1、Designation: F2825 10 (Reapproved 2015)F2825 18Standard Practice forClimatic Stressing of Packaging Systems for Single ParcelDelivery1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2825; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis for evaluating, in a laboratory, the ability of a packagi
3、ng system to withstand a rangeof climatic stresses that a packaging system may be exposed to during distribution throughout the world and still provide theproduct protection from damage or alteration.1.2 This practice is designed as conditioning prior to testing for overnight or two-day delivery sys
4、tems of a single parcelpackaging system or as a standalone test for climatic stressing of packaging systems.NOTE 1Practice F2825 climatic stressing or conditioning is short term in duration. Fiberboard containers are not expected to approach equilibriummoisture content at the climatic conditions use
5、d in Practice F2825. Therefore, Practice F2825 conditioning should not be used for distributionenvironments other than one- to two-day single parcel delivery as it may provide inaccurate or misleading test results for the fiberboard containers.1.3 This practice does not cover refrigerated, frozen fo
6、od storage, or cryogenic storage conditions. Only the climaticenvironments encountered in various regions of the world are covered by this practice.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The values stated in i
7、nch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t
8、he responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standard
9、izationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Envi
10、ronmentsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for TestingE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)F17 Terminology Relating to Primary Barrier Packaging2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 2233 PackagingCom
11、plete, Filled Transport Packages: Conditioning for Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions used in this practice, see Terminologies D996 and F17.3.1.2 climatic stressingexposing packaging system test samples to conditions of temperature and humidity for a specifiedperiod of time w
12、hich would simulate expected conditions seen in the defined storage and distribution system.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers andSystems - Application of Performance Test Methods
13、.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015March 1, 2018. Published October 2015April 2018. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 asF2825 101.(2015). DOI: 10.1520/F282510R15.10.1520/F282518.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactAS
14、TM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document
15、 is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appr
16、opriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Practice4.1 Products shipped through the distri
17、bution environment, regardless of mode of transportation, encounter various climatic andphysical environments as they pass through different parts of the world at various times of the year. This practice is designed toprovide guidance when establishing the climatic stresses imparted to packaging sys
18、tems using expected climatic conditions anddurations that they can encounter in distribution in order to evaluate its ability to provide protection to the package contents ordevices.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides a method for conditioning packaging systems using climatic condition
19、s that occur in actualdistribution. The recommended exposure levels are based on available information on shipping, handling and storageenvironments, current industry practices, and published studies.They are not absolute extremes, but recorded daily averages in coldand hot climates of the world.6.
20、Apparatus6.1 Room (or Cabinet) of such size that sample containers or packages may be individually exposed to circulating air at thetemperature and relative humidity chosen.6.1.1 Control Apparatus, capable of maintaining the room at the required atmospheric conditions within the tolerance limits.6.2
21、 HygrometerThe instrument used to indicate the relative humidity should be accurate to 62 % relative humidity. Apsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement of relative humidity or for checking the hygrometer (see Test MethodE337).6.3 ThermometerAny temperature-measuring device may be used
22、 provided it can accurately indicate the temperature towithin 0.1C or 0.2F. The dry-bulb thermometer of the psychrometer may be used either for direct measurement or for checkingthe temperature-indicating device.7. Procedure7.1 Define Packaging SystemDescribe the packaging system in terms of size, w
23、eight, and materials of construction andestablish the unit of test (shipping box, multipack, pallet load, and so forth).7.2 Identify the various modes and durations of transportation that will be used to store and distribute the products to customers.For example, the product will be delivered to its
24、 destination via truck and air over a two-day transit period.7.3 When used as a standalone test, predetermine the acceptance criteria.7.4 Write a test plan using the sequence, conditions and exposure times cited in Table 1. If data is available for the usersdistribution environment indicating differ
25、ent conditions and exposure times, they should be used.NOTE 2Exposing packaging system materials to warm/humid climatic stresses first may cause the materials to absorb moisture that may remain withthe materials throughout the remaining exposures.7.5 Conditions and exposure times may be based on kno
26、wn storage and distribution systems and conditions.7.6 Test Specimen:7.6.1 Test specimens should consist of representative packaging systems, including actual contents or devices. Contents withblemishes or minor defects may be used if the defective component is not to be studied and if the defect is
27、 documented in thereport. Simulated contents are also acceptable as long as they duplicate the load characteristics of the actual contents.7.6.2 Care must be taken to ensure that no degradation has occurred to both the packaging system and the contents prior toinitiating the climatic stress exposure
28、. This is particularly important in situations where the samples are shipped to a remote testsite.7.7 Perform climatic conditioning per the plan.TABLE 1 Climatic ConditionsNOTE 1The time between each condition should be documented in the test plan. It can be determined by the user. It may be as litt
29、le as no time betweenconditions (worst case) or up to several hours depending on factors as distribution environment data, test facility capacities and test schedules. If theanticipated time between exposures will exceed one hour, a controlled storage condition such as 23 5C and 50 10 % relative hum
30、idity (RH) shouldbe considered.Condition Description Temperature Relative Humidity Exposure Time1 Cold 20 3C not specified 4 h +30 min/02 Controlled Room Conditions 23 5C 50 10 % See Note above3 Hot/Dry 50 3C 25 5 % 4 h +30 min/04 Controlled Room Conditions 23 5C 50 10 % See Note above5 Warm/Humid 3
31、0 3C 90 5 % 4 h +30 min/06 Controlled Room Conditions 23 5C 50 10 % See Note aboveEditorially corrected.F2825 1827.8 Continue with the packaging system performance test or evaluate the results of the conditioning against any predeterminedacceptance criteria when performing a standalone test.8. Clima
32、tic Conditions8.1 The conditions listed in Table 1 are based on industry experience, global climate, time products spend in distribution systemsand guidance from Practice D4332 and ISO 2233.9. Report9.1 The report shall include the following:9.1.1 Temperature, relative humidity, and time of exposure
33、.9.1.1.1 Preconditioning atmosphere and time of exposure when used.9.1.2 Statement of compliance with this procedure.9.1.3 Variations from this procedure, including the testing temperature and relative humidity, if different from the conditioningatmosphere, the time elapsed, and so forth.9.1.4 When
34、used as a standalone test, whether the acceptance criteria have been met and the nature of noncompliance.10. Precision and Bias10.1 A statement of precision and bias is not applicable to this practice.11. Keywords11.1 desert; distribution environment; freeze; handling; packaging systems; shipping; s
35、torage conditions; transit; tropicalBIBLIOGRAPHY(1) Ritter, S., “How Hot? How Wet? How High?”,Valley Labs, Boulder CO, ISTA Con 2001 Conference.(2) Kipp , B. and Russell, P., “European Express Shipping/Drop/Impact Study”, International Safe Transit Association Dimensions 06 Conference.(3) Cowland, R
36、., “Global Thermal Profile Development”, International Safe Transit Association Dimensions 07 Conference.(4) “Climates of the World,” published by the US Department of Commerce and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
37、any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to r
38、evision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. You
39、r comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copy
40、righted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 183
