1、Designation: F2799 14Standard Practice forMaintenance of Aircraft Electrical Wiring Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2799; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 DefinitionThis practice defines acceptable practicesand processes for the maintenance, preventative maintenance,and repair of electric sys
3、tems in general aviation aircraft. Thispractice does not change or create any additional regulatoryrequirements nor does it authorize changes in or permitdeviations from existing regulatory requirements.1.2 ApplicabilityThe guidance provided in this practice isdirected to air carriers, air operators
4、, maintenance providers,repair stations, and anyone performing maintenance or repairs.1.3 Protections and WarningsThis practice provides guid-ance to minimize contamination and accidental damage toelectrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS) while work-ing on aircraft.1.4 “Protect and Clean As Y
5、ou Go” PhilosophyThisphilosophy is applied to aircraft wiring through inclusion inoperatorsmaintenance and training programs. This philosophystresses the importance of protective measures when workingon or around wire bundles and connectors. It stresses howimportant it is to protect EWIS during stru
6、ctural repairs, (STC)installations, or other alterations by ensuring that metalshavings, debris, and contamination resulting from such workare removed.1.5 UnitsThe values given in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI un
7、its that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1When SI units are required, refer to Annex 5 of ICAO.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to estab
8、lish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2490 Guide for Aircraft Electrical Load and Power SourceCapacity AnalysisF2639 Practice for Design, Alteration, and Certification ofAirpla
9、ne Electrical Wiring Systems2.2 ICAO Standard:ICAO Annex 5 Units of Measurement to Be Used in Air andGround Operations32.3 JEDEC Standard:EIA 471 Symbol and Label for Electrostatic Sensitive De-vices42.4 NEMA Standard:WC 27500 Standards for Aerospace and Industrial ElectricCable52.5 RTCA Standard:DO
10、-160C Environmental Conditions and Test Proceduresfor Airborne Equipment62.6 SAE Standards:AS 4372 Performance Requirements for Wire, Electric, In-sulated Copper or Copper Alloy7AS 4373 Test Methods for Insulated Electric Wire7AS 21919 Clamp, Loop Type, Cushioned Support7AS 50881 Wiring Aerospace Ve
11、hicle7ARP 1870 Aerospace Systems Electrical Bonding andGrounding for Electromagnetic Compatibility and Safety7ARP 1928 Torque Recommendations for Attaching Electri-cal Wiring Devices to Terminal Boards or Blocks, Studs,Posts, Etc.72.7 Federal Standards:Advisory Circular 20-53A Protection of Aircraft
12、 Fuel Sys-tems against Fuel Vapor Ignition due to Lightning1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F39 on AircraftSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F39.02 on Inspection,Maintenance, and Repair.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Origin
13、allyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2799 09. DOI:10.1520/F2799-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Documen
14、t Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ICAO, Customer Services Unit, 999 University St., Montreal,Quebec, H3C 5H7, Canada.4Available from the JEDEC Solid State Technology Association, 3103 N. 10thSt., Suite 240-S, Arlington, VA 22201.5Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Assoc
15、iation (NEMA), 1300N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.6Available from RTCA, Inc., 1828 LSt., NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036.7Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.Copyright ASTM Interna
16、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1MIL-C-22520/2C Crimping Tools, Terminal, Hand, WireTerminationMIL-S-8802 Sealing Compound, Temperature-Resistant, In-tegral Fuel Tanks and Fuel Cell Cavities, High AdhesionMIL-T-7928 Terminal, Lug Splices, Co
17、nductors, CrimpStyle, CopperMIL-T-43435 Tape, Lacing and TyingMS17821 Specification for Cable and Marker Color CodeNumbersMS17822 Specification for Cable and Marker Color CodeNumbersNAVAIR 01-1A-505 Installation PracticesAircraft Elec-tric and Electronic Wiring3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 mai
18、ntenance, ninspection, overhaul, repair,preservation, and the replacement of parts but excludes pre-ventive maintenance.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 electrical wiring interconnection system (EWIS),nas used in this practice, any wire, wiring device, orcombination of these,
19、 including termination devices, installedin any area of the aircraft for the purpose of transmittingelectrical energy between two or more intended terminationpoints.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 ACalternating current3.3.2 CFCcarbon fiber composite3.3.3 DCdirect current3.3.4 EDSelectronic data system3.3.5 EMIel
20、ectromagnetic interference3.3.6 ESDelectrostatic discharge3.3.7 EWISelectrical wiring interconnection system3.3.8 ICAOInternational Civil Aviation Organization3.3.9 NiCadnickel cadmium3.3.10 OEMoriginal equipment manufacturer3.3.11 PCpersonal computer3.3.12 PTFEpolytetrafluoroethylene3.3.13 RFradio
21、frequency3.3.14 SOCstate of charge3.3.15 STCsupplemental-type certificate3.3.16 SWAMPsevere wind and moisture problem3.3.17 UVultraviolet4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is intended to be used as a standard wiringpractice for aircraft when not contrary to standards publishedby the aircraft o
22、riginal equipment manufacturer (OEM) orregulations. This practice is intended to be used for mainte-nance and preventive maintenance of electrical wiring inter-connection systems (EWIS).4.2 This practice is not intended to supersede or replace anygovernment specification or specific manufacturers in
23、struc-tions regarding EWIS maintenance or repair.5. Maintenance5.1 Electrical Systems:5.1.1 Maintenance:5.1.1.1 Scheduled and unscheduled maintenance activities,if done improperly, may contribute to long-term problems anddegradation of wiring. Certain repairs may have limited dura-bility and shall b
24、e evaluated to ascertain if rework is necessary.Repairs that conform to manufacturers recommended mainte-nance practices are generally considered permanent and shouldnot require rework. Care shall be taken to prevent unduecollateral damage to EWIS while performing maintenance onother systems. Metal
25、shavings and debris have been discoveredon wire bundles after maintenance, repairs, or modificationshave been performed. Care shall be taken to protect wirebundles and connectors during maintenance and repair. Workareas should be cleaned while the work progresses to ensurethat all shavings and debri
26、s are removed. The work area shouldbe thoroughly cleaned after work is complete, and the areashall be inspected after the final cleaning. Maintenance,repairs, and alterations should be performed using the mosteffective methods available to protect the surrounding EWIS.Since wire splices are more sus
27、ceptible to degradation, arcing,and overheating, the recommended method of repairing a wireis with an environmentally sealed splice. (WarningForpersonal safety and to avoid the possibility of fire, turn off allelectrical power before starting an inspection of the aircraftelectrical system or perform
28、ing maintenance.)5.1.1.2 Repair of any system component that fails an elec-trical measurement test shall conform to manufacturers in-structions and, in lieu of manufacturers manuals, PracticeF2639 or appropriate regulatory guidance materials.5.1.1.3 Wire bundles should be routed in accessible areast
29、hat are protected from damage from personnel, cargo, andmaintenance activity. They should not be routed in areas wherethey are likely to be used as handholds or as support forpersonal equipment or where they could become damagedduring removal of aircraft equipment.5.1.1.4 Replacement wires (see Tabl
30、es 1 and 2) should beclamped so that contact with equipment and structure isavoided. Where this cannot be accomplished, extra protectionin the form of grommets, chafe strips, and so forth, should beprovided. Protective grommets shall be used wherever wirescannot be clamped in a way that ensures at l
31、east a38-in.(9.5-mm) clearance from structure at penetrations.5.1.1.5 Wire should not have a preload against the cornersor edges of chafing strips or grommets. Wiring shall be routedaway from high-temperature equipment and lines to preventdeterioration of insulation. Protective flexible conduits sho
32、uldbe made of a material and design that eliminates the potentialof chafing between their internal wiring and the conduitinternal walls.5.1.1.6 Replacement wires that shall be routed acrosshinged panels should be routed and clamped so that the bundlewill twist, rather than bend, when the panel is mo
33、ved.F2799 1425.1.2 General:5.1.2.1 The term “electrical wiring interconnection system(EWIS)” as used in this practice means any wire, wiringdevice, or combination of these, including termination devices,installed in any area of the aircraft for the purpose oftransmitting electrical energy between tw
34、o or more intendedtermination points.5.1.2.2 The satisfactory performance of an aircraft is depen-dent upon the continued reliability of the electrical system.Damaged wiring or equipment in an aircraft, regardless of howminor it may appear to be, cannot be tolerated. Reliability ofthe system is prop
35、ortional to the amount of maintenancereceived and the knowledge of those who perform suchmaintenance. It is, therefore, important that maintenance beaccomplished using the best techniques and practices tominimize the possibility of failure.5.1.3 Cleaning and Preservation:5.1.3.1 Annual cleaning of e
36、lectrical equipment to removedust, dirt, and grime is recommended.5.1.3.2 If terminals and mating surfaces are corroded ordirty, suitable solvents or fine abrasives that will not score thesurface or remove the plating may be used to clean them. Onlycleaning agents that do not leave any type of resid
37、ue shall beused. Avoid using emery cloth to polish commutators or slipTABLE 1 Open WiringDocumentVoltage Rating(Maximum)Rated WireTemperature, CInsulation Type Conductor TypeMIL-W-22759/1A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated TFE and TFE coated glass Silver-coated copperMIL-W-22759/2A600 260 Fluoropolymer
38、-insulated TFE and TFE coated glass Nickel-coated copperMIL-W-22759/3A600 260 Fluoropolymer-insulated TFE-glass-TFE Nickel-coated copperMIL-W-22759/4A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated TFE-glass-FEP Silver-coated copperMIL-W-22759/5A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Silver-coated copperMIL-W
39、-22759/6A600 260 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Nickel-coated copperMIL-W-22759/7A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Silver-coated copperMIL-W-22759/8A600 260 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Nickel-coated copperMIL-W-22759/9A1000 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Silver-c
40、oated copperMIL-W-22759/10A1000 260 Fluoropolymer-insulated Nickel-coated copperMIL-W-22759/13A600 135 Fluoropolymer-insulated FEP PVF2 Tin-coated copper,MIL-W-22759/16A600 150 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded ETFE Tin-coated copper,MIL-W-22759/17A600 150 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded ETFE Silver
41、-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/20A1000 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Silver-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/21A1000 260 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Nickel-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/34A600 150 Fluoropolymer-insulated cross-linked modi
42、fied ETFE Tin-coated copperMIL-W-22759/35A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated cross-linked modified ETFE Silver-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/41A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated cross-linked modified ETFE Nickel-coated copperMIL-W-22759/42A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated cross-linked modif
43、ied ETFE Nickel-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/43A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated cross-linked modified ETFE Silver-coated copperM1L-W-25038/3/2/ 600 260 See specification sheetBSee specification sheetBMIL-W-81044/6 600 150 Cross-linked polyalkene Tin-coated copperMIL-W-81044/7 600 150
44、 Cross-linked polyalkene Silver-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-81044/9 600 150 Cross-linked polyalkene Tin-coated copperMIL-W-81044/10 600 150 Cross-linked polyalkene Silver-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-81044/12 600 150 Cross-linked polyalkene Tin-coated copperAMIL-W-22759 has been
45、 replaced by SAE AS 22759.BInorganic fibersglassTFE.TABLE 2 Protected WiringDocumentVoltage Rating(Maximum)Rated WireTemperature, CInsulation Type Conductor TypeMIL-W-22759/11A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Silver-coated copperMIL-W-22759/12A600 260 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE
46、 Nickel-coated copperMIL-W-22759/14A600 135 Fluoropolymer-insulated FEP-PVF2 Tin-coated copperMIL-W-22759/15A600 135 Fluoropolymer-insulated FEP-PVF2 Silver-plated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/18A600 150 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded ETFE Tin-coated copperMIL-W-22759/19A600 150 Fluoropol
47、ymer-insulated extruded ETFE Silver-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/22A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Silver-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/23A600 260 Fluoropolymer-insulated extruded TFE Nickel-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/32A600 150 Fluoropo
48、lymer-insulated cross-linked modified ETFE Tin-coated copperMIL-W-22759/33A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated cross-linked modified ETFE Silver-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-22759/44A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated cross-linked modified ETFE Silver-coated copperMIL-W-22759/45A600 200 Fluoropol
49、ymer-insulated cross-linked modified ETFE Nickel-coated copperMIL-W-22759/46A600 200 Fluoropolymer-insulated cross-linked modified ETFE Nickel-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-81044/13 600 150 Cross-linked polyalkene PVF2 Silver-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-81381/17 600 200 Fluorocarbon polyamide Silver-coated copperMIL-W-81381/18 600 200 Fluorocarbon polyamide Nickel-coated copperMIL-W-81381/19 600 200 Fluorocarbon polyamide Silver-coated high-strength copper alloyMIL-W-81381/20 600 200 Fluorocarbon polyamide Nickel-coated hi
