1、Designation: F2793 14Standard Specification forBicycle Grips1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates th
2、e year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification defines a set of physical characteristics for Bicycle Grips and End Closures. Oneintent of this specification is to define certain dimensions of Bicyc
3、le Grips and End Closures appliedto tubular handlebars mounted on bicycles designed for cyclists who are 12 years of age or younger.The second intent of this specification is to test the durability of the ends of the Bicycle Grips and EndClosures for all bicycles where the tubular handlebar end axes
4、 are oriented within 60 of parallel tothe axle axis of the steering wheel. This second intent would apply to the “BMX” and “Mountain”style tubular handlebar examples illustrated in Fig. 1, and does not apply to the “Drop” (also knownas road race) style shown in the same figure.1. Scope1.1 This speci
5、fication establishes a minimum outer diameterfor the Bicycle Grip or End Closure, and the method fordetermining if the grip or End Closure meets the diameter.1.2 This specification checks the following characteristics:1.2.1 Bicycle Grip outer diameter,1.2.2 Bicycle Grip or End Closure diameter or bo
6、th, and1.2.3 Bicycle Grip or End Closure retention or both.1.3 This specification establishes testing requirements forthe durability of Bicycle Grips and End Closures. It representsa performance standard and is not intended to dictate thedesign, materials, or construction of those closures.1.4 Units
7、The values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. The values in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
8、safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2043 Classification for Bicycle Usage2.2 Other Standards:3SAE J526:2000 Welded Low-Carbon Steel Tubing3. Terminology3.1 The term bicycle is defined in Class
9、ification F2043.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bicycle grip, nparts on the handlebar that are meantto be grasped to allow for control and comfort while steeringand operating the bicycle.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe Bicycle Grip may or may notinclude a portion or all of the End Clo
10、sure (see end closure).3.2.2 bicycle leg maximum, na distance measured fromcrank rotation axis to the top center of the seat, with the seatpositioned at the bicycle manufacturers maximum allowedseat adjustment away from the crank axis, Fig. 2.3.2.3 end closure, nend cap, fitting, grip, device, orcom
11、bination of parts intended to close the end of a tubularbicycle handlebar, Fig. 3.3.2.4 grip diameter, ndiameter of the Bicycle Grip wherethe hand is placed for normal riding.3.2.5 grip end diameter, ndiameter of the Bicycle Gripend (largest diameter within 40 mm of the handlebar end).3.2.6 handleba
12、r coupon, nwelded cold-drawn SAE 1018steel tube with deburred edges, used to imitate a handlebar inthe End Closure punch-out test, Fig. 4. Material shall meetSAE J526 specifications.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
13、 and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. DOI:10.1520/F2793-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
14、Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/aerospace.sae.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
15、-2959. United States13.2.7 OEM bar, nthe original equipment manufacturer(OEM) handlebar as supplied, or as specified, with a completebicycle intended to be used with the Bicycle Grip or EndClosure, or both.3.2.8 punch out, vwhen a handlebar penetrates the EndClosure exposing the end of a tubular bic
16、ycle handlebar.FIG. 1 Some Examples of Tubular Handlebar StylesFIG. 2 Bicycle Leg MaximumF2793 1423.2.9 side extending handlebar, na tubular handlebarframe whose tube axis at the location of the Bicycle Grip orEnd Closure, is oriented within a conical region, 60 of parallelto the direction defined b
17、y the axle axis of the steering wheel,when properly mounted on the bicycle.3.2.10 smooth, adjfree from burrs, abrupt indentations, orsharp edges.4. Performance Requirements4.1 The following performance requirements are for BicycleGrips and End Closures to be installed on a Side ExtendingHandlebar.4.
18、1.1 RetentionThe Bicycle Grips and End Closures shallbe secure against a removal force of no less than 66.8 N (15lbf). (Refer to test method 9.1.)FIG. 3 Some Examples of End ClosureFIG. 4 Handlebar CouponF2793 1434.1.2 Punch-OutThe End Closure shall withstand a dropof 100 mm (3.94 in.) ten times loa
19、ded with a mass of 10 kg (22lb) without having more than 270 of End Closure punched outby the OEM bar or Handlebar Coupon. (Refer to the testmethod described in 9.2.)4.1.3 DimensionsFor bicycles with a Bicycle Leg Maxi-mum distance less than or equal to 500 mm (19.7 in.), theappropriate dimensions o
20、f the Bicycle Grip and End Closureshall be determined by use of the go/no-go gauge as describedin Section 9.TEST METHODS5. Summary of Test Method5.1 End Closure Retention TestRetention test shall beperformed to guarantee a minimal removal force required forEnd Closure.5.2 Impact Testing of Handlebar
21、 End ClosuresImpacttesting shall be performed to identify the possibility of PunchOut of the End Closure.5.3 Measuring Grip DiameterThe Bicycle Grip shall bemeasured for outer diameter where the hand is placed fornormal riding/steering.5.4 Measuring Grip End DiameterThe Bicycle Grip endshall be meas
22、ured for overall diameter.6. Significance and Use6.1 These tests are intended to address the Bicycle Grip withregard to steering control, durability and potential reduction ininjury during an accident.7. Apparatus7.1 Requirements for Punch-Out Test (See Fig. 4 and Fig.7):7.1.1 The Punch-Out test is
23、to be performed on an EndClosure mounted on the OEM bar. If an OEM bar is notspecified by the manufacturer use a Handlebar Coupon.7.1.1.1 If the OEM bar is being tested, remove all attach-ments to the handlebar that are not Bicycle Grip or End Closurecomponents. The OEM bar shall be cut to utilize o
24、ne completeend, including grip. The OEM bar shall be discarded after ten(10) drops.7.1.1.2 If the Handlebar Coupon is being used for the test,the end of the Handlebar Coupon inserted into the grip shouldbe smooth. After ten (10) drops are completed, the usedHandlebar Coupon shall be discarded.7.1.2
25、The punch-out test fixture is a free-falling massguided, as with the use of a slide rail or rails, to maintainorientation during the drop; and, with the ability to be raisedand dropped from 100 mm (3.94 in.) onto a defined surfacewith a Bicycle Grip vertically attached. Upon drop, the EndClosure wil
26、l contact the defined surface first.7.1.3 Smooth contact surface should be made of 1018 steelwith a minimum thickness of 6 mm (0.24 in.).7.2 Requirements for Measuring Grip Diameter and GripEnd DiameterThe grip shall be measured using a go/no-gogauge (see Fig. 5) to determine acceptability of Grip D
27、iameterand Grip End Diameter.7.2.1 A = 35 mm (1.38 in.).8. Materials and Conditioning8.1 Tests are to be performed at room temperature between18 to 35C (64.4 to 95F).8.2 All tests shall be performed on production-ready partsand installed as normal for production.9. Procedure9.1 End Closure Retention
28、:9.1.1 The End Closure shall be installed on the OEM bar ina fashion representative of the state of production.9.1.2 Apply a force of 67 N (15 lbf) to the End Closure inthe direction of removal. Maintain the force for one minute.9.1.3 The End Closure shall not be removed from thehandlebar.9.2 End Cl
29、osure Punch-Out Test:9.2.1 Install End Closure onto OEM bar or HandlebarCoupon to form the test sample. The OEM bar may be cut toutilize no less than 75 mm of the straight outboard end of thehandlebar tube. The Bicycle Grip may be cut to utilize no lessFIG. 5 Design for Go/No-Go GaugeF2793 144than 2
30、5 mm of the outboard end, see the example shown in Fig.7. The total weight of the test sample shall be no more than 180g (0.4 lb).9.2.2 Verify contact plate is smooth.9.2.3 Attach the OEM bar, or Handlebar Coupon, and EndClosure to the test fixture with a combined weight of 10 kg (22lb) 6 50 g. The
31、longitudinal axis of the Handlebar Coupon orOEM bar must be perpendicular to the contact plate.9.2.4 Raise the test fixture so that that the lowest point of theEnd Closure sample is 100 mm above the contact plate.Release the test fixture allowing it to freefall until the end ofthe End Closure sample
32、 strikes the contact plate. Verify thevelocity at moment of contact is a minimum of 1.33 m/s, or 95% of 1.40 m/s (100 mm free fall).9.2.4.1 Repeat 9.2.4 nine times, for a total of ten impacts.9.2.5 Examine the end of the End Closure.FIG. 6 Example Punch-Out Test FixtureFIG. 7 Example Punch-Out Test
33、FixtureF2793 1459.2.5.1 If the End Closure has more than 270 of handlebarexposed, as determined by an unaided eye, the End Closure hasfailed the test. Otherwise the test is passed.9.3 Grip Diameter:9.3.1 The Bicycle Grip shall be installed on the OEM bar ina fashion representative of a production st
34、ate.9.3.2 Using the two-pronged end of the go/no-go gauge,straddle the prongs over the midpoint of the Bicycle Grip (thatis, at the point one-half along the length of the grip) makingnote if any resistance is encountered. If the Bicycle Grip fitsbetween the prongs with no resistance, the Bicycle Gri
35、pdiameter is acceptable. If the Bicycle Grip fails to fit betweenthe prongs or requires any applied force to fit, rotate the gaugearound the Bicycle Grip in either direction until the BicycleGrip presents the smallest dimension to the prongs. If theBicycle Grip still does not fit or resistance is en
36、countered, theBicycle Grip diameter is unacceptable (see Fig. 8).9.4 Grip End Diameter:9.4.1 The grip shall be installed on the OEM bar in a fashionrepresentative of the state of production.9.4.2 Using the cylindrical end of the go/no-go gauge,verify that the cylinder does not fit over the end of th
37、e BicycleGrip. If the cylinder does not completely fit (to the full depthof go/no-go gauge) over the Bicycle Grip without the use offorce, the Bicycle Grip end diameter is acceptable. If thecylinder fits completely over the end of the grip with noresistance, the Bicycle Grip end diameter is unaccept
38、able (seeFig. 9).10. Report10.1 A test report shall be prepared with the following:10.1.1 Applicable test method specification.10.1.2 The date and location of the test.10.1.3 The name of the test facility conducting the test.10.1.4 Photographs of test setup.10.1.5 Photographs or description, or both
39、, of all partstested; OEM bar or Handlebar Coupon, Bicycle Grip, or EndClosure, or a combination thereof. These should includeManufacturer name and Part number.10.1.6 Results of all testing within this specification.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Precision and BiasThe test methods in this standardestabl
40、ish minimum consumer performance requirements for anunlimited variety of material and design approaches. These arepass or fail tests for which numerical result variations are notsignificant.12. Keywords12.1 bicycle; end closure; grip diameter; grip end diameter;grips; handlebarFIG. 8 Grip DiameterF2
41、793 146ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such righ
42、ts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional
43、standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM
44、Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the abovea
45、ddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 9 Grip End DiameterF2793 147
