1、Designation: F2803 09Standard Test Method forEvaluating Rim Slip Performance of Tires and Wheels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is performed to determine the amountof rotational slip occurring at the tire/wheel interface whileunder heavy longit
3、udinal load conditions.1.2 This test method is suitable for research and develop-ment purposes where tires are compared during a single seriesof tests. They may not be suitable for regulatory statutes orspecification acceptance because the values obtained may notnecessarily agree or correlate either
4、 in rank order or absoluteperformance level with those obtained under other environ-mental conditions on other surfaces or the same surface afteradditional use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standa
5、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
6、M Standards:2F538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of Tires2.2 SAE Standards:3SAE J2013 Military Tire GlossarySAE J670e Vehicle Dynamics Terminology3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bead, nof a tire, the part of a tire that comes incontact with the rim and is shaped to
7、secure the tire to the rim.F5383.1.2 candidate tire, ntest tire that is part of a testprogram. F5383.1.3 control tire, nreference tire used in a specifiedmanner throughout a test program. F5383.1.4 deflection, ndifference between the unloaded andloaded section heights. SAE J20133.1.5 drawbar, ndevic
8、e for coupling a hauling vehicle toa load.3.1.6 dynamometer, nmachine used to measure torqueand rotational speed (rpm) from which power produced by anengine, motor or other rotating prime mover can be calculated.3.1.6.1 DiscussionFor the purpose of this test method, adynamometer can be any vehicle o
9、r trailer that can be towedand produce longitudinal resistance.3.1.7 longitudinal force, nof a tire, the component of thetire force vector in the X direction. F5383.1.8 longitudinal slip velocity L/T, neffective rollingradius multiplied by the difference between the spin velocity(in rad/unit time) o
10、f a driven or braked tire and that of a freerolling tire when each is traveling in a straight line. F5383.1.9 maximum load rating M, nof a passenger tire, theload rating at the maximum permissible cold inflation pressurefor that tire. F5383.1.10 paved road, ntwo or more lanes, all weather,maintained
11、, hard surface roads with good driving visibilityused for heavy and high-density traffic, in accordance with theU.S. Federal Highway Administration. F5383.1.11 rim, nspecially shaped circular periphery to whicha tire may be mounted with appropriate bead fitment. F5383.1.12 rim slip, ncircumferential
12、 distance along the rimflange between the corresponding marks.3.1.13 section height, nradial height of a tire section,expressed as one half the difference between the outsidediameter of the unloaded tire and the nominal rim diameter; theoutside diameter is measured on a tire-wheel assembly with thet
13、ire inflated to rated inflation pressure. F5383.1.14 sidewall, nof a tire, that portion of a tire betweenthe tread and the bead. F5383.1.15 test, ntechnical procedure performed on an object(or set of objects) using specified equipment, that producesdata, which are used to evaluate or model selected
14、properties orcharacteristics of the object (or set of objects). F5381This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. DOI:10.1520/F2803
15、-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
16、 Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.16 test tire, ntire used in a test. F5383.1.17 torque FL, nof a wheel, the external torqueapplied to a tire from a vehicle about th
17、e wheel spin axis.F5383.1.18 tractive effort, ntotal force output of the tractiondevice acting parallel to the surface of the ground and in thedirection of travel of a driving wheel.3.1.18.1 DiscussionTractive effort is expressed as a ratioof load to vehicle weight. SAE J20134. Summary of Test Metho
18、d4.1 This test method is used to quantify the amount a driventire rotates relative to a rim under severe conditions. Thismethod is designed to produce the greatest amount of rim slipin the shortest amount of time using a test vehicle that iscapable of 60 % tractive effort. The 60 % tractive effort i
19、s atarget from military requirements but can be adjusted to fit acommercial application. This test method can be modified toaccommodate different objectives including longer distances orvarious drawbar loads. Test tire results are compared to acontrol tire to evaluate the relative change in performa
20、nce andto negate affects from environmental conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure ofcomparative testing, for driven wheel rim slip, between candi-date tire group(s) and a control tire group. This test method issuitable for research and development pu
21、rposes where tire andrim specimens are compared during a brief testing time period.They may not be suitable for regulatory or specificationacceptance purposes because the values obtained may notnecessarily agree or correlate, either in rank order or absolutevalue, with those obtained under other con
22、ditions (for example,different locations or different seasonal time periods on thesame test course).6. Interferences6.1 The absolute values of the parameters obtained with thistest method are dependent upon the characteristics of thevehicle, the selected test pavement(s), and the environmentalcondit
23、ions at the test course. A change in any of these factorsmay change the absolute values and may also change therelative rating of the tires and wheels so tested. It is recom-mended that all testing occur at similar conditions and in asshort a time frame as possible to reduce this variability.6.2 Whe
24、el condition, lubrication, and the elapsed time fromtire mounting may affect the results of testing. It is recom-mended tires are mounted consistently, without lube if pos-sible, between tire and wheel specimens.7. Apparatus7.1 The testing apparatus shall consist of a wheeled vehiclecapable of provi
25、ding consistent torque to the test wheellocations, a dynamometer, load cell, calibrated speedometer,and tire/wheel specimens. The test course shall be a smooth,less than 2 % grade, dry pavement surface. The surface andambient temperature must be above 0C (32F).8. Reagents and Materials8.1 This test
26、method requires a paint pen or equivalentdevice capable of marking tires and rim surfaces.9. Hazards9.1 The towing vehicle shall be secured with a load cell anda cable/drawbar that is suitable to provide safety for testingpersonnel.10. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units10.1 The speed and drawb
27、ar load data shall be acquired at aminimum of 10 Hz. The speed data shall be accurate to 61km/h (0.6 mph). The drawbar load cell shall be accurate towithin 2 % for the maximum reading.10.2 Prior to testing, the tires and wheels shall be marked onthe side facing away from the test vehicle. Two lines
28、shall bemade at the valve stem with a paint pen or suitable marker,across the tire bead and rim a minimum of 6 cm (2.5 in.) oneach surface. A similar single mark shall be made 180 radialdegrees on the same face of the tire. Refer to Fig. 1 for exampletire and rim markings.10.3 All units in this test
29、 method are listed in SI units; theresults of testing may be presented in the units chosen by testpersonnel.11. Preparation of Apparatus11.1 The test vehicle shall be loaded so that each wheelposition shall be within 5 % of the maximum load rating foreach test tire at a minimum of two wheel position
30、s.11.2 The test vehicle shall be driven at an operating speedless than 40 km/h (25 mph) for a minimum of 5 min to warmup the drive train components.11.3 After warm up, the test vehicle shall be attached to thedynamometer to begin test.11.4 Preparation of tire and wheel specimens shall beconsistent t
31、o minimize any variables such as lubrication orimproper bead seating.FIG. 1 Example Tire and Rim Markings Prior to TestingF2803 09212. Calibration and Standardization12.1 Test speed shall be measured using a calibrated devicesuch as a GPS or a fifth wheel. Drawbar load shall be measuredusing a calib
32、rated load cell or equivalent device. Rim slip shallbe measured using a calibrated flexible ruler or tape that willnot be affected by bending.13. Conditioning13.1 A minimum of 160 km (100 miles) of break in arerequired for each test tire. It is recommended that all tiresgroups have a similar amount
33、of break in.14. Procedure14.1 At no time is a tire longitudinal slip velocity greaterthan 8 km/h (5 mph) acceptable and will cause a void of the testresults.14.2 The tires shall be inflated to their recommended coldoperating pressures, or other value as specified by the end user.Additional testing i
34、s recommended at an off road tire pressure,typical at 25 to 30 % tire deflection.14.3 The vehicle shall be driven with a towed drawbar loadthat is equal to 40 % tractive effort initially, and a second testat 60 % tractive effort. If the test vehicle is not capable ofproducing the required load, the
35、vehicle shall be driven at23 ofthe maximum tractive effort at a test speed of 8 km/h (5 mph)and at a second load that is equal to the maximum tractiveeffort.14.4 Test duration is 15 min.14.5 At the conclusion of test each test wheel location shallbe photographed to include the entire rim and tire as
36、sembly. Aminimum of one additional photo per wheel is required toinclude the marks made at the valve stem as well as the twomarkings made on the tire. The final inflation pressure shall bemeasured and recorded.14.6 The rim slip shall be measured using a flexible mea-suring tape that is capable of fl
37、exing around the tire rim. Referto Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for measurements examples. The rim slipis the measured circumferential distance along the rim flangebetween the corresponding marks. Measurements are to bemade on the corresponding leading edge of each line to excludethe thickness of the line.15.
38、Calculation or Interpretation of Results15.1 The average test speed, average drawbar load, andmeasured rim slip for each wheel position are tabulated as ameans of comparison between the candidate and control tiregroups. Comparisons shall be made at equivalent wheel posi-tions. This standard assumes
39、a single run for each tire group, anaverage of multiple tests may be done at the discretion of thetest operators.16. Report16.1 Report the following information:16.1.1 Test vehicle used, gross vehicle load (mass),16.1.2 Method used: ASTM XXXX Rim Slip Test,16.1.3 Procedure used, and16.1.4 Instrument
40、ation used.16.2 For each test event report the following:16.2.1 Test date,16.2.2 Pavement condition,16.2.3 Tire size, name, and manufacturer,16.2.4 Rim size, contour, and manufacturer,16.2.5 Ambient temperature, C (F),16.2.6 Average test speeds, km/h (mph),16.2.7 Average drawbar load, N (lb),16.2.8
41、Initial tire inflation pressure, kPa (psi),16.2.9 Final tire inflation pressure, kPa (psi),16.2.10 Tire break in, km (miles),16.2.11 Rim slip for each wheel position, cm (in.), and16.2.12 A statement that tires did not slip relative to thepavement during test.FIG. 2 Example Tire and Rim Markings Pos
42、t TestFIG. 3 Example Measurement PointsF2803 09317. Precision and Bias17.1 PrecisionData are not yet available, therefore nostatement on the repeatability or reproducibility of the testmethod can be made.17.2 BiasThere are no standards or reference values withwhich the results of this test method ca
43、n be compared;therefore, bias cannot be evaluated.18. Keywords18.1 bead slip; rim slipANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. RIM SLIP REPORTA1.1 Example Report FormSee Table A1.1.TABLE A1.1 Example Report FormTest Vehicle: MakeModelLeft Front Right Front Left Rear Right RearRecommended InflationPressure:GV
44、WR:Measured Vehicle Weight:Total Vehicle Weight:Target Drawbar Load:Instrumentation: Cal Date Cal Due Date Accuracy MaximumReadingLoad Cell:Speed:Test Results: Test DateAmbient Temperature:Pavement Condition:Tire Size, Name, andManufacturer:Rim Size, Contour, andManufacturer:Average Test Speed:Targe
45、t Drawbar Load:Average Drawbar Load:Left Front Right Front Left Rear Right RearInitial Inflation Pressure:Final Inflation Pressure:Rim Slip:Did the Tire Slip Relative toPavement?: (y/n)F2803 094APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. TEST METHOD OPTIONSX1.1 This test method measures the rim slip in un
46、its oflength along the circumference of the flange edge of the rim.For control and candidate tires of different rim diameters, itmay be required to calculate the rim slip in angular units.X1.2 If rim slip is found or expected to be greater than ornear an entire rotation of the tire relative to the r
47、im, themeasurement method may require additional testing equip-ment. The following options can be used to accommodate thisresult:X1.2.1 Reduction of drawbar load.X1.2.2 Reduction of test duration.X1.2.3 If quantification of the rim slip at this condition isrequired, a string can be attached to the h
48、ub and fixed to the tiresidewall using a suitable adhesive. The string shall be attachednear the hub in a way that it will wind around a shaft as the tirerotates relative to the wheel. An example of this alternate testsetup is shown in Fig. X1.1. If the number of winds is greaterthan one, the rim sl
49、ip shall be added to the number of windsthat the string has made around the shaft multiplied by thecircumference of the outer flange of the rim.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible techn
