for theseservice conditions shall be used with water as the test fluid.4.2.2 The maximum use temperature fo
19、r the fixture withsaturated steam is 563F (295C). Therefore, if a test tempera-ture is not specified, this maximum shall be used as the default.However, any temperature that does not exceed this limit maybe used if agreed upon by the producer and user.4.2.3 Follow the steps in Section 9 for one cycl
20、e of aminimum of 24 h. Ensure that the gasket is acceptable for thattemperature/pressure.5. Test Specimen5.1 The test specimen shall be a Class 600 2-in. (50-mm)ring gasket. It is recommended that a116-in. (1.5-mm) thickgasket be used. However, other thicknesses can be used ifagreed to by the produc
21、er and user.5.1.1 See ASME B16.21, Table 8, for gasket dimensions.5.1.2 See Classification F104 for thickness tolerance.5.1.3 Preconditioning of the test gasket is not necessary,since this test is designed for shelf stock gaskets.6. Flange Limits6.1 Ensure that the test pressure never exceeds the pr
22、essure/temperature rating of the flange class:Class 600 Cast Steel 400F (205C) Limited to 1270 psig (88.6 bar) or (8.87 MPa) 500F (260C) Limited to 1200 psig (83.8 bar) or (8.38 MPa) 600F (316C) Limited to 1095 psig (76.6 bar) or (7.66 MPa) 700F (371C) Limited to 1065 psig (74.5 bar) or (7.45 MPa)7.
23、 Test Limits7.1 Temperature/pressure properties for saturated steamfrom the steam table:FIG. 1 FSA Steam Test FixtureF2716 08 (2014)2400F (205C) Generates 235 psig (16.2 bar) or (1.62 MPa)450F (232C) Generates 405 psig (27.9 bar) or (2.79 MPa)500F (260C) Generates 665 psig (45.8 bar) or (4.58 MPa)54
24、0F (282C) Generates 945 psig (65.1 bar) or (6.51 MPa)550F (288C) Generates 1035 psig (71.3 bar) or (7.13 MPa)563F (295C) Generates 1145 psig (78.9 bar) or (7.89 MPa)8. Bolt Torque Guidelines8.1 The recommended assembly torque is 65 6 5 ftlbf (886 7 Nm), which produces a gasket stress of approximatel
25、y 11000 psi (75.8 MPa). This calculation is based on the use ofmolybdenum disulfide grease as the bolt lubricant (4.1.9).8.2 A recommended article is “Torque - Tensioning Part II”by Dr. H. E. Trucks.5Also see ASME PCC-1.8.3 Various assembly torques may be used, as agreed uponby producer and user, an
26、d provided the gasket stress is neverless than 4350 psi (30 MPa).9. Procedure9.1 A minimum of two test assemblies is recommended pergasket type tested.9.2 Ensure that the flange assembly has been thoroughlycleaned and that the exposed surfaces of the flanges are free ofall residues from previous tes
27、ts. Inspect for nicks, scratches, orserious defects. Recondition when required. (WarningIt isimportant to check the flanges to ensure that the surfacesremain within the correct roughness and flatness range.)9.3 Ensure that the bolts, nuts, and washers are not damagedand that the nut runs freely onto
28、 the bolt by hand.9.4 Cut standard ASME 2-in., Class 600 ring gaskets.9.5 Clean bolt threads, nuts, and washers with an organicsolvent. Then lubricate bolts, nuts, and washers. Do notlubricate the dial indicator adapter assembly or the part of thecalibrated bolt that it will contact, since the prese
29、nce oflubricants on these components will adversely affect boltelongation readings. Do not coat gasket or flanges with anykind of release material.9.6 Assemble the fixture as follows:9.6.1 Place the empty weld neck flange on the scale and tareit.9.6.2 Pour 125 mL of water in the flange, and record t
30、heexact weight of water (Ww).9.6.3 Tare the scale, center the gasket onto the raised face ofthe weld neck flange, and record gasket weight (Gw).9.6.4 Place the blind flange carefully on the weld neckflange, and install the bolts, washers, and nuts finger tight.9.6.5 Install the dial indicator assemb
31、ly (dial indicatormounted on adapter) over the calibrated bolt with a calibratedtorque wrench set to 40 in.lbf (4.6 Nm), and zero the dial.Lock the dial indicator in the zero position, then remove thedial indicator assembly carefully. Bolt stretch may also bemeasured externally using an ultrasonic b
32、olt stretch gauge fora given bolt.9.6.6 Using a calibrated torque wrench, torque the boltaccording to the FSA recommended cross pattern in 3 incre-ments of 20 6 5 ftlbf (27 6 7 Nm) and finally one cycle at65 6 5 ftlbf (886 7 Nm) (see ESA/FSA Publication No.009/98 or ASME PCC-1, or both). Then torque
33、 each boltconsecutively in a counterclockwise pattern at 65 ftlbf (88Nm), doing the first bolt a second time. The final torque maybe adjusted as agreed upon between producer and user, butmust be clearly stated in the report. The default torque settingshall be 65 ftlbf (88 Nm) unless otherwise agreed
34、 upon andspecified.9.6.7 Complete the tightening process in 15 min.9.6.8 Ten minutes after completing the tightening processdescribed in 9.6.6, torque again with the FSA cross pattern to65 ftlbf (88 Nm). Finally, tighten each bolt consecutively in acounterclockwise pattern to 65 ftlbf (88 Nm), doing
35、 the firstbolt a second time.9.6.9 Reinstall the dial indicator assembly over the cali-brated bolt using a calibrated torque wrench set to 40 in.lbf(4.6 Nm). Take the reading and record this value as Lo.Remove the dial indicator assembly carefully. This readingmay also be taken using an external bol
36、t stretch gauge asdescribed in 9.6.5.9.6.10 Install the flange protector, weigh the assembly, andrecord the weight as Wt.9.6.10.1 A separate dial indicator assembly (dial indicatormounted on adapter) will be required for each calibrated boltused in the test.9.7 Place the test rigs in the oven, and r
37、aise the temperatureso the test temperature is reached no sooner than in 30 min.Ideally, a temperature rate-of-rise of 1C/min is preferred.NOTE 1The test can be run with the steam in contact with the gasketby locating the fixture in the oven with the liquid chamber down (steamphase). Another option
38、is to allow the gasket to be in contact with the testliquid by reversing the fixture so the liquid chamber will be up (wetphase).NOTE 2The weekly steam cycle in Fig. 2 consists of two cyclesallowing time for the technician to take all the measurements in a normal5-day working week.9.8 After the indi
39、cated time at the chosen temperature, cooldown the oven to room temperature no sooner than 30 min.Ideally, a cool down rate of 1C/min is preferred.9.9 Remove the test rig from the oven and weigh it. Recordthe weight as Wr.9.10 Repeat the steps in 9.7 9.9 for a minimum of 10cycles and 1000 h. Test ho
40、urs will include the ramp-up time forthe fixture and the time held at temperature but not thecool-down time. If Fig. 2 is followed, a 7-week test willcomprise 1064 h.NOTE 3Cycles can vary from 9.7 9.10, provided there is anagreement between testing parties. Note any change from the defaultschedule i
41、n the report.9.11 After the final cycle is completed, measure and recordthe weight of the fixture, install the dial indicator adapter asdescribed in 9.6, take the reading, and record as Lf. Thisreading may also be taken using an external bolt stretch gaugeas described in 9.6.5.5Trucks, Dr. H. E., “T
42、orque-Tensioning Part II,” Fastener Technology, Decem-ber 1987.F2716 08 (2014)39.12 Dismantle the fixture, and record any relevant obser-vations.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate water loss as follows:W%5Wt2 WrWw3100 (1)where:W%= water loss in percent,Ww= initial water weight,Wt= initial total assembly
43、weight, andWr= assembly weight after each cycle.NOTE 4Determine weight loss due to the gasket and the lubricant byrunning a dry test for a few cycles. Use results to confirm what effect theyhave on precision of W%.10.2 Calculate bolt elongation as follows:L%5Lo2 LfLo3100 (2)where:L%= bolt elongation
44、 loss in percent,Lo= initial bolt elongation, andLf= final bolt elongation.10.3 Calculate incremental leak rate as follows:li5 Wri212 Wri!/Ti! (3)where:Wri1= the previous Wr measurement,Wri= the current Wr measurement,Ti = the time increment during which the weight change(Wri1Wri) occurred, andli= t
45、he leak rate for the time increment during whichthe weight change (Wri1Wri) occurred.NOTE 5Typical units are weight per secondwhich is useful forcomparisons.11. Report11.1 Report the following information (the information onthe worksheet in Fig. 3 is also reported to support the testfinding):11.1.1
46、Gasket identification and thickness under “Productdescription.”11.1.2 Initial bolt torque in ftlbf and calculated gasket stressin psi under “Comments.”11.1.3 Indicate wet or steam phase under “Condition (Wetor Steam).”11.1.4 Total number of cycles and total hours.11.1.5 Temperature of the oven.11.1.
47、6 Weight loss at each cycle.11.1.7 Bolt elongation loss in percent.11.1.8 General observations under “Comments.”11.1.9 Leak Rate at each cycle.12. Keywords12.1 bolt elongation; flange gasket; gasket; nonmetallic flatgaskets; saturated steam; steam testFIG. 2 Weekly Steam CycleF2716 08 (2014)4FIG. 3
48、FSA Steam Test Status WorksheetF2716 08 (2014)5ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
49、and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technic
