1、Designation: F2870 11F2870 16Standard Specification for315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference TestTire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the 315/70R22.5 154/150L radial truck standard reference t
3、est tire.The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wearperformance evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that requirea reference tire.1.1.1 Other standa
4、rd reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.1.2 This specification provides a 22.5 rim diameter code standard truck tire design and construction, standard dimensions, andspecifies the conditions of storage.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regar
5、ded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityo
6、f the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD2240 Test Method for Rubber Pr
7、opertyDurometer HardnessD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing StandardVulcanized SheetsE867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test TireF538 Terminology Relat
8、ing to the Characteristics and Performance of TiresF2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test TireF2871 Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test TireF2872 Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Tes
9、t Tire2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 868 Plastics and ebonite Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness)ISO 21509 Plastics and Ebonite Verification of Shore durometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Termino
10、logy F538.3.1.2 pavement characteristic, nphysical feature or property of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture, and skidresistance. E8671 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Te
11、sting.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2016. Published March 2011November 2016. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asF2870 11. DOI: 10.1520/F2870-11.10.1520/F2870-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Custo
12、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
13、 Geneva,Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
14、recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 pit
15、ch, nunit of tread pattern elements used in various combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F5383.1.4 standard reference test tire, SRTT, ntire that is used as a control tire or surface-monitoring tire (for example,Specifications E1136, F2493, F2870, F2871, and F2872). F5384. Design and Constru
16、ction4.1 The 315/70R22.5 154/150L standard reference test tire shall feature the steel-belted radial technology, and a smooth-ribbedtread design, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, with technology as described in Sections 5 7.4.2 The tire shall be designed to conform to the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organ
17、isation (ETRTO) dimensions andtolerances for cross section and overall diameter found in the current ETRTO Standards Manual.44.3 The tire used for this specification is produced by Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin.5 The tire is stampedon the sidewall with the words: “Standard Referenc
18、e Test Tire” and “F2870”.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The individual standard reference test tires shall conform to the manufacturers design standards.5.2 Tread compound, fabric processing, and all the steps in tire manufacturing shall be controlled to ensure minimum variabilitybetween tires.5.3
19、The standard reference test tire shall be as originally molded without any tread grinding or repairs.5.4 Since the formulation for tread compounds are proprietary, they shall be controlled by means of their physical propertiesgiven in Table 1.5.5 Dimensions, weights, and permissible variations are g
20、iven in Section 7.5.6 The tire shall be of the following construction:5.6.1 One-ply sidewall construction (steel).5.6.2 A five-ply tread construction (one-ply steel and four steel belts).5.6.3 Black sidewall.6. Physical Properties6.1 The physical properties of the tread compound are listed in Table
21、1.4 Available from the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation 32/2, avenue Brugmann78/80, rue Defacqz B-1060 Brussels Belgium.5 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin CERLLadoux, 23 place des CarmesDecha
22、ux, 6304 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 09, France (attn. F43 Magasin specify 315/70R22.5 154/150L Michelin truck SRTT). If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsi
23、ble technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Front View of the 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference Test TireF2870 1627. Dimensions, Weights, and Permissible Variations7.1 Details of dimensions are listed as follows and are shown in Fig. 3. When tolerances are not specified,
24、tire dimensions aresubject to manufacturers normal tolerances.7.2 Inflated Dimensions and Cured Cord Angles at 900 kPa (130 psi):7.2.1 The tread width shall be 259 mm (10.2 in.), and the cross-sectional tread radius shall be 1100 mm (43.3 in.) on the centerand 650 mm (25.6 in.) on the shoulders.7.2.
25、2 The tread radius is measured using a reference radius template as shown in Fig. 4.7.2.3 The tire shall have an overall section width of 315.8 mm (12.43 in.), and an outside diameter of 1009 mm (39.72 in.) whenmounted on a measuring rim (22.5x 9.00).7.2.4 The cured cord angles shall be 90 6 8 for t
26、he carcass and 65 6 4 for belt 1 and 18 6 4 for belts 2, 3, and 4.7.3 RibsThe tire shall have five ribs.7.4 GroovesThe tire shall have four circumferential grooves having a minimum tread depth of 10.6 mm (0.417 in.).7.5 Tread Design:7.5.1 Groove (Void) Area Fraction19.0 %.7.5.2 Number of Pitches84.7
27、.5.3 Footprint Size212.5 mm long by 259.2 mm wide (8.37 by 10.22 in.) at 3679 kg (8110 lb) at 900 kPa (130 psi).7.6 Tread Wear IndicatorsThe tire shall have indicators in each groove, laterally across the tread width, in at least six locationsspaced uniformly around the tire circumference. The heigh
28、t of the wear indicators in the grooves shall be 1.6 mm (0.063 in.), 0.00 mm, + 0.60 mm.NOTE 1Tread depth is not to be measured at these wear indicators.8. Workmanship8.1 Tires shall be free of defects in workmanship and material.9. Test Methods9.1 Preparation of tensile sheet cure shall be in accor
29、dance with Practice D3182.9.2 Stress at 300 % elongation shall be in accordance with Test Methods D412.9.3 Tensile strength shall be in accordance with Test Methods D412.9.4 Elongation shall be in accordance with Test Methods D412.FIG. 2 Side View of the 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Re
30、ference Test TireTABLE 1 Physical Properties of Tread CompoundTensile sheet cure, min at 160C (320F) 15.0 minStress at 300 % elongation, MPa (psi) 11.0 1.0 MPa (1595 145 psi)Stress at 300 % elongation, MPa (psi) 11.0 2.0 MPa (1595 290 psi)Tensile strength, min MPa (psi) 15.5 MPa (2250 psi) minElonga
31、tion, min % 450 % minDurometer hardnessA 65 2 Type ADurometer hardnessA 66 2 Type AA Measured on tire tread.F2870 1639.5 Tire tread hardness shall be in accordance with Test MethodISO 21509 D2240and ISO 868 in addition to the following:9.5.1 Use a Type A durometer that has the center of the presser
32、foot at a minimum of 6.0 mm (0.24 in.) from any edge of thefoot.9.5.2 Check the durometer operation and the state of calibration of the durometer with the rubber reference block(s).block(s)or do the calibration of the durometer before and after the measurement of the SRTT.FIG. 3 Tire Cross Section -
33、 315/70 R 22.5 154/150L Radial Truck SRTTFIG. 4 Measuring a Tread Radius using a Reference Radius TemplateF2870 1649.5.3 Condition the tire and the durometer to an equilibrium of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) before determining the tread hardness.9.5.4 Determine the tire tread hardness by averaging at least
34、 four readings. Take these readings in the center of each rib,excluding the center rib. It is recommended that additional sets of readings be taken around the tread circumference.9.5.5 Apply the presser foot to the tire tread, as rapidly as possible without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the tr
35、ead surface.Apply just enough pressure to obtain firm contact between the presser foot and the tread surface. Read the durometer scale within1 s as soon as a stabilized value is obtained (see durometer manufacturer recommendations) after the presser foot has made contactwith the tread, but after the
36、 initial maximum transient needle deflection that may occur immediately after contact is made.10. Certification10.1 Upon request, the manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser certification that the test tire meets this specification.10.2 All tires under certification shall be subject to the manuf
37、acturers normal variation.11. Storage and Preservation11.1 The tires shall be stored under constant relative humidity conditions at a temperature not to exceed 21C (70F) and abovefreezing. The ozone level in the storage area shall not exceed 5 parts/10 8 (or 5 mPa partial pressure), and no tires sha
38、ll be storedwithin 9.1 m (30 ft) of electrical motors or other ozone-generating equipment. Storage of the tires shall be in subdued light, withthe tires stacked unbundled, no more than seven tires high on a pallet.12. Recommendations for Tire Use and Operational Requirements12.1 It is recommended th
39、at the tire be used as a reference for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performanceevaluations, and for other evaluations where a standard reference test tire is determined to be required.12.2 The tire shall be mounted on an ETRTO measuring rim width code of 9.00 (for example, 22.5 by 9.00
40、rim).12.3 When irregular wear or damage results from tests, or when wear influences the test results, the use of the tire shall bediscontinued.12.4 Test results, such as measured friction force, may be influenced by tire tread depth or tread hardness or both.The magnitudeof this dependence is a func
41、tion of the water depth, pavement characteristics, test speed, tire aging effects, and break-in.13. Keywords13.1 braking; F09; SRTT; standard reference test tire; tire pavement friction; truck; wet brakingAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 This specification covers the general requi
42、rements for the 315/70R22.5 truck radial standard reference test tire. The tirecovered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performanceevaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations such as pavement roughness, noise, or
43、 other tests that require a referencetire.X1.2 Standards International standards and regulatory initiatives in Europe on wet grip braking performance for commercialvehicle tires (or as known in Europe, Class C2 and C3 tires) have required the development of this commercial vehicle standardreference
44、test tire. The use of the standard reference test tire is necessary to limit the variability of the testing method procedures.F2870 165ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this stand
45、ard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andi
46、f not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whi
47、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,U
48、nited States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 166
