1、Designation: F2766 11Standard Test Method forBoat Barriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the
2、year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to provide a means ofevaluating the performance of Boat Barriers and through thatevaluation provide a certification of performance in the form
3、 ofan ASTM International Impact Rating for Boat Barriers to beused in the design and specification of Boat Barriers. Inaddition to the Impact Rating, testing under this standardrequires the determination and reporting of the maximumdeformation of the barrier during testing to further aid inappropria
4、te barrier selection.1.2 This test method provides a range of small surfacemotor boat impact condition levels and penetration perfor-mance levels to select boat barriers appropriate for use atpotentially threatened onshore port facilities, offshore facilities,and floating assets.1.3 This test method
5、 is designed to test and evaluate thestopping capabilities of boat barriers at the point of impact andthe moments subsequent to impact of a small surface motorboat.1.4 This test method is not intended to be used for thetesting criteria of floating “lines of demarcation” or similaritems or technologi
6、es that do not make claims of “boat or smallsurface motor boat” stopping capabilities.1.5 Governing agencies may adopt those performance levelsin this test method that satisfy their specific needs and assigncertification ratings for small surface motor boat stoppingbarriers based on the tests and te
7、st methodologies described inthis test method.1.6 Many test parameters are standardized to arrive atcommon small surface motor boat types and masses, enhancetest realism and replications, and produce uniform ratingdesignations.1.6.1 Compliance with these rating designations establishesa measure of p
8、erformance but does not render any boat barrierinvulnerable to motor boat penetration. Caution should beexercised in interpreting test findings and projecting results toother hypothetical conditions.1.7 Product design/certification in this test method onlyaddresses the ability of the barrier to with
9、stand the impact ofthe test motor boat. It does not represent an endorsement of theproduct/design or address its operational suitability.1.8 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are prov
10、ided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
11、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 SAE Standard:2SAE J-211/2 Instrumentation for Impact TestPart 2: Pho-tographic Instrumentation2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence ofTesting and Calibration Laboratories2.3 Federal Standard:446 CFR 24
12、.10-1 Shipping: Chapter 1Coast Guard, De-partment of Homeland SecurityPart 24: GeneralProvisionsDefinitions3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accredited independent testing laboratory, ntestinglaboratory accredited to perform the referenced testing proce-dures by a nationally recognized accrediting
13、 agency in accor-dance with ISO 17025 and led by a test director; an accreditedindependent testing laboratory shall have access to the appa-ratus, facilities, personnel, and calibrated instruments that arenecessary to inspect and test the boat barriers; and an accred-ited independent testing laborat
14、ory may not: (1) have anyfinancial interest in or otherwise be affiliated with companies orindividuals, for which they perform accreditation testing; (2)be owned or controlled by the manufacturer of similar equip-ment or material to be inspected; (3) be owned or controlled by1This test method is und
15、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on SecuritySystems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 onSystems Products and Services.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published June 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F2766-11.2Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonweal
16、th Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washi
17、ngton, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.a vendor of the equipment or material to be inspected or avendor of similar equipment or material; (4) be owned orcontrolled by a supplier of m
18、aterials to the manufacturer; or (5)advertise or promote the manufacturers equipment or materialthat the laboratory inspects and tests.3.1.1.1 DiscussionHereinafter, accredited independenttesting laboratories are referred to as “the test facility”, with“accredited” being understood as prerequisite.
19、Other indepen-dent testing agencies actively pursuing accreditation and whosetesting protocols are accepted by a federal agency may alsoconduct tests for a period of one year after performing the firsttest using this test method.3.1.2 line of demarcation, nsystem used to identify re-stricted waters.
20、3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis type of floating system provideslittle or no boat stopping/delay capacity.3.1.3 waterfront boat barrier, na device intended toprovide a standoff from protected assets by (1) delineating anexclusion zone around the waterfront approach to an asset and(2) preventing the entry int
21、o the exclusion zone by a water-borne threat impeding the motion of a boat attempting topenetrate a protected area.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe barrier is primarily intended tostop, delay, or destroy hostile high-speed motor boat of 65 ft(19.8 m) or less in length.3.1.4 motorboat, nmeans any vessel 65 ft (
22、19.8 m) inlength or less, which is equipped with propulsion machinery(including steam).3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe length must be measured fromend-to-end over the deck, excluding sheer. This term includesa boat equipped with a detachable motor. For the purpose ofthis document, motorboats are included unde
23、r the term vessel,unless specifically noted otherwise. The various length catego-ries of motorboats are as follows:(1) Any motorboat less than 16 ft (4.9 m) in length.(2) Any motorboat 16 ft (4.9 m) or over and less than 26 ft(7.9 m) in length.(3) Any motorboat 26 ft (7.9 m) or over and less than 40
24、 ft(12.2 m) in length.(4) Any motorboat 40 ft (12.2 m) or over and not more than65 ft (19.8 m) in length.3.1.5 vessel, nincludes every description of watercraft orother artificial contrivance, used or capable of being used as ameans of transportation on water.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn addition to motorbo
25、ats defined in3.1.4, vessels also include the following:(1) Motor vesselany vessel more than 65 ft (19.8 m) inlength, which is propelled by machinery other than steam.(2) Sailboata boat designed or intended to use sails as theprimary means of propulsion.(3) Bargea non-self-propelled vessel.3.1.6 len
26、gth, nthe straight line horizontal measurement ofthe overall length from the foremost part of the boat to theaftermost part of the boat, measured from end to end over thedeck excluding sheer, and measured parallel to the centerline.Bow sprits, bumpkins, rudders, outboard motor brackets,handles, and
27、other similar fittings, attachments, and extensionsare not included in the measurement.3.1.7 beam, nthe maximum width of a vessel from: (1)outside of planking to outside of planking on wooden vesselsand (2) outside of frame to outside of frame on all othervessels.3.1.8 draft, nthe vertical distance
28、from the molded base-line (bottom) of a vessel amidships to the waterline (whenvessel is waterborne).3.1.9 penetration, nhereinafter penetration shall mean thedistance from the point of impact between the motor boat andthe boat barrier and the point where the velocity of the motorboat has been reduc
29、ed to zero.3.1.9.1 DiscussionPenetration may also be understood asthe maximum deflection of the barrier from its resting positionjust prior to motor boat impact to the point where the motorboat has been effectively halted. This penetration value isintended to aid the end-user in the estimation of ac
30、hievablestand-off between the threat vessel and the asset to be pro-tected. Users of this standard should be aware of the impact ofbarrier elasticity and as-tested versus in-place barrier length(s)on the total deflection/penetration to be expected in the actualapplication of the barrier. Penetration
31、 shall not mean breach orotherwise overwhelming of the barrier which shall constitutefailure of the barrier to perform.3.1.10 specifying agency, nany entity (federal, state, for-eign or private) requiring the testing and certification under thisASTM standard of a manufacturers boat barrier.3.2 Acron
32、yms:3.2.1 DoNU.S. Department of the Navy3.2.2 USCGU.S. Coast Guard3.2.3 BORBureau of Reclamation4. Summary of Test Method4.1 For a boat barrier to be tested, the following shall besubmitted to the specifying agency and the proposed testfacility for review: (1) a set of complete barrier shop drawings
33、;(2) barrier design and layout (as proposed for testing) in plan,elevation, and section; (3) barrier mooring/anchorages indetail; and (4) a barrier materials list. Upon modification, ifrequired, and acceptance by the agency, the proposed boatbarrier test is scheduled, in coordination with an agencyt
34、echnical representative, for testing and evaluation at theaccredited facility. Test article construction and test prepara-tions are made in accordance with this test method.4.2 A certification rating level test, motor boat weight andtest speed is selected by the vendor in coordination with theaccred
35、ited independent testing laboratory. Following receipt ofall pretest documentation, the test is conducted at the chosenspeed using the defined test. Dynamic test data are recordedusing the accredited methods.4.3 The test director shall determine acceptability ofwhether testing conditions are within
36、acceptable limits for avalid test. The rating is determined/recommended by the testdirector at an accredited facility.5. Significance and Use5.1 Governmental and private facilities may use “motorboat barriers” with an ASTM International impact rating. Eachagency/organization may have their own, or u
37、se other, certifi-cation lists.F2766 1125.2 When dynamic testing is required, procedures in thistest method permit performance evaluation of a boat barrier tocertify its level of protection against motor boat attack.5.3 ASTM Intentional Impact Ratings for Boat Barriersshall not be used unless subjec
38、ted to one or more of thedynamic tests presented herein.5.4 Small and large boats interact differently with varioussecurity devices. Additionally, if occupant risk is of concern,information may be gathered that allows assessment of thelikelihood of occupant injury.6. Threat6.1 Threat OverviewWaterbo
39、rne hazards come in a greatvariety of forms and directions. In recent years, there has beenworldwide use of watercraft for malicious purposes includingsmuggling, piracy, covert infiltration, and direct attack. Therehas been heightened interest in the threat posed by such craftbecause of the highly v
40、isible use of explosive-laden boats byterrorists and insurgents.6.2 Threat Characterization:6.2.1 There is tremendous range in the size and shape ofmotor boat that could pose a threat. For this test method, thedefinition of threat craft will be constrained to keep the scopeof the threat within reaso
41、nable bounds. Threat craft are those towhich the USCGs definition of motorboat applies (46 CFR24.10-1).6.2.2 The population of craft to which this definition appliesis both numerous and diverse;5therefore, additional granularityis required to describe meaningfully the range of plausiblethreat craft.
42、 Some U.S. Government agencies have used craftsize distribution statistics as a basis for both characterizationand requirements.6As stated in 1.4, this test method is limitedin scope to boat barrier performance criteria and makes nojudgment about what level of performance may be required ina specifi
43、ed situation. Threat characterization is therefore lim-ited to motor boat characterization only.6.3 Threat CraftPhysical Characteristics:6.3.1 The principle physical attribute of threat craft germaneto boat barriers is mass. Specifically for this test method is thetotal weight of the craft and its c
44、ontents that can contribute toa barrier penetration defined here as “rigid mass.” Unsecuredpayload, for example, passengers, is unlikely to contribute tothe kinetic interaction and is excluded from this measurement.The mass of motorboats varies considerably but those relevantto this test method are
45、very likely to be between 1000100 000lbm (45445 359 kg).6.3.2 The other primary physical attribute of the threat craftis their maximum speed. The maximum attainable speed for aparticular craft is highly dependent upon a number of factorssuch as engine type and configuration, hull form and state ofcl
46、eanliness, loading and draft, harbor geography and configu-ration, sea state, and so forth. The great variety of commercialand custom boat configurations makes it impossible to put anabsolute upper bound on boat speed. To account for suchvariations, the range of possible speeds is divided into fivez
47、ones in increments of 20 knots (10.3 m/s) each (Table 1). Thistest method recognizes that, in actual maritime environments,the vast majority of motor boats that can travel at speedsgreater than 60 knots (30.9 m/s) will only infrequently encoun-ter operational conditions that will accommodate speeds
48、thathigh.6.3.3 The range of physical parameters of primary interestto this test method is shown in Fig. 1. It represents the tradespace in which barrier testing will be conducted under this testmethod (Section 7).6.3.4 Other physical attributes of test craft relevant tobarrier testing (for example,
49、draft and hull configuration) aredescribed in Section 7.6.4 Critical Barrier Evaluation ParameterThe physicalparameter that will be used to assess boat barrier performanceis kinetic energy. The range of the maximum kinetic energy ofmotor boats is very large. A small skiff may be able to reachseveral thousand ft-lbf (joules) of energy (500 lbm at 15 knotsis 5000 ft-lbf 227 kg at 7.7 m/s is 6775 J). Commonprivately-owned cruisers can readily reach several hundredthousand ft-lbf (joules) (5000 lbm at 30 knots is 200 000 ft-lbf2268 kg at 15.4 m/s is
