1、Designation: F2766 11 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forBoat Barriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to provide a means ofevaluating the performance of Boat Barriers and through thatevaluation provide a certification of perfo
3、rmance in the form ofan ASTM International Impact Rating for Boat Barriers to beused in the design and specification of Boat Barriers. Inaddition to the Impact Rating, testing under this standardrequires the determination and reporting of the maximumdeformation of the barrier during testing to furth
4、er aid inappropriate barrier selection.1.2 This test method provides a range of small surfacemotor boat impact condition levels and penetration perfor-mance levels to select boat barriers appropriate for use atpotentially threatened onshore port facilities, offshore facilities,and floating assets.1.
5、3 This test method is designed to test and evaluate thestopping capabilities of boat barriers at the point of impact andthe moments subsequent to impact of a small surface motorboat.1.4 This test method is not intended to be used for thetesting criteria of floating “lines of demarcation” or similari
6、tems or technologies that do not make claims of “boat or smallsurface motor boat” stopping capabilities.1.5 Governing agencies may adopt those performance levelsin this test method that satisfy their specific needs and assigncertification ratings for small surface motor boat stoppingbarriers based o
7、n the tests and test methodologies described inthis test method.1.6 Many test parameters are standardized to arrive atcommon small surface motor boat types and masses, enhancetest realism and replications, and produce uniform ratingdesignations.1.6.1 Compliance with these rating designations establi
8、shesa measure of performance but does not render any boat barrierinvulnerable to motor boat penetration. Caution should beexercised in interpreting test findings and projecting results toother hypothetical conditions.1.7 Product design/certification in this test method onlyaddresses the ability of t
9、he barrier to withstand the impact ofthe test motor boat. It does not represent an endorsement of theproduct/design or address its operational suitability.1.8 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI u
10、nits that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determin
11、e the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 SAE Standard:2SAE J-211/2 Instrumentation for Impact TestPart 2: Pho-tographic Instrumentation2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence ofTesting and Calibration Laboratories2.3 Federal S
12、tandard:446 CFR 24.10-1 Shipping: Chapter 1Coast Guard, Depart-ment of Homeland SecurityPart 24: GeneralProvisionsDefinitions3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accredited independent testing laboratory, ntestinglaboratory accredited to perform the referenced testing proce-dures by a nationally reco
13、gnized accrediting agency in accor-dance with ISO 17025 and led by a test director; an accreditedindependent testing laboratory shall have access to theapparatus, facilities, personnel, and calibrated instruments that1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on SecuritySystem
14、s and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 onSystems Products and Services.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2766 11. DOI:10.1520/F2766-11R15.2Available from SAE Internationa
15、l (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW
16、, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1are necessary to inspect and test the boat barriers; and anaccredited independent testing laboratory may not: (1) haveany
17、 financial interest in or otherwise be affiliated with compa-nies or individuals, for which they perform accreditationtesting; (2) be owned or controlled by the manufacturer ofsimilar equipment or material to be inspected; (3) be owned orcontrolled by a vendor of the equipment or material to beinspe
18、cted or a vendor of similar equipment or material; (4) beowned or controlled by a supplier of materials to the manu-facturer; or (5) advertise or promote the manufacturers equip-ment or material that the laboratory inspects and tests.3.1.1.1 DiscussionHereinafter, accredited independenttesting labor
19、atories are referred to as “the test facility”, with“accredited” being understood as prerequisite. Other indepen-dent testing agencies actively pursuing accreditation and whosetesting protocols are accepted by a federal agency may alsoconduct tests for a period of one year after performing the first
20、test using this test method.3.1.2 line of demarcation, nsystem used to identify re-stricted waters.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis type of floating system provideslittle or no boat stopping/delay capacity.3.1.3 waterfront boat barrier, na device intended to pro-vide a standoff from protected assets by (1) de
21、lineating anexclusion zone around the waterfront approach to an asset and(2) preventing the entry into the exclusion zone by a water-borne threat impeding the motion of a boat attempting topenetrate a protected area.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe barrier is primarily intended tostop, delay, or destroy hostil
22、e high-speed motor boat of 65 ft(19.8 m) or less in length.3.1.4 motorboat, nmeans any vessel 65 ft (19.8 m) inlength or less, which is equipped with propulsion machinery(including steam).3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe length must be measured fromend-to-end over the deck, excluding sheer. This term includesa
23、 boat equipped with a detachable motor. For the purpose ofthis document, motorboats are included under the term vessel,unless specifically noted otherwise. The various length catego-ries of motorboats are as follows:(1) Any motorboat less than 16 ft (4.9 m) in length.(2) Any motorboat 16 ft (4.9 m)
24、or over and less than 26 ft(7.9 m) in length.(3) Any motorboat 26 ft (7.9 m) or over and less than 40 ft(12.2 m) in length.(4) Any motorboat 40 ft (12.2 m) or over and not more than65 ft (19.8 m) in length.3.1.5 vessel, nincludes every description of watercraft orother artificial contrivance, used o
25、r capable of being used as ameans of transportation on water.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn addition to motorboats defined in3.1.4, vessels also include the following:(1) Motor vesselany vessel more than 65 ft (19.8 m) inlength, which is propelled by machinery other than steam.(2) Sailboata boat designed or i
26、ntended to use sails as theprimary means of propulsion.(3) Bargea non-self-propelled vessel.3.1.6 length, nthe straight line horizontal measurement ofthe overall length from the foremost part of the boat to theaftermost part of the boat, measured from end to end over thedeck excluding sheer, and mea
27、sured parallel to the centerline.Bow sprits, bumpkins, rudders, outboard motor brackets,handles, and other similar fittings, attachments, and extensionsare not included in the measurement.3.1.7 beam, nthe maximum width of a vessel from: (1)outside of planking to outside of planking on wooden vessels
28、and (2) outside of frame to outside of frame on all othervessels.3.1.8 draft, nthe vertical distance from the molded base-line (bottom) of a vessel amidships to the waterline (whenvessel is waterborne).3.1.9 penetration, nhereinafter penetration shall mean thedistance from the point of impact betwee
29、n the motor boat andthe boat barrier and the point where the velocity of the motorboat has been reduced to zero.3.1.9.1 DiscussionPenetration may also be understood asthe maximum deflection of the barrier from its resting positionjust prior to motor boat impact to the point where the motorboat has b
30、een effectively halted. This penetration value isintended to aid the end-user in the estimation of achievablestand-off between the threat vessel and the asset to be pro-tected. Users of this standard should be aware of the impact ofbarrier elasticity and as-tested versus in-place barrier length(s)on
31、 the total deflection/penetration to be expected in the actualapplication of the barrier. Penetration shall not mean breach orotherwise overwhelming of the barrier which shall constitutefailure of the barrier to perform.3.1.10 specifying agency, nany entity (federal, state, for-eign or private) requ
32、iring the testing and certification under thisASTM standard of a manufacturers boat barrier.3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 DoNU.S. Department of the Navy3.2.2 USCGU.S. Coast Guard3.2.3 BORBureau of Reclamation4. Summary of Test Method4.1 For a boat barrier to be tested, the following shall besubmitted to the sp
33、ecifying agency and the proposed testfacility for review: (1) a set of complete barrier shop drawings;(2) barrier design and layout (as proposed for testing) in plan,elevation, and section; (3) barrier mooring/anchorages indetail; and (4) a barrier materials list. Upon modification, ifrequired, and
34、acceptance by the agency, the proposed boatbarrier test is scheduled, in coordination with an agencytechnical representative, for testing and evaluation at theaccredited facility. Test article construction and test prepara-tions are made in accordance with this test method.4.2 A certification rating
35、 level test, motor boat weight andtest speed is selected by the vendor in coordination with theaccredited independent testing laboratory. Following receipt ofall pretest documentation, the test is conducted at the chosenspeed using the defined test. Dynamic test data are recordedusing the accredited
36、 methods.F2766 11 (2015)24.3 The test director shall determine acceptability ofwhether testing conditions are within acceptable limits for avalid test. The rating is determined/recommended by the testdirector at an accredited facility.5. Significance and Use5.1 Governmental and private facilities ma
37、y use “motorboat barriers” with an ASTM International impact rating. Eachagency/organization may have their own, or use other, certifi-cation lists.5.2 When dynamic testing is required, procedures in thistest method permit performance evaluation of a boat barrier tocertify its level of protection ag
38、ainst motor boat attack.5.3 ASTM Intentional Impact Ratings for Boat Barriersshall not be used unless subjected to one or more of thedynamic tests presented herein.5.4 Small and large boats interact differently with varioussecurity devices. Additionally, if occupant risk is of concern,information ma
39、y be gathered that allows assessment of thelikelihood of occupant injury.6. Threat6.1 Threat OverviewWaterborne hazards come in a greatvariety of forms and directions. In recent years, there has beenworldwide use of watercraft for malicious purposes includingsmuggling, piracy, covert infiltration, a
40、nd direct attack. Therehas been heightened interest in the threat posed by such craftbecause of the highly visible use of explosive-laden boats byterrorists and insurgents.6.2 Threat Characterization:6.2.1 There is tremendous range in the size and shape ofmotor boat that could pose a threat. For thi
41、s test method, thedefinition of threat craft will be constrained to keep the scopeof the threat within reasonable bounds. Threat craft are those towhich the USCGs definition of motorboat applies (46 CFR24.10-1).6.2.2 The population of craft to which this definition appliesis both numerous and divers
42、e;5therefore, additional granularityis required to describe meaningfully the range of plausiblethreat craft. Some U.S. Government agencies have used craftsize distribution statistics as a basis for both characterizationand requirements.6As stated in 1.4, this test method is limitedin scope to boat b
43、arrier performance criteria and makes nojudgment about what level of performance may be required ina specified situation. Threat characterization is therefore lim-ited to motor boat characterization only.6.3 Threat CraftPhysical Characteristics:6.3.1 The principle physical attribute of threat craft
44、germaneto boat barriers is mass. Specifically for this test method is thetotal weight of the craft and its contents that can contribute toa barrier penetration defined here as “rigid mass.” Unsecuredpayload, for example, passengers, is unlikely to contribute tothe kinetic interaction and is excluded
45、 from this measurement.The mass of motorboats varies considerably but those relevantto this test method are very likely to be between 1000100 000lbm (45445 359 kg).6.3.2 The other primary physical attribute of the threat craftis their maximum speed. The maximum attainable speed for aparticular craft
46、 is highly dependent upon a number of factorssuch as engine type and configuration, hull form and state ofcleanliness, loading and draft, harbor geography andconfiguration, sea state, and so forth. The great variety ofcommercial and custom boat configurations makes it impos-sible to put an absolute
47、upper bound on boat speed. To accountfor such variations, the range of possible speeds is divided intofive zones in increments of 20 knots (10.3 m/s) each (Table 1).This test method recognizes that, in actual maritimeenvironments, the vast majority of motor boats that can travelat speeds greater tha
48、n 60 knots (30.9 m/s) will only infre-quently encounter operational conditions that will accommo-date speeds that high.6.3.3 The range of physical parameters of primary interestto this test method is shown in Fig. 1. It represents the tradespace in which barrier testing will be conducted under this
49、testmethod (Section 7).6.3.4 Other physical attributes of test craft relevant tobarrier testing (for example, draft and hull configuration) aredescribed in Section 7.6.4 Critical Barrier Evaluation ParameterThe physicalparameter that will be used to assess boat barrier performanceis kinetic energy. The range of the maximum kinetic energy ofmotor boats is very large. A small skiff may be able to reachseveral thousand ft-lbf (joules) of energy (500 lbm at 15 knotsis 5000 ft-lbf 227 kg at 7.7 m/s is 6775 J). Commonprivately-owned cruisers can readi
