1、Designation: F2794 09 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forLevel 1 (Basic) Mounted Search and Rescue (MSAR)Responder1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2794; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills,and abilities (KSA) required for an MSAR responder and theireq
3、uine during the deployment involving lost or missing per-sons and related non-technical rescue skills used to stabilize orminimize a missing person (subject) from remaining in peril.1.2 MSAR users of the guide shall meet or hold the certifiedequivalent KSA defined in Guide F2209.1.3 Users of this st
4、andard should, at minimum, have pre-existing basic horsemanship skills that are equivalent to what ispublished within: The United States Pony Club Manual ofHorsemanship: Basics for Beginners/D Level (1).21.4 Users of this standard should be aware of other MSARstandards, requirements, guidelines, pol
5、icies, procedures, orprotocols, or combinations thereof that have been establishedand which may be under the jurisdiction of federal, state, tribal,local, or other regional authorities (for examples of two (USA)state level MSAR standards, see Refs 2 and 3).1.5 This standard does not purport to addre
6、ss all of thesafety issues (or safety plans) if any, associated with its use. Itis the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use or as definedwithin a (regional or geographical
7、) response region.1.6 This standard is created without bias to the type of tack,gear, packs, first aid supplies, personal protective equipment(for self or equine), or riding discipline that is practiced by theMSAR responder.1.7 This standard does not address the mounted evacuationof a subject, altho
8、ugh an AHJ may determine when and if amounted evacuation would be appropriate and what localprotocols will be implemented.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F2209 Guide for Training of Level I Land Search TeamMember3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 ponyin
9、g, nthe act of leading another equine whilethe rider is mounted on an equine3.1.2 response region, nthe normal area of operationwhere MSAR responders primarily respond. Some local re-gions may also refer to such a response area as their “first duearea” or may include potential for crossing county, s
10、tate/province or even national borders, or both.3.1.3 tack, nspecialized gear or equipment attached to theMSAR equine, which could include bridle with reins, girthsaddle, or saddle bags, or combinations thereof.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide establishes minimum standards criteria forMSAR pers
11、onnel. Users of this guide shall have the ability tobe a self-supporting deployable resource (for self and equine)and should be self-supporting while at base camp for aminimum duration of 24 h.4.2 At no time will this standard supersede any establishedprotocol of international, national, federal, st
12、ate, tribal, local, orregional governments.4.3 MSAR responders work with a variety of individualsand organizations, including law enforcement, fire and rescue,casual volunteers and family members of the missing sub-ject(s).4.4 This standard does not address the wearing of a ridinghelmet while deploy
13、ed on an MSAR mission. However, usersof this standard shall be aware that many AHJs require the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved March 1, 2014
14、. Published April 2014. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2794 09. DOI:10.1520/F2794-09R14.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontac
15、t ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1wearing of riding helmets
16、 while deployed on an MSARmission and out of area response may require wearing a ridinghelmet.5. Performance Requirements (Procedures)5.1 This standard does not address any particular species,breed, size, or gender of the equine family (the most commonequines used in MSAR are horses and mules). All
17、MSARequines shall be in compliance of all regional veterinaryrequirements. However, the animal shall have the stamina forlong hours of work under varied conditions of terrain andweather found within the response region. In order to beconsidered as an MSAR responder, the responder or equine orboth sh
18、all be able to:5.1.1 Equine to demonstrate the ability to be well-mannered, sociable, non-aggressive, and controllable in situa-tions involving individuals or crowds, noise, traffic, flashinglights, other equines, dogs or other domestic animals, and otherdistractions encountered.5.1.2 Equine to demo
19、nstrate the ability to be transportedbetween search sites easily with the ability to safely load andunload into and from a transportation rig/vehicle or trailer, andwhile deployed stand quietly while tethered.5.1.3 Demonstrate the ability to work independently ofother equines while under saddle, as
20、well as with other equines.5.1.4 Demonstrate the ability to willingly move forward ina variety of gaits (that is, walk, trot, rack, or canter, orcombinations thereof) and stop on command by the rider.5.1.5 Demonstrate the ability to turn left and right oncommand by the rider.5.1.6 Demonstrate the ab
21、ility to turn 180 degrees withinclose quarters by the rider.5.1.7 Demonstrate the ability to move backwards on com-mand by the rider.5.1.8 Demonstrate the ability to ford creeks/streams, andcross bridges and roadways.5.1.9 Rider and equine demonstrate the ability to safelynegotiate obstacles or haza
22、rds commonly found within thenormal response region or both.5.1.10 Equine demonstrates the ability to be ponied byanother equine as well as pony another equine. Rider demon-strate the appropriate related KSA.5.1.11 Demonstrate the ability to stand quietly while undersaddle on varied terrain conditio
23、ns up to angles of 40 degrees.5.1.12 Rider and equine must demonstrate the ability toperform in the environments commonly found within theresponse area (that is, rain, fog, heat, cold). Nothing within thisguide precludes an Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) orResponsibleAuthority from adding addit
24、ional requirements forMSAR responders within their region. Some AHJs mayrequire a higher KSA level for MSAR night deployment.6. Equine and Rider Field KSA Evaluation Process6.1 In order to validate basic MSAR knowledge, skills, andabilities (see Refs 1-3), equine and rider evaluations should becondu
25、cted in a controlled environment on an individual basis.It is recommended that two MSAR evaluators observe eachequine and rider during the evaluation or validation process.6.2 MSAR equine and rider shall be evaluated prior tobecoming a deployable resource and should retest an evalua-tion every 3 yea
26、rs, or at the recommended intervals asprescribed by the AHJ.6.3 MSAR personnel with more than one mount shall teston each additional equine at intervals as prescribed by theAHJ.7. Keywords7.1 equine; horse; mounted; MSAR; ponyingREFERENCES(1) The United States Pony Club Manual of Horsemanship: Basic
27、s forBeginners/D Level (Howell reference books, by Susan E. Harris,ISBN: 978-0-87605-952-4), or an equivalent basic horsemanshipmanual used within an MSAR region of operation.(2) Virginia Department of Emergency Management, 2006 Equine SARStandards http:/ Maine Association for Search and Rescue Moun
28、ted SAR Standard.Rev08February 2004 http:/ fication/Mounted%20Team%20Certification%20Standard%20Rev%200.pdf.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised t
29、hat determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapp
30、roved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you
31、feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual r
32、eprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2794 09 (2014)2
